池塘内循环养殖模式关键工艺参数设计
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摘要
为确立科学、合理的池塘内循环养殖模式关键工艺参数范围,运用物质平衡等相关原理,对系统内循环量、养鱼槽体面积与池塘面积比进行科学设计,并讨论了鱼粪及残饵收集率等基本参数的影响。结果表明:在水体容积为198 m3(22 m×5 m×1.8 m)、溶氧为6 mg/L的槽体中开展养殖密度达100 kg/m3大宗鱼类养殖。当鱼粪及残饵收集率为30%时,池塘内循环养殖模式内循环量设计为664.78 m3/h(约每18 min槽内水体交换一次),槽体面积与池塘面积比设计为1.03%～1.55%;当鱼粪及残饵收集率为60%,池塘内循环养殖模式内循环量设计为584.26 m3/h(约每20 min槽内水体交换一次),槽体面积与池塘面积比设计为1.18%～1.77%。需综合考量设定最佳鱼粪及残饵收集率,以降低模式运行能耗。本设计为提升模式技术性能,促进池塘内循环养殖技术发展及广泛推广提供支持。
The objective is to establish a scientific and reasonable range of key process parameters for circulating culture model in pond. The internal circulation amount of aquaculture system, the ratio of aquaculture tank area to pond area was designed scientifically based on the principle of material balance. And the influence of basic parameters such as fish excrement and bait collection rate was discussed. The results showed that the aquaculture density of fish reached 100 kg/m3 in the tank with the volume of 198 m3(22 m×5 m×1.8 m) and dissolved oxygen of 6 mg/L. When the collection rate of fish manure and residual bait was 30%, the circulation amount in the circulating culture mode in the pond was designed to be 664.78 m3/h(about water exchange once per 18 min), and the ratio of the tank area to the pond area was 1.03%-collection rate of fish manure and residual bait was 60%, the circulation amount in the circulating culture mode in the pond was designed to be 584.26 m3/h(about water exchange once per 20 min), and the ratio of the tank area to the pond area was 1.18%-1.77%. It is necessary to set the best collection rate of fish excrement and bait in order to reduce the energy consumption. The design provides support for improving the technical performance of the model and promoting the development and widespread promotion of recirculating aquaculture technology in pond.
The objective is to establish a scientific and reasonable range of key process parameters for circulating culture model in pond. The internal circulation amount of aquaculture system, the ratio of aquaculture tank area to pond area was designed scientifically based on the principle of material balance. And the influence of basic parameters such as fish excrement and bait collection rate was discussed. The results showed that the aquaculture density of fish reached 100 kg/m3 in the tank with the volume of 198 m3(22 m×5 m×1.8 m) and dissolved oxygen of 6 mg/L. When the collection rate of fish manure and residual bait was 30%, the circulation amount in the circulating culture mode in the pond was designed to be 664.78 m3/h(about water exchange once per 18 min), and the ratio of the tank area to the pond area was 1.03%-collection rate of fish manure and residual bait was 60%, the circulation amount in the circulating culture mode in the pond was designed to be 584.26 m3/h(about water exchange once per 20 min), and the ratio of the tank area to the pond area was 1.18%-1.77%. It is necessary to set the best collection rate of fish excrement and bait in order to reduce the energy consumption. The design provides support for improving the technical performance of the model and promoting the development and widespread promotion of recirculating aquaculture technology in pond.
引文
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[2]丁建华,赵文.池塘分区集群式清洁养殖新模式的概念、原理与方法[J].大连海洋大学学报,2014,29(6):613-617.
[3]周恩华.低碳高效池塘循环流水养鱼技术[J].中国水产,2013(11):83-84.
[4]周陆,张国奇,俞宝根,等.低碳池塘集聚式内循环养殖模式构建[J].中国水产,2017(1):89-93.
[5]魏泽能,崔凯,李海洋,等.安徽省池塘内循环流水特色养殖模式构建与效果分析[J].安徽农业科学,2018,46(15):84-86.
[6]王力,郭水荣,徐铃威,等.池塘内循环流水养殖七星鲈和斑点叉尾鮰实例[J].水产养殖,2018(3):4-6.
[7]蒋明健,成世清,罗平元.池塘内循环微流水养殖技术[J].农家科技,2018(5):41-43.
[8]杨洪刚.池塘循环微流水高产养鱼技术要点[J].农业与技术,2016,36(10):91-91.
[9]郁蔚文,王健.集聚式池塘内循环流水养殖设施的应用与分析[J].渔业现代化,2016,43(6):1-5.
[10] Timmons M B, Ebeling J M, Wheaton F W, et al. Recirculating Aquaculture Systems(2ndEdition)[M]. New York:Cayuga Aqua Ventuers,2002.
[11] Timmons M B, Losordo T M. Aquaculture Water Reuse Systems:Engineering Design and Management[M]. Amsterdam:Elsevier Science B.V,1994.
[12]渔业水质标准:GB11607-1989[S].
[13]刘晃,陈军,倪琦,等.基于物质平衡的循环水养殖系统设计[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(2):161-166.
[14] Masser M P, Rakocy J, Losordo T M. Recirculating aquaculture tank production systems:Management of recirculatingsystems[Z].SRAC Publication No.452,1999.
[15] Burden D G. Development of Design of a Fluidized Bed/Upflow Sand Filter Configuration for Use in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems[D]. Baton Rouge:Louisiana State University,1988.
[16]崔凯,汪翔,魏泽能,等.池塘内循环流水养殖模式的关键技术研究——以安徽省为例[J].安徽农业科学,2018,46(17):86-91.
[17]张龙岗,杨玲.池塘内循环流水养殖系统简介及发展建议[J].齐鲁渔业,2018(4):28-29.
[18]秦麟源.新编废水生物处理[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2011.
[19]钟文,文屹.改良氧化塘污水处理技术的探讨[J].广州化工,2010,38(5):217-218.
[20]张冠男.污水的生物处理方法及新技术[J].河南科技,2017,615(7):251-252.