从生态学语言向景观生态规划设计语言的转化途径
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摘要
本研究旨在探索景观规划设计领域中的生态知识(生态学语言)与生态实践(景观生态规划设计语言)之间的转化关系,希望通过一套逻辑严密、步骤清晰、简单有效的转化途径推进这一学界持续讨论的问题。研究首先通过相关综述研究了二者之间的关系,提出景观生态规划设计三层次研究体系,从而确立了应用基础研究在转化过程中的桥梁地位。然后通过剖析基于岛屿生物地理学原理开展的自然保护区规划的经典方法,发现从生态学基础研究通往生态规划设计应用的桥梁是"空间导则与空间格局"的提炼,基于此提出了T-P-C的转化途径。最后,通过T-P-C途径的指导提出了具有普适性的5步骤转化方法。研究希望通过这5步骤的转化方法,引导更多生态学基础知识能够言之有理、行之有效地转化到具体的景观规划设计实践之中。
This study aims to explore the transformation relationship between ecological knowledge(ecological language) and ecological practice(landscape ecological planning and design language, LEPD, in abbreviation) in the field of landscape planning and design. It is hoped that through a set of logical, step-by-step, simple and effective transformation Way to advance the issue of continuing discussion in this academy. On the basis of research review, it is concluded that the key to solve the problem is to find out the effective way to transform the ecology language into the landscape ecological planning and design language(LEPD, in abbreviation). From a number of angles to examine the deep relationship between the two, it put forward a three-level LEPD system, that the middle level of the application of basic research is to link the application of ecology and LEPD bridge. Furthermore, through analyzing a classic case to study the nature of zoning based on island biogeography, it is found that the bridge from the basic research of ecology to planning and design is spatial principle and spatial pattern.And then, it proposed the T-P-C conversion path we propose a 5-step transformation method with universal. The study hopes that through this fivestep transformation method, we will guide the more basic knowledge of ecology to be rational and effective in the concrete landscape planning and design practice.
This study aims to explore the transformation relationship between ecological knowledge(ecological language) and ecological practice(landscape ecological planning and design language, LEPD, in abbreviation) in the field of landscape planning and design. It is hoped that through a set of logical, step-by-step, simple and effective transformation Way to advance the issue of continuing discussion in this academy. On the basis of research review, it is concluded that the key to solve the problem is to find out the effective way to transform the ecology language into the landscape ecological planning and design language(LEPD, in abbreviation). From a number of angles to examine the deep relationship between the two, it put forward a three-level LEPD system, that the middle level of the application of basic research is to link the application of ecology and LEPD bridge. Furthermore, through analyzing a classic case to study the nature of zoning based on island biogeography, it is found that the bridge from the basic research of ecology to planning and design is spatial principle and spatial pattern.And then, it proposed the T-P-C conversion path we propose a 5-step transformation method with universal. The study hopes that through this fivestep transformation method, we will guide the more basic knowledge of ecology to be rational and effective in the concrete landscape planning and design practice.
引文
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[4]文克·E·德拉姆施塔德,詹姆斯·D·奥尔森,理查德·T·T·福曼.景观设计学和土地利用规划中的景观生态原理[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010.Dramstad W E,Olson J D,Forman R T T.Landscape ecology principles in landscape architecture and land-use planning[M].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2010.
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[8]王云才.传统地域文化景观之图式语言及其传承[J].中国园林,2009,25(10):73-76.Wang Yuncai.The pattern language and its inheritance of traditional local cultural landscape[J].Chinese Landscape Architecture,2009,25(10):73-76.
[9]王云才.景观生态化设计与生态设计语言的初步探讨[J].中国园林,2011(9):52-55.Wang Yuncai.Landscape ecological design and ecodesign language[J].Chinese Landscape Architecture,2011(9):52-55.
[10]王云才.论景观空间图式语言的逻辑思路及体系框架[J].风景园林,2017(4):89-98.Wang Yuncai.The logical thinking and framework landscape space pattern language[J].Landscape Architecture,2017(4):89-98.
[11]于志远.风景园林与生态[J].风景园林,2011(1):146-155.Yu Zhiyuan.LA and ecology[J].Landscape Architecture,2011(1):146-155.
[12]高江菡,张凯莉,周曦.关于风景园林中"生态设计"与常规设计的关系问题初论[J].风景园林,2014(5):110-113.Gao Jianghan,Zhang Kaili,Zhou Xi.Reflection and discussion of ecological design and conventional design in landscape architecture[J].Landscape Architecture,2014(5):110-113.
[13]王志芳.生态实践智慧与可实践生态知识[J].国际城市规划,2017(4):16-21.Wang Zhifang.Ecophronesis and actionable ecological knowledge[J].Urban Planning International,2017(4):16-21.
