户外用蜡浸注木工艺及物理力学性能
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摘要
为提高木材在户外应用性能,采用性质稳定的高熔点聚乙烯合成蜡对户外常用木材进行高压浸注处理,研究了蜡浸注木材的物理力学性能。结果表明:蜡处于熔融状态时性质稳定、黏度小、流动性好,在压力下易渗入木材孔隙;木材蜡渗透性是蜡浸注量的决定性因素,樟子松和辐射松木材蜡渗透性较好,欧洲云杉和白云杉较差,柳叶桉居中;浸注蜡可使木材硬度、弹性模量略有提高,使木材横纹抗拉强度、抗弯强度和吸水性显著降低;采用3阶段浸注工艺可使樟子松和辐射松木材全截面含蜡,含蜡量分别为40.21%和41.45%;樟子松和辐射松蜡浸注木抗冻融性能及抗紫外光老化性较好,可应用于户外木结构工程。
In order to improve the performance of wood in outdoor application,polyethylene wax with high melting point was used for high pressure impregnation treatment to common wood and the physical and mechanical properties of wax impregnated wood were measured. The results showed that the wax in the molten state was stable with low viscosity,good fluidity,and penetrable into pore of wood under pressure. Wood permeability was the decisive factor of wax impregnation. In terms of permeability,Pinus sylvestris and Pinups radiata wood were outstanding,Eucalyptus saligna wood was moderate,Picea abies wood and Picea glauca wood were weak.Impregnating was help to slightly increase the hardness,the modulus of elasticity and water absorption but significantly decrease bending strength and tensile strength. The three stage impregnation process can make whole section of Pinups sylvestris and Pinups radiata wood full of wax in a value of 40.21% and 41.45% respectively. Due to excellent resistance to freeze-thaw and UV aging,Pinus sylvestris and Pinups radiata wax impregnated wood were the applicable outdoor wood for structural engineering.
In order to improve the performance of wood in outdoor application,polyethylene wax with high melting point was used for high pressure impregnation treatment to common wood and the physical and mechanical properties of wax impregnated wood were measured. The results showed that the wax in the molten state was stable with low viscosity,good fluidity,and penetrable into pore of wood under pressure. Wood permeability was the decisive factor of wax impregnation. In terms of permeability,Pinus sylvestris and Pinups radiata wood were outstanding,Eucalyptus saligna wood was moderate,Picea abies wood and Picea glauca wood were weak.Impregnating was help to slightly increase the hardness,the modulus of elasticity and water absorption but significantly decrease bending strength and tensile strength. The three stage impregnation process can make whole section of Pinups sylvestris and Pinups radiata wood full of wax in a value of 40.21% and 41.45% respectively. Due to excellent resistance to freeze-thaw and UV aging,Pinus sylvestris and Pinups radiata wax impregnated wood were the applicable outdoor wood for structural engineering.
引文
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[2]丁玫,李鹏.木结构建筑的优势及发展[J].林产工业,2014,41(4):41-43.
[3]宋莎莎,费本华,王戈,等.木结构建筑与现代人居环境[J].林产工业,2012,39(5):17-21.
[4]张九红,谢欢欢.来自北欧的节能建筑:芬兰节能环保木结构[J].沈阳建筑大学学报(社会科学版),2012,14(1):6-11.
[5]李玉栋,曹金珍,田振昆.防腐木材应用指南[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006.
[6]范敏,倪欧琪,俞珍权,等.热处理对东非黑黄檀物理力学性能的影响[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2014,38(2):31-35.
[7]顾丽华,李志坚.中国木结构古建筑保护方法刍议[J].同济大学学报(社会科学版),1999,10(4):8-12.
[8]李坚.木材保护学[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[9]岳大然,宋魁彦.烫蜡工艺对木质材料表面保护作用的研究[J].美与时代(上),2012(12):100-101.
[10]牛晓霆,王逢瑚,佟达.影响仿明清硬木家具烫蜡质量的因素[J].林产工业,2011,38(2):46-49.
[11]赵大伟,徐忠勇,蒲黄彪,等.石蜡乳液浸渍云南松材的燃烧性能及吸湿吸水性研究[J].西南林业大学学报,2014,34(3):95-99.
[12]关健,吕欢,曹永宏,等.注蜡处理对6个树种木材尺寸稳定性的影响[J].西南林业大学学报,2015,35(5):83-87.
[13]孙耀星,刘一星.辊压浸注处理大青杨木材的浸注深度[J].东北林业大学学报,2007,35(11):32-33,43.
[14]YU Y,JIANG Z H,WANG G,et al.Growth of Zn O nano films on wood with improved photostability[J].Holzforschung,2010,64(3):385-390.
[15]FU Y C,YU H P,SUN Q F,et al.Testing of the superhydrophobicity of a zinc oxide nanorodarray coating on wood surface prepared by hydrothermal treatment[J].Holzforschung,2012,66(6):739-744.
[16]郭伟,牛晓霆,李伟,等.纳米Zn O改性蜂蜡处理缅甸花梨木材表面性能[J].北京林业大学学报,2016,38(2):113-119.
[17]国家林业局.木材抗弯强度试验方法:GB/T 1936.1—2009[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009:1-3.
[18]国家林业局.木材抗弯弹性模量测定方法:GB/T 1936.2—2009[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009:1-3.
[19]国家林业局.木材硬度试验方法:GB/T 1941—2009[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009:1-3.
[20]国家林业局.木材吸水性测定方法:GB/T 1934.1—2009[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009:1-3.
[21]国家林业局.木材横纹抗拉强度试验方法:GB/T 14017—2009[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009:1-3.
[22]城乡建设环境保护部.建筑涂料涂层耐冻融循环性测定法:GB 9154—1988[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1988:9-10.
[23]全国电工电子产品环境条件与环境试验标准化技术委员会(SAC/TC 8).机械工业产品用塑料、涂料、橡胶材料人工气候老化试验方法荧光紫外灯:GB/T 14522—2008[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009:1-7.