大功率霍尔电推进研究现状与关键技术
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摘要
综述了大功率霍尔电推进技术的国内外研究现状,并结合未来空间任务需求,指出了大功率霍尔电推进技术的发展趋势。根据大功率霍尔电推进的技术特点,从基本理论和工程实现的角度,指出了大功率下需要攻克的关键技术,主要包括:较高等离子体密度带来的离子热能化和溅射腐蚀增强问题、大电流动态感应磁场干扰问题、严重的热负荷问题、大结构尺寸问题、大发射电流阴极、变工质放电、阴极中置以及地面试验问题等,并分析了相应关键技术的解决途径和技术方向。
The research status on the high-power Hall electric propulsion technology is introduced,and the tendency is also presented on the basis of space missions in the future.According to the technical characteristics of the high-power Hall electric propulsion,several key technologies,i.e.ion thermalization and enhanced erosion due to the high plasma density,interference of the magnetic field induced by the large current,thermal design in the high power,realization of the large size components,large emission current hollow cathode,discharging with alternative propellants,internally mounted cathodes and ground test problem,are expatiated.Finally,some settlements and technical solutions are given in a situation.
The research status on the high-power Hall electric propulsion technology is introduced,and the tendency is also presented on the basis of space missions in the future.According to the technical characteristics of the high-power Hall electric propulsion,several key technologies,i.e.ion thermalization and enhanced erosion due to the high plasma density,interference of the magnetic field induced by the large current,thermal design in the high power,realization of the large size components,large emission current hollow cathode,discharging with alternative propellants,internally mounted cathodes and ground test problem,are expatiated.Finally,some settlements and technical solutions are given in a situation.
引文
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[15]Palaszewski B A,Meyer M L,Les Johnson,et al.InSpace Propulsion Systems Roadmap[R].Berlin:Springer,2016.
[16]John B McVey,Edward J"Ned"Britt,Scott F Engleman,et al.Characteristics of the T-220HT Hall-Effect Thruster[R].AIAA 2003-5158.
[17]Mason L,Jankovsky R,Manzella D.1000 Hours of Testing on a 10 Kilowatt Hall Effect Thruster[R].AIAA2001-3773.
[18]Soulas G C,Haag T W,Herman D A.Performance Test Results of the NASA-457Mv2 Hall Thruster[R].AIAA2012-3940.
[19]David T Jacobson,David H Manzella,Richard THofer,et al.NASA's 2004 Hall Thruster Program[R].AIAA 2004-3600.
[20]Kamhawi H,Haag T W,Jacobson D T,et al.Prformance Evaluation of the NASA-300M 20kW all Effect Thruster[R].AIAA 2011-5521.
[21]Son P,Jacobson D,Manzella D.The Performance and Wear Characterization of a High-Power High-Isp NASAHall Thruster[R].AIAA 2005-4243.
[22]Dankanich J W,Szabo J,Szabo B,et al.Mission and System Advantages of Iodine Hall Thrusters[R].AIAA2014-3905.
[23]Scott J Hall,Sarah E Cusson,Alec D Gallimore.30kWPerformance of a 100kW Class Nested-Channel Hall Thruster[C].Huogo-Kobe:34th International Electric Propulsion Conference,2015.
[24]Zurbach S,Cornu N,Lasgorceix