海南岛东北部木麻黄立木生物量建模
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摘要
【目的】木麻黄是海南岛沿海主要的造林防护树种,量化估测木麻黄林生物量有利于明确木麻黄的碳汇贡献能力。【方法】以海南岛东林场木麻黄林为研究对象,选取了44株标准木,并获得其生物量实测数据。基于筛选的41株木麻黄样木生物量数据,分别选出地上和地下生物量最优独立模型,依据非线性度量误差模型的理论和求解方法,以及地上、地下生物量与材积变量之间的转换关系,建立了木麻黄地上生物量和地下生物量相容性模型,并采用加权回归消除各模型的异方差。【结果】地上、地下生物量最优独立模型为以胸径D为自变量的一元方程,立木材积的最优独立模型为以胸径D和树高H为自变量的二元独立模型;非线性度量误差联立方程组能够很好地解决生物量相容性的问题,地上、地下生物量和立木材积的决定系数R2均大于0.95,并很好地改进了单株预测精度(平均百分标准误差EMPSE均小于10%)和控制了平均预估误差;同时,得出生物量转换因子(EBCEF)和根茎比(R)的二元方程。【结论】此次建立的木麻黄生物量非线性联立方程组可用于大范围尺度估算木麻黄防护林的生物量及其碳储能力。
【Objective】Casuarina equisetifolia is the main protection forest species in Hainan Island.The carbon sink capacity of this species has received considerable attention against the background of global climate change.【Method】In Daodong Forest Farm,Hainan Island,the 44 trees were selected in the C.equisetifolia forest as standard trees and their biomass was calculated.On the basis of the biomass data of the 41 selected trees and optimal models for above-and below-ground biomass,a compatible model for above-and below-ground biomass was established by using a non-linear error-in-variable modeling approach and conversion between variables of volume and above-and below-ground biomass.【Result】One variable equation based on diameter at breast height(DBH) was the optimal model for above-and belowground biomass,and a binary equation based on DBH and height was the optimal model for tree volume.The use of the non-linear error-in-variable equation system was a solution to the problem of biomass compatibility,as the model R2 values for above-ground biomass,below-ground biomass,and tree volume were all greater than 0.95,and this system also improved the prediction accuracy for individual trees(EMPSEless than 10%) and managed to control EMPE(mean prediction error).This study also developed a binary equation concerning the biomass conversion factor(EBCEF) and root-shoot ratio(R).【Conclusion 】The non-linear equation system provides a method for estimating the biomass and carbon storage of C.equisetifolia on a large scale.
【Objective】Casuarina equisetifolia is the main protection forest species in Hainan Island.The carbon sink capacity of this species has received considerable attention against the background of global climate change.【Method】In Daodong Forest Farm,Hainan Island,the 44 trees were selected in the C.equisetifolia forest as standard trees and their biomass was calculated.On the basis of the biomass data of the 41 selected trees and optimal models for above-and below-ground biomass,a compatible model for above-and below-ground biomass was established by using a non-linear error-in-variable modeling approach and conversion between variables of volume and above-and below-ground biomass.【Result】One variable equation based on diameter at breast height(DBH) was the optimal model for above-and belowground biomass,and a binary equation based on DBH and height was the optimal model for tree volume.The use of the non-linear error-in-variable equation system was a solution to the problem of biomass compatibility,as the model R2 values for above-ground biomass,below-ground biomass,and tree volume were all greater than 0.95,and this system also improved the prediction accuracy for individual trees(EMPSEless than 10%) and managed to control EMPE(mean prediction error).This study also developed a binary equation concerning the biomass conversion factor(EBCEF) and root-shoot ratio(R).【Conclusion 】The non-linear equation system provides a method for estimating the biomass and carbon storage of C.equisetifolia on a large scale.
引文
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[2]WOODBURY P B,SMITH J E,HRATH L S.Carbon sequestration in the U.S.forest sector from 1990 to 2010[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2007,241:14-27.DOI:10.1016/j.foreco.2006.12.008.
[3]胥辉.一种与材积相容的生物量模型[J].北京林业大学学报,1999,21(5):32-36.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-1522.1999.05.007.XU H.A biomass model compatible with volume[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,1999,21(5):32-36.
[4]李海奎,雷渊才.中国森林植被生物量和碳储量评估[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2010.
[5]PARRESOL B R.Assessing tree and stand biomass:a review with examples and critical comparison[J].Forest Science,1999,45:573-593.
[6]曾伟生.全国立木生物量方程建模方法研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2011.ZENG W S.Methodology on modeling of single-tree biomass equations for national biomass estimation in China[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Forestry,2011.
[7]曾伟生,姚顺彬,肖前辉.中国湿地松立木生物量方程的研建[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2015,35(1):8-13.DOI:10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2015.01.002.ZENG W S,YAO S B,XIAO Q H.Construction of individual tree biomass equations for Pinus elliottii in China[J].Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology,2015,35(1):8-13.
[8]曾鸣,聂祥永,曾伟生.中国杉木相容性立木材积和地上生物量方程[J].林业科学,2013,49(10):74-79.DOI:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20131012.ZENG M,NIE Y X,ZENG W S.Compatible tree volume and aboveground biomass equations of Chinese fir in China[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2013,49(10):74-79.
[9]胥辉.立木生物量模型构建及估计方法的研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,1998.XU H.Studies on standing tree biomass models and the corresponding parameter estimation[D].Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,1998.
