废抛光粉中Si、Al杂质脱除技术研究
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摘要
为高效回收废抛光粉中的稀土元素,需要预先脱除其中的Si、Al杂质。采用NaOH溶液浸出工艺脱除废抛光粉中的Si、Al杂质,研究了碱比(NaOH与抛光粉质量比)、浸出时间、浸出温度和碱浓度对Si、Al脱除率的影响。结果表明:碱比与浸出时间对Si、Al脱除率影响较大;当浸出温度为90℃,碱比为1.0,浸出时间为90 min,NaOH浓度为1.00 mol/L时,Si、Al脱除率分别可达95.37%和97.93%。
In order to recover rare earth efficiently from waste polishing powder, it is necessary to remove the silicon and aluminum impurities firstly. The removal of these impurities from the waste polishing powder by NaOH solution was investigated. The effects of alkali ratio( mass ratio of alkali to waste polishing powder), leaching time,leaching temperature and NaOH concentration were studied. As the results illustrate, alkali ratio and leaching time exert greater effects on the removal rate of silicon and aluminum impurities. When the waste polishing powder was leached under the conditions of alkali ratio of 1. 0, 90 min, 90 ℃ and NaOH solution concentration of 1. 00 mol/L,the leaching efficiency of silicon and aluminum was as high as about 95. 37% and 97. 93%, respectively.
In order to recover rare earth efficiently from waste polishing powder, it is necessary to remove the silicon and aluminum impurities firstly. The removal of these impurities from the waste polishing powder by NaOH solution was investigated. The effects of alkali ratio( mass ratio of alkali to waste polishing powder), leaching time,leaching temperature and NaOH concentration were studied. As the results illustrate, alkali ratio and leaching time exert greater effects on the removal rate of silicon and aluminum impurities. When the waste polishing powder was leached under the conditions of alkali ratio of 1. 0, 90 min, 90 ℃ and NaOH solution concentration of 1. 00 mol/L,the leaching efficiency of silicon and aluminum was as high as about 95. 37% and 97. 93%, respectively.
引文
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[24]李小斌,李永芳,刘祥民,等.复杂硅酸盐矿物Gibbs自由能和焓的一种近似计算法[J].硅酸盐学报,2001,29(3):232-237.LI X B,LI Y F,LIU X M,et al.A simple method of estimation of Gribs free energy and enthalpy of complication silicates[J].Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society,2001,29(3):232-237.
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[26]杨波,王京刚,张亦飞,等.常压下高浓度Na OH浸取铝土矿预脱硅[J].过程工程学报,2007(5):922-927.YANG B,WANG J G,ZHANG Y F,et al.Pre-desiliconization of a bauxite ore through leaching by high concentration Na OHsolution under atmospheric pressure[J].The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering,2007(5):922-927.
[2]赵强,杜健,王秀艳,等.专家教你提取稀土元素:废弃稀土抛光粉中稀土元素的三种回收方法[J].金属世界,2012(5):14-16.ZHAO Q,DU J,WANG X Y,et al.Experts teach you the extraction of rare earth elements:three kind methods of rare earth recovery in waste RE polishing powder[J].Metal World,2012(5):14-16.
[3]许涛.稀土固体废物的成因、成分分析及综合利用[C]//全国稀土元素分析化学学术报告暨研讨会.北京:中国稀土协会,2007.
[4]TIAN J C.China's rare earth minerals:reserves,supply and demand[J].Mining Engineering,2013,65(12):44.
[5]刘晓杰,于亚辉,许涛,等.碱焙烧法从稀土抛光粉废渣中回收稀土[J].稀土,2015(4):75-80.LIU X J,YU Y H,XU T,et al.Recovery of RE from waste REpolishing powder by alkali roasting[J].Chinese Rare Earths,2015(4):75-80.
[6]FUNARI V,BRAGA R,BOKHARI S N H,et al.Solid residues from Italian municipal solid waste incinerators:a source for‘critical’raw materials[J].Waste Management,2015,45:206-216.
[7]KULCZYCKA J,KOWALSKI Z,SMOL M,et al.Evaluation of the recovery of rare earth elements(REE)from phosphogypsum waste:case study of the WIZOW Chemical Plant(Poland)[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2016,113:345-354.
[8]UM N,HIRATO T.A hydrometallurgical method of energy saving type for separation of rare earth elements from rare earth polishing powder wastes with middle fraction of ceria[J].Journal of Rare Earths,2016,34(5):536-542.
