开放式办公室声环境测评研究
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摘要
开放式办公室的声环境质量直接关系到室内人员的工作效率,我国在该领域的研究仍很缺乏,相关测评标准也有待完善。开放式研究室是开放式办公室的1种类型,人们在研究室内大部分时间里都需要专心致志地从事科研相关工作,因此其室内声环境的重要性更为突出。本文以5个典型的开放式研究室为例,参照现行的ISO标准对室内声环境进行综合测评,并深入探讨了其声环境质量与多个重要声学评价参数之间的关系,最后总结出开放式办公室的一般测评流程和注意事项。相关结论可以为建筑设计人员提供参考,同时为该领域的深入研究和标准制定提供借鉴。
The acoustic environment quality of open-plan office greatly influences office productivity. The research in this area is still inadequate,and relevant evaluation standards should also be improved. As one type of open-plan offices,the open-plan research office( ORO) is prepared for users to concentrate on doing their research work.Therefore,its office acoustic environment is particularly important. The paper took five typical OROs as the main objects,and carried out a comprehensive measurement and evaluation of the ORO's acoustic environment quality based on the current ISO Standard. The association between acoustic environment quality and multiple acoustic parameters was also discussed. The general evaluation process and matters needing attention of open-plan office were summed up. The study results can provide useful information and reference for architects,which may contribute to further study in this area and the standard establishment.
The acoustic environment quality of open-plan office greatly influences office productivity. The research in this area is still inadequate,and relevant evaluation standards should also be improved. As one type of open-plan offices,the open-plan research office( ORO) is prepared for users to concentrate on doing their research work.Therefore,its office acoustic environment is particularly important. The paper took five typical OROs as the main objects,and carried out a comprehensive measurement and evaluation of the ORO's acoustic environment quality based on the current ISO Standard. The association between acoustic environment quality and multiple acoustic parameters was also discussed. The general evaluation process and matters needing attention of open-plan office were summed up. The study results can provide useful information and reference for architects,which may contribute to further study in this area and the standard establishment.
引文
[1]Passero C,Zannin P.Study of the Acoustic Suitability of an Open Plan Office Based on STI and DL2 Simulations[J].Archives of Acoustics,2012,37(2):237-243
[2]Kim J,de Dear R.Workspace satisfaction:The privacycommunication trade-off in open-plan offices[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,2013,36:18-26
[3]Mak C,Lui Y.The effect of sound on office productivity[J].Building Services Engineering Research and Technology,2012,33(3):339-345
[4]Zhang M,Kang J,Jiao F.A social survey on the noise impact in open-plan working environments in China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2012,438C(3):517-526
[5]焦风雷,康健,张玫.汉语背景下开放式办公室声环境的评价研究[J].声学学报,2010,35(2):179-184
[6]Lee P J,Lee B K,Jeon J Y,et al.Impact of noise on self-rated job satisfaction and health in open-plan offices:a structural equation modelling approach.[J].Ergonomics,2015,59(2):222-234
[7]Hongisto V.A model predicting the effect of speech of varying intelligibility on work performance[J].Indoor Air,2005,15(6):458-468
[8]Haka M,Haapakangas A,Kernen J,et al.Performance effects and subjective disturbance of speech in acoustically different office types-a laboratory experiment[J].Indoor Air,2009,19(6):454-467
[9]Venetjoki N,Kaarlela-Tuomaala A,Keskinen E,et al.The effect of speech and speech intelligibility on task performance[J].Ergonomics,2006,49(11):1068-1091
[10]Virjonen P,Kernen J,Hongisto V.Determination of Acoustical Conditions in Open-Plan Offices:Proposal for New Measurement Method and Target Values[J].Acta Acustica united with Acustica,2009,95(2):279-290
[11]International Organization of Standardization.ISO 3382-3.Acoustics.Measurement of room acoustic parameters.Open-plan offices[S].Switzerland:the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee,2012
[12]Mak C M,Leung W K,Jiang G S.Measurement and prediction of road traffic noise at different building floor levels in Hong Kong[J].Building Services Engineering Research&Technology,2010,31(2):131-139
[13]Ou D Y.Low frequency sound insulation analysis and evaluation of stiffened building structures[J].Building&Environment,2015,94:802-809
[14]徐欢,欧达毅.教室声环境研究进展综述[J].建筑科学,2015,31(08):35-40
[15]Banbury S P,Macken W J,Tremblay S,et al.Auditory distraction and short-term memory:phenomena and practical implications.[J].Human Factors the Journal of the Human Factors&Ergonomics Society,2001,43(1):12-29
[16]Jones D M,Tremblay S.Interference in memory by process or content?A reply to Neath(2000)[J].Psychonomic Bulletin&Review,2000,7(3):550-558
[17]Lee P J,Jeon J Y.A laboratory study for assessing speech privacy in a simulated open-plan office[J].Indoor Air,2014,24(3):307-314