[10]唐守正,张会儒,胥辉.相容性生物量模型的建立及其估计方法研究[J].林业科学,2000,36(S1):19-27.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1001-7488.2000.Z1.003.TANG S Z,ZHANG H R,XU H.Study on establish and estimate method of compatible biomass model[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2000,36(S1):19-27.
[11]张会儒,唐守正,王奉瑜.与材积相容的生物量模型的建立及其估计方法研究[J].林业科学研究,1999,12(1):53-59.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1001-1498.1999.01.010.ZHAN H R,TANG S Z,WANG F Y.Study on estabilish and estimate method of biomass model compatible with volume[J].Forest Research,1999,12(1):53-59.
[12]董利虎,刘福香,王鹤智,等.含度量误差的黑龙江省主要树种生物量相容性模型应用[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(10):2653-2661.DONG L H,LIU F X,WANG H Z,et al.Compatible biomass models for main tree species with measurement error in Heilongjiang Province of Northeast China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2011,22(10):2653-2661.
[13]JOHANSSON T.Biomass production and allometric above-and below-ground relations for young birch stands planted at four spacings on abandoned farmland[J].Forestry,2007,80(1):41-52.DOI:10.1093/forestry/cpl049.
[14]朱慧,洪伟,吴承祯,等.天然更新的檫木林根系生物量的研究[J].植物资源与环境学报,2003,12(3):31-35.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-7895.2003.03.007.ZHU H,HONG W,WU C Z,et al.Study on root system biomass production of natural regenerated Sassafras tsumu trees[J].Journal of Plant Resources and Environment,2003,12(3):31-35.
[15]王成,金永焕,刘继生,等.延边地区天然赤松林单木根系生物量的研究[J].北京林业大学学报,1999,21(1):44-49.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-1522.1999.01.010.WANG C,JIN Y H,LIU J S,et al.Root biomass of natural Japanese red pine in Yanbian area[J].Jounal of Beijing Forestry University,1999,21(1):44-49.
[16]BOLTE A,RAHMANN T,KUHR M,et al.Relationships between tree dimension and coarse root biomass in mixed stands of european beech(Fagus sylvatica L.)and norway Spruce(Picea abies[L.]Karst.)[J].Plant and Soil,2004,264:1-11.DOI:10.1023/B:PLSO.0000047777.23344.a3.
[17]BOND-LAMBERTY B,WANG B C,GOWER S T.Aboveground and belowground biomass and sapwood area allometric equations for six boreal tree species of Northern Manitoba[J].Can J For Res,2002,32:1441-1450.DOI:10.1139/x02-063.
[18]SAINT-AndréL,M'Bou A T,MABIALA A,et al.Age-related equations for above-and below-ground biomass of a Eucalyptus hybrid in Congo[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2005,205:199-214.DOI:10.1016/j.foreco.2004.10.006.
[19]叶功富,林银森,吴寿德,等.木麻黄林生产力动态变化的研究[J].防护林科技,1996(S1):17-20.YE G F,LIN Y S,WU S D,et al.Study on dynamic changes of Casuarina equisetifolia productivity[J].Protection Forest Science and Technology,1996(S1):17-20.
[20]黄义雄,方祖光,谢皎如,等.木麻黄防护林带生物量与生产力的研究[J].福建师范大学学报(自然科学版),1996,12(1):113-118.HUANG Y X,FANG Z G,XIE J R,et al.Biomass and productivity of Casuarina equisetifolia shelter forest[J].Journal of Fujian Teachers University(Natural Science),1996,12(1):113-118.
[21]洪元程,徐伟强,叶功富,等.东南沿海木麻黄人工林生物量估测模型研究[J].浙江林业科技,2010,30(4):66-69.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-3776.2010.04.016.HONG Y C,XU W Q,YE G F,et al.Model for estimating biomass of Casuarina equisetifolia plantation in coastal region of the southeastern China[J].Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Science and Technology,2010,30(4):66-69.
[22]杨众养,薛杨,刘宪钊,等.海南沿海木麻黄可加性生物量模型[J].东北林业大学学报,2015,43(1):36-40.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5382.2015.01.010.YANG Z Y,XUE Y,LIU X Z,et al.Additivity in tree biomass modesl of Casuarina equisetifolia in Hainan Province[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2015,43(1):36-40.
[23]董利虎,李凤日,宋玉文.东北林区4个天然针叶树种单木生物量模型误差结构及可加性模型[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(3):704-714.DONG L H,LI F R,SONG Y W.Error structure and additivity of individual tree biomass model for four natural conifer species in northeast China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(3):704-714.
[24]KITTREDGE J.Estimation of the amount of foliage of trees and stands[J].Journal of Forestry,1944,42:905-912.
[25]中华人民共和国农林部.LY208-77立木材积表[S].北京:技术标准出版社,1978.
[26]曾伟生,唐守正.利用度量误差模型方法建立相容性立木生物量方程系统[J].林业科学研究,2010,23(6):797-802.DOI:10.1038/npre.2012.6754.1.ZENG W S,TANG S Z.Using measurement error modeling method to establish compatible single-tree biomass equations system[J].Forest Research,2010,23(6):797-802.
[27]TANG S Z,LI Y,WANG Y H.Simultaneous equations,error-invariable models,and model integration in systems ecology[J].Ecological Modelling,2001,142:285-294.DOI:10.1016/S0304-3800(01)00326-X.
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