[9]章启军,吴玉锋,程会强,等.稀土荧光粉回收利用技术研究现状与发展趋势[J].环境污染与防治,2013(8):79-83.ZHANG Q J,WU Y F,CHENG H Q,et al.Research status and developing tendency of the recycling technologies of rare earth phosphors[J].Enviromental Pollution&Control,2013(8):79-83.
[10]WBBEKE J.Rare earth elements in China:policies and narratives of reinventing an industry[J].Resources Policy,2013,38(3):384-394.
[11]周筱桐.稀土抛光粉再生利用技术的研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2013.
[12]赵文怡,孟志军,刘海蛟,等.废抛光粉中稀土的回收[J].稀土,2012(6):75-78.ZHAO W Y,MENG Z J,LIU H J,et al.Recovery of rare earth from waste polishing powder[J].Chinese Rare Earths,2012(6):75-78.
[13]秦玉芳,许涛,马莹,等.废催化剂中稀土资源的回收与综合利用[J].稀土,2014(1):76-81.QIN Y F,XU T,MA Y,et al.Recovery of rare earths from waste catalyst[J].Chinese Rare Earths,2014(1):76-81.
[14]李晚霞.从废FCC催化剂中回收稀土镧和铈的研究[D].兰州:西北师范大学,2014.
[15]KATO K,YOSHIOKA T,OKUWAKI A.Study for recycling of ceria-based glass polishing powder[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research,2000,39(4):943-947.
[16]池汝安,王淀佐.某复杂溶液沉淀稀土草酸用量分析及试验研究[J].稀土,1992(4):11-14.
[17]刘虎.废旧稀土荧光粉的回收及其碱熔机理研究[D].北京:北京科技大学,2015.
[18]邬国栋,叶亚平,钱维兰,等.低温碱溶粉煤灰中硅和铝的溶出规律研究[J].环境科学研究,2006,19(1):53-56.WU G D,YE Y P,QIAN W L,et al.Research on the rules of leaching silicon and aluminium from fly ash in alkaline solution at low temperature[J].Research of Enviromental Science,2006,19(1):53-56.
[19]陈颖敏,赵毅,张建民,等.中温法从粉煤灰中回收铝和硅的研究[J].电力情报,1995(3):35-38.
[20]陆胜,方荣利,赵红.用石灰烧结自粉化法从粉煤灰中回收高纯超细氧化铝粉的研究[J].粉煤灰,2003(1):15-17.LU S,FANG R L,ZHAO H.Study of recovery of highly pure super-fine powdered aliminium oxide from fly ash by way of lime sintered self powdering[J].Coal Ash,2003(1):15-17.
[21]刘亚静.硅/铝溶液溶解沉降的研究[D].沈阳:沈阳理工大学,2012.
[22]刘今,程汉林,吴若琼.低铝硅比铝土矿预脱硅研究[J].中南工业大学学报(自然科学版),1996(6):666-670.LIU J,CHENG H L,WU R Q.The study of preroasting desilication of low A-S ratio bauxite[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),1996(6):666-670.
[23]史建公,卢冠忠,曹钢.一种计算分子筛标准Gibbs生成自由能的新方法[J].化工学报,2006,57(12):2806-2811.SHI J G,LU G Z,CAO G.A new method of calculating Gibbs free energy of formation of zeolites[J].CIESC Journal,2006,57(12):2806-2811.
[24]李小斌,李永芳,刘祥民,等.复杂硅酸盐矿物Gibbs自由能和焓的一种近似计算法[J].硅酸盐学报,2001,29(3):232-237.LI X B,LI Y F,LIU X M,et al.A simple method of estimation of Gribs free energy and enthalpy of complication silicates[J].Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society,2001,29(3):232-237.
[25]温元凯,邵俊,陈德炜.含氧酸盐矿物生成自由能的计算[J].地质科学,1978(4):348-356.WEN Y K,SHAO J,CHEN D W.Calculation of standard free energies of formation of oxyacid salt minerals[J].Scientia Geologica Sinica,1978(4):348-356.
[26]杨波,王京刚,张亦飞,等.常压下高浓度Na OH浸取铝土矿预脱硅[J].过程工程学报,2007(5):922-927.YANG B,WANG J G,ZHANG Y F,et al.Pre-desiliconization of a bauxite ore through leaching by high concentration Na OHsolution under atmospheric pressure[J].The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering,2007(5):922-927.