[14]王志芳,李明翰.如何建构风景园林的“设计科研”体系?[J].中国园林,2016,32(4):10-15.Wang Zhifang,Li Minghan.How to Frame Design Research Paradigm of Landscape Architecture?[J].Chinese Landscape Architecture,2016,32(4):10-15.
[15]Wang Z,Tan P Y,Zhang T,et al.Perspectives on narrowing the action gap between landscape science and metropolitan governance:Practice in the US and China[J].Landscape&Urban Planning,2014,125(3):329-334.
[16]于冰沁,田舒,车生泉.生态主义思想的理论与实践[M].北京:中国文史出版社,2013:38-161.Yu Bingqin,Tian Shu,Che Shengquan.Theories&peactices of ecologism on modern western landscape architecture[M].Beijing:Chinese Wenshi Press,2013:38-161.
[17]王绍增.论风景园林的学科体系[J].中国园林,2006,22(5):9-11.Wang Shaozeng.On the disciplinary system of landscape architecture[J].Chinese Landscape Architecture,2006,22(5):9-11.
[18]Diamond J M.Colonization of exploded volcanic islands by birds:the super tramp strategy[J].Science,1974,184:803-806.
[19]王虹扬,盛连喜.物种保护中几个重要理论探析[J].东北师大学报:自然科学版,2004,36(4):116-121.Wang Hongyang,Sheng Lianxi.Review on the main theories of conservation biology[J].Journal of Northeast Normal University:Natural Science,2004,36(4):116-121.
[20]高增祥,陈尚,李典谟,等.岛屿生物地理学与集合种群理论的本质与渊源[J].生态学报,2007,27(1):304-313.Gao Zengxiang,Chen Shang,Li Dianmo,et al.Origin and essence of island biogeography and metapopulation theory[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007,27(1):304-313.
[21]郑淑华,王堃,杨胜利,等.陆岛的概念及其基本理论[J].草原与草业,2011,23(1):1-8.Zheng Shuhua,Wang Kun,Yang Shengli,et al.The concept and basic theories of land island[J].Inner Mongolia Prataculture,2011,23(1):1-8.
[22]岳邦瑞,康世磊,江畅.城市—区域尺度的生物多样性保护规划途径研究[J].风景园林,2014(1):42-46.Yue Bangrui,Kang Shilei,Jiang Chang.Discussion on the biodiversity protection planning methods based on urbanregional scale[J].Landscape Architecture,2014(1):42-46.
[23]岳邦瑞,等.图解景观生态规划设计原理[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2017:33-42.Yue Bangrui,et al.Graphic principles of landscape ecology planning and design[M].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2017:33-42.
(1)图1、2、6由费凡自绘,图3、4来源于参考文献[23],图5根据Brown J H,Gibson A C.Biogeography[M].London:The C.V.Mosby Company,1983.改绘。
(2)表1根据“俞孔坚.与水涝共生—哈尔滨群力国家城市湿地公园[J].广西城镇建设,2013(10):74-80.”与“俞孔坚,黄刚,李迪华,等.景观网络的构建与组织—石花洞风景名胜区景观生态规划探讨[J].城市规划学刊,2005(3):80-85.”中的资料改绘;表2为作者自绘。
[2]俞孔坚,李迪华.景观设计:专业学科与教育[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003.Yu Kongjian,Li Dihua.Landscape architecture:the profession and education[M].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2003.
[3]于冰沁,田舒,车生泉.从麦克哈格到斯坦尼兹—基于景观生态学的风景园林规划理论与方法的嬗变[J].中国园林,2013(4):67-72.Yu Bingqin,Tian Shu,Che Shengquan.From Mc Harg to Steinitz:Transmutation of theories and methods in the field of landscape architecture based on landscape ecology[J].Chinese Landscape Architecture,2013(4):67-72.
[4]文克·E·德拉姆施塔德,詹姆斯·D·奥尔森,理查德·T·T·福曼.景观设计学和土地利用规划中的景观生态原理[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010.Dramstad W E,Olson J D,Forman R T T.Landscape ecology principles in landscape architecture and land-use planning[M].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2010.
[5]杨芊芊.风景园林设计中有关生态学原理的初步思考[D].北京:北京林业大学,2011.Yang Qianqian.Preliminary consideration of ecology principles in Landscape design[D].Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2011.
[6]黄志新.生态学理论与风景园林设计理念—试论生态思想在风景园林实践中的应用[D].北京:北京林业大学,2004.Huang Zhixin.The ecological theories and landscape architecture's conception—Preliminarily exploration the ecological theories'application in landscape architecture[D].Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2004.
[7]廖飞勇.风景园林生态学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2010.Liao Feiyong.Landscape ecology[M].Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House,2010.
