基于自适应控制时域参数的电压协调控制
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摘要
模型预测控制方法中的控制时域参数通常离线确定,且在优化过程中保持恒定,影响了其在电压协调控制问题中的优化控制效果。针对上述问题,提出了一种基于自适应控制时域参数的电压协调控制策略。基于轨迹灵敏度量化分析了节点电压对于备选控制的响应特性。在控制调节速率的约束下,通过电压响应特性评估当前优化步数下电压的累计最大恢复值,建立极限调压能力指标。在每个采样周期初始时刻,根据预测电压轨迹和极限调压能力指标确定控制时域参数,在滚动优化过程中自适应调整,可减少计算量和耗时,加快故障后电压恢复速度和优化过程的收敛。新英格兰39节点系统的仿真结果验证了所提出方法的有效性。
The control horizon parameter of traditional model predictive control needs to be determined offline and kept constant during the whole optimization process,which may cause negative influence on the performance of applications in coordinated voltage control problems.In view of this problem,a coordinated voltage control scheme based on adaptive control horizon parameters is proposed focusing on the mid-long term voltage stability problem.The voltage response feature with respect to the candidate control actions is analyzed based on the trajectory sensitivity method.Under the control regulation rate constraint,the maximum voltage recovery amount with the current optimization steps is evaluated according to the voltage response feature,based on which the voltage regulation limit index is formulated.The control horizon parameter is determined according to the predicted voltage trajectory and voltage regulation limit index at the initial time of each sampling interval,which is able to adjust itself according to the system operating state during the optimization process.The proposed method reduces the calculation burden and time consumption while accelerating the process of voltage recovery and optimization convergence.Its validation and effectiveness are verified by the simulation results of the New England 39-node system.
The control horizon parameter of traditional model predictive control needs to be determined offline and kept constant during the whole optimization process,which may cause negative influence on the performance of applications in coordinated voltage control problems.In view of this problem,a coordinated voltage control scheme based on adaptive control horizon parameters is proposed focusing on the mid-long term voltage stability problem.The voltage response feature with respect to the candidate control actions is analyzed based on the trajectory sensitivity method.Under the control regulation rate constraint,the maximum voltage recovery amount with the current optimization steps is evaluated according to the voltage response feature,based on which the voltage regulation limit index is formulated.The control horizon parameter is determined according to the predicted voltage trajectory and voltage regulation limit index at the initial time of each sampling interval,which is able to adjust itself according to the system operating state during the optimization process.The proposed method reduces the calculation burden and time consumption while accelerating the process of voltage recovery and optimization convergence.Its validation and effectiveness are verified by the simulation results of the New England 39-node system.
引文
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[15]张芳,房大中,陈家荣,等.最优协调电压紧急控制新模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(10):35-41.ZHANG Fang,FANG Dazhong,CHAN K W,et al.Study on novel model for optimal coordinated voltage emergency control[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(10):35-41.
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[3]LARSSON M,HILL D J,OLSSON G.Emergency voltage control using search and predictive control[J].International Journal of Electrical Power&Energy Systems,2002,24(2):121-130.
[4]LARSSON M,KARLSSON D.Coordinated system protection scheme against voltage collapse using heuristic search and predictive control[J].IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2003,18(3):1001-1006.
[5]WEN J,WU Q,TURNER D,et al.Optimal coordinated voltage control for power system voltage stability[J].IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2004,19(2):1115-1122.
[6]杨方,孙元章,程林.基于实时迭代的在线电压协调控制[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(7):6-10.YANG Fang,SUN Yuanzhang,CHENG Lin.Real-time iteration based on-line coordinated voltage control[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2010,34(7):6-11.
[7]张岩,褚晓东,张文.基于分段校正模型的在线电压协调控制[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(16):33-39.ZHANG Yan,CHU Xiaodong,ZHANG Wen.On-line coordinated voltage control based on segmented-correction power system model[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(16):33-39.
[8]HISKENS I,GONG B.Voltage stability enhancement via model predictive control of load[J].Intelligent Automation&Soft Computing,2006,12(1):117-124.
[9]张岩,王子翔,张文.计及稳定裕度约束的最优协调电压控制[J].电网技术,2013,37(11):3159-3165.ZHANG Yan,WANG Zixiang,ZHANG Wen.Optimal coordinated voltage control considering voltage stability margin constraint[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(11):3159-3165.
[10]黄义隆,谢敏,刘明波.基于修正轨迹灵敏度的模型预测长期电压稳定控制[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(3):28-33.HUANG Yilong,XIE Min,LIU Mingbo.Model predictive control for long-term voltage stability based on corrected trajectory sensitivities[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(3):28-33.
[11]HISKENS I A,PAI M.Trajectory sensitivity analysis of hybrid systems[J].IEEE Trans on Circuits and Systems,2000,47(2):204-220.
[12]GLAVIC M,HAJIAN M,ROSEHART W,et al.Recedinghorizon multi-step optimization to correct nonviable or unstable transmission voltages[J].IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2011,26(3):1641-1650.
[13]PAI M.Energy function analysis for power system stability[M].Boston,USA:Kluwer Academic Publishers,1989.
[14]KARLSSON D,HILL D J.Modeling and identification of nonlinear dynamic loads in power systems[J].IEEE Trans on Power Systems,1994,9(1):157-163.
[15]张芳,房大中,陈家荣,等.最优协调电压紧急控制新模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(10):35-41.ZHANG Fang,FANG Dazhong,CHAN K W,et al.Study on novel model for optimal coordinated voltage emergency control[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(10):35-41.
[16]PAUL J,CORROYER C,JEANNEL P,et al.Improvements in the organization of secondary voltage control[C]//CIGRE,1990,Paris,France.
[17]ROSENTHAL R E.GAMS—a user’s guide[EB/OL].[2014-08-08].http://wenku.baidu.com/.