[18]International Organization of Standardization.ISO 3741,Acoustics-Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise[S].Switzerland:the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee,2010
[19]Varjo J,Hongisto V,Haapakangas A,et al.Simultaneous effects of irrelevant speech,temperature and ventilation rate on performance and satisfaction in open-plan offices[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,2015,44(1):16-33
[20]Passero C R M,Zannin P H T.Acoustic evaluation and adjustment of an open-plan office through architectural design and noise control[J].Applied Ergonomics,2012,43(6):1066-1071
[21]陈玲,曾向阳.开放式办公室声环境评价、预测和设计方法[J].电声技术,2009,(08):16-19
[22]Haapakangas A,Hongisto V,Hy N J,et al.Effects of unattended speech on performance and subjective distraction:The role of acoustic design in open-plan offices[J].Applied Acoustics,2014,86:1-16
[23]康升娴,欧达毅.开放式办公室声环境评价方法[J].中外建筑,2016,(3):62-64
[24]P.Virjonen J K R H.Speech privacy between neighboring workstations in an open office-a laboratory study[J].Acta Acustica United With Acustica,2007,(93):771-728
[25]Kernen J,Hongisto V.Prediction of the spatial decay of speech in open-plan offices[J].Applied Acoustics,2013,74(12):1315-1325
[2]Kim J,de Dear R.Workspace satisfaction:The privacycommunication trade-off in open-plan offices[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,2013,36:18-26
[3]Mak C,Lui Y.The effect of sound on office productivity[J].Building Services Engineering Research and Technology,2012,33(3):339-345
[4]Zhang M,Kang J,Jiao F.A social survey on the noise impact in open-plan working environments in China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2012,438C(3):517-526
[5]焦风雷,康健,张玫.汉语背景下开放式办公室声环境的评价研究[J].声学学报,2010,35(2):179-184
[6]Lee P J,Lee B K,Jeon J Y,et al.Impact of noise on self-rated job satisfaction and health in open-plan offices:a structural equation modelling approach.[J].Ergonomics,2015,59(2):222-234
[7]Hongisto V.A model predicting the effect of speech of varying intelligibility on work performance[J].Indoor Air,2005,15(6):458-468
[8]Haka M,Haapakangas A,Kernen J,et al.Performance effects and subjective disturbance of speech in acoustically different office types-a laboratory experiment[J].Indoor Air,2009,19(6):454-467
[9]Venetjoki N,Kaarlela-Tuomaala A,Keskinen E,et al.The effect of speech and speech intelligibility on task performance[J].Ergonomics,2006,49(11):1068-1091
[10]Virjonen P,Kernen J,Hongisto V.Determination of Acoustical Conditions in Open-Plan Offices:Proposal for New Measurement Method and Target Values[J].Acta Acustica united with Acustica,2009,95(2):279-290
[11]International Organization of Standardization.ISO 3382-3.Acoustics.Measurement of room acoustic parameters.Open-plan offices[S].Switzerland:the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee,2012
[12]Mak C M,Leung W K,Jiang G S.Measurement and prediction of road traffic noise at different building floor levels in Hong Kong[J].Building Services Engineering Research&Technology,2010,31(2):131-139
[13]Ou D Y.Low frequency sound insulation analysis and evaluation of stiffened building structures[J].Building&Environment,2015,94:802-809
[14]徐欢,欧达毅.教室声环境研究进展综述[J].建筑科学,2015,31(08):35-40
[15]Banbury S P,Macken W J,Tremblay S,et al.Auditory distraction and short-term memory:phenomena and practical implications.[J].Human Factors the Journal of the Human Factors&Ergonomics Society,2001,43(1):12-29
[16]Jones D M,Tremblay S.Interference in memory by process or content?A reply to Neath(2000)[J].Psychonomic Bulletin&Review,2000,7(3):550-558
[17]Lee P J,Jeon J Y.A laboratory study for assessing speech privacy in a simulated open-plan office[J].Indoor Air,2014,24(3):307-314
[18]International Organization of Standardization.ISO 3741,Acoustics-Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise[S].Switzerland:the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee,2010
[19]Varjo J,Hongisto V,Haapakangas A,et al.Simultaneous effects of irrelevant speech,temperature and ventilation rate on performance and satisfaction in open-plan offices[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,2015,44(1):16-33
[20]Passero C R M,Zannin P H T.Acoustic evaluation and adjustment of an open-plan office through architectural design and noise control[J].Applied Ergonomics,2012,43(6):1066-1071
[21]陈玲,曾向阳.开放式办公室声环境评价、预测和设计方法[J].电声技术,2009,(08):16-19
[22]Haapakangas A,Hongisto V,Hy N J,et al.Effects of unattended speech on performance and subjective distraction:The role of acoustic design in open-plan offices[J].Applied Acoustics,2014,86:1-16
[23]康升娴,欧达毅.开放式办公室声环境评价方法[J].中外建筑,2016,(3):62-64
[24]P.Virjonen J K R H.Speech privacy between neighboring workstations in an open office-a laboratory study[J].Acta Acustica United With Acustica,2007,(93):771-728
[25]Kernen J,Hongisto V.Prediction of the spatial decay of speech in open-plan offices[J].Applied Acoustics,2013,74(12):1315-1325