[8]王云才.传统地域文化景观之图式语言及其传承[J].中国园林,2009,25(10):73-76.Wang Yuncai.The pattern language and its inheritance of traditional local cultural landscape[J].Chinese Landscape Architecture,2009,25(10):73-76.
[9]王云才.景观生态化设计与生态设计语言的初步探讨[J].中国园林,2011(9):52-55.Wang Yuncai.Landscape ecological design and ecodesign language[J].Chinese Landscape Architecture,2011(9):52-55.
[10]王云才.论景观空间图式语言的逻辑思路及体系框架[J].风景园林,2017(4):89-98.Wang Yuncai.The logical thinking and framework landscape space pattern language[J].Landscape Architecture,2017(4):89-98.
[11]于志远.风景园林与生态[J].风景园林,2011(1):146-155.Yu Zhiyuan.LA and ecology[J].Landscape Architecture,2011(1):146-155.
[12]高江菡,张凯莉,周曦.关于风景园林中"生态设计"与常规设计的关系问题初论[J].风景园林,2014(5):110-113.Gao Jianghan,Zhang Kaili,Zhou Xi.Reflection and discussion of ecological design and conventional design in landscape architecture[J].Landscape Architecture,2014(5):110-113.
[13]王志芳.生态实践智慧与可实践生态知识[J].国际城市规划,2017(4):16-21.Wang Zhifang.Ecophronesis and actionable ecological knowledge[J].Urban Planning International,2017(4):16-21.
[14]王志芳,李明翰.如何建构风景园林的“设计科研”体系?[J].中国园林,2016,32(4):10-15.Wang Zhifang,Li Minghan.How to Frame Design Research Paradigm of Landscape Architecture?[J].Chinese Landscape Architecture,2016,32(4):10-15.
[15]Wang Z,Tan P Y,Zhang T,et al.Perspectives on narrowing the action gap between landscape science and metropolitan governance:Practice in the US and China[J].Landscape&Urban Planning,2014,125(3):329-334.
[16]于冰沁,田舒,车生泉.生态主义思想的理论与实践[M].北京:中国文史出版社,2013:38-161.Yu Bingqin,Tian Shu,Che Shengquan.Theories&peactices of ecologism on modern western landscape architecture[M].Beijing:Chinese Wenshi Press,2013:38-161.
[17]王绍增.论风景园林的学科体系[J].中国园林,2006,22(5):9-11.Wang Shaozeng.On the disciplinary system of landscape architecture[J].Chinese Landscape Architecture,2006,22(5):9-11.
[18]Diamond J M.Colonization of exploded volcanic islands by birds:the super tramp strategy[J].Science,1974,184:803-806.
[19]王虹扬,盛连喜.物种保护中几个重要理论探析[J].东北师大学报:自然科学版,2004,36(4):116-121.Wang Hongyang,Sheng Lianxi.Review on the main theories of conservation biology[J].Journal of Northeast Normal University:Natural Science,2004,36(4):116-121.
[20]高增祥,陈尚,李典谟,等.岛屿生物地理学与集合种群理论的本质与渊源[J].生态学报,2007,27(1):304-313.Gao Zengxiang,Chen Shang,Li Dianmo,et al.Origin and essence of island biogeography and metapopulation theory[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007,27(1):304-313.
[21]郑淑华,王堃,杨胜利,等.陆岛的概念及其基本理论[J].草原与草业,2011,23(1):1-8.Zheng Shuhua,Wang Kun,Yang Shengli,et al.The concept and basic theories of land island[J].Inner Mongolia Prataculture,2011,23(1):1-8.
[22]岳邦瑞,康世磊,江畅.城市—区域尺度的生物多样性保护规划途径研究[J].风景园林,2014(1):42-46.Yue Bangrui,Kang Shilei,Jiang Chang.Discussion on the biodiversity protection planning methods based on urbanregional scale[J].Landscape Architecture,2014(1):42-46.
[23]岳邦瑞,等.图解景观生态规划设计原理[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2017:33-42.Yue Bangrui,et al.Graphic principles of landscape ecology planning and design[M].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2017:33-42.
(1)图1、2、6由费凡自绘,图3、4来源于参考文献[23],图5根据Brown J H,Gibson A C.Biogeography[M].London:The C.V.Mosby Company,1983.改绘。
(2)表1根据“俞孔坚.与水涝共生—哈尔滨群力国家城市湿地公园[J].广西城镇建设,2013(10):74-80.”与“俞孔坚,黄刚,李迪华,等.景观网络的构建与组织—石花洞风景名胜区景观生态规划探讨[J].城市规划学刊,2005(3):80-85.”中的资料改绘;表2为作者自绘。