北部湾海域灾害性海浪特征及影响天气系统分析
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摘要
利用北部湾海域浮标站2015—2018年的海浪观测资料,对北部湾海域的灾害性海浪特征及影响天气系统进行了分析,结果表明:北部湾海域灾害性海浪平均每年出现2.5次,最多年出现4次(2016年);10月出现的灾害性海浪最多, 8月的次之;灾害性海浪的最大有效波高3.0～5.0 m,波向以N和NW方位最多,分别占30%;灾害性海浪过程持续时间最长为1190 min,最短为20 min;台风和冷空气是引发灾害性海浪的主要天气系统,台风引发的占60%,冷空气引发的占40%。其中以台风引发的灾害性海浪过程最多、海浪最高、持续时间最长。引发灾害性海浪的台风移动路径绝大部分经过北部湾;东路和中路冷空气更有利于北部湾灾害性海浪形成,灾害性海浪形成时常有一个冷高压位于四川盆地到江汉平原一带,中心气压在1030 hPa以上,北海与海口的最大海平面气压差在4.3 hPa以上。
The characteristics of disastrous waves and their weather systems were analyzed based on the sea wave's observation data of buoy station in Beibu Gulf from 2015 to 2018. The results show that disastrous waves occur 2.5 times every year on average and 4 times in the most occurring years(2016). The most disastrous waves occur in October, followed by August. The maximum effective height of disastrous waves ranges from 3.0 m to 5.0 m, and the wave directions of N and NW are the most, accounting for 30% respectively. The longest duration of disastrous waves is 1190 minutes, and the shortest is 20 minutes. Typhoon and cold air are the main weather systems causing disastrous waves, which accounting for 60% and 40% respectively. Typhoon causes the most disastrous waves, the highest waves and the longest duration. Most of the causing disastrous wave's typhoon passed through the Beibu Gulf. The cold air along the East and Middle paths is more conducive to the formation of disastrous waves in the Beibu Gulf. During the formation of disastrous waves, a cold high often appears in the area from Sichuan Basin to Jianghan Plain, whose central pressure is over 1030 hPa, and the maximum difference of sea-level pressure between Beihai and Haikou is over 4.3 hPa.
The characteristics of disastrous waves and their weather systems were analyzed based on the sea wave's observation data of buoy station in Beibu Gulf from 2015 to 2018. The results show that disastrous waves occur 2.5 times every year on average and 4 times in the most occurring years(2016). The most disastrous waves occur in October, followed by August. The maximum effective height of disastrous waves ranges from 3.0 m to 5.0 m, and the wave directions of N and NW are the most, accounting for 30% respectively. The longest duration of disastrous waves is 1190 minutes, and the shortest is 20 minutes. Typhoon and cold air are the main weather systems causing disastrous waves, which accounting for 60% and 40% respectively. Typhoon causes the most disastrous waves, the highest waves and the longest duration. Most of the causing disastrous wave's typhoon passed through the Beibu Gulf. The cold air along the East and Middle paths is more conducive to the formation of disastrous waves in the Beibu Gulf. During the formation of disastrous waves, a cold high often appears in the area from Sichuan Basin to Jianghan Plain, whose central pressure is over 1030 hPa, and the maximum difference of sea-level pressure between Beihai and Haikou is over 4.3 hPa.
引文
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[3]广西自治区海洋和渔业厅.2017年广西海洋经济统计公报[EB/OL].(2018-06-28)[2018-12-11].http://www.gxoa.gov.cn/gxhyj_haiyanggongbao/2018/06/28/de9ddce938fb419eafddb43d54aebff1.html.
[4]陈联寿,许映龙.中国台风特大暴雨综述[J].气象与环境科学,2017,40(1):3-l0.
[5]陈见,孙红梅,高安宁,等.超强台风“威马逊”与“达维”进入北部湾强度变化的对比分析[J].暴雨灾害,2014,33(4):392-400.
[6]陈波,董德信,陈宪云,等.历年影响广西沿海的热带气旋及其灾害成因分析[J].海洋通报,2014,35(5):527-532.
[7]夏淋淋,朱益民,程乘,等.西北太平洋热带气旋频数的年际、年代际变化及预测 [J].气象与环境科学,2014,37(2):1-7.
[8]覃庆第,邓正良,彭定宇,等.广西近海偏北大风过程极大风速分布特征 [J].气象研究与应用,2018,39(2):10-12.
[9]刘志红,姜勇强.鞍型场对热带气旋移动路径影响的研究[J].气象与环境科学,2014,37(2):14-22.
[10]黄志都,俸波,叶庚姣,等.影响广西电网输电线路的台风“威马逊”和“海鸥”环流特征分析[J].气象与环境科学,2018,41(4):90-97.
[11]张维,林少冰,杜尧东,等.华南地区1961-2008年暴雨事件的气候变化特征[J].气象与环境科学,2011,34(2):20-24.
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[13]广西自治区海洋和渔业厅.广西壮族自治区2017年海洋环境状况公报[EB/OL].(2018-06-09)[2018-12-15].http://www.gxoa.gov.cn/gxhyj_haiyanggongbao/2018/06/29/8e32bc2f82b34f43a1169618b8846075.html.
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[15]陈波.北部湾台风暴潮研究现状与展望[J].广西科学,2014,21(4):325-330.
[16]许富祥,吴学军.灾害性海浪危害与分布[J].中国海事,2007,(4):65-66.
[17]许富祥.中国近海及其邻近海域灾害性海浪的时空分布[J].海洋学报,1996,18(2):26-31.
[18]孙立娟,高超.黄渤海风浪气候统计分析[J].世界海运,2004,27(3):17-18.
[19]张薇,高山,阎忠辉,等.渤海灾害性海浪特征分析[J].海洋预报,2012,29(5):73-77.
[20]邹涛,刘秀梅,叶风娟.天津沿岸海浪特征及分析[J].海洋预报,2002,19(4):11-16.
[21]赵中阔,刘春霞.华南近海两浮标点的波浪特征分析[J].广东气象,2013,3(6):17-22.
[22]邓文君,宋萍萍,冯伟忠,等.强台风“珍珠”引发广东沿岸灾害性海浪调查分析[J].海洋预报,2007,24(2):52-59.
[23]冯兴如,李近元,尹宝树,等.海南东方近岸海域海浪观测特征研究[J].热带海洋学报,2018,37(3):1-8.
[24]潘晓东,林顺利,姚玉娟,等.南麂海域灾害性海浪分布特征[J].中国水运,2016,16(12):160-162.
[25]陶爱峰,沈至淳,李硕,等.中国灾害性海浪研究进展[J].科技导报,2018,36(14):26-34.
[26]董克勤,杨庆苹.大型岛屿对过境台风强度的影响[J].大气科学学报,1980(1):53-59.
[27]《广西天气预报技术手册》编写组.广西天气预报技术和方法[M].北京:气象出版社,2012.
[28]文圣常.海浪理论与计算原理[M].北京:科学出版社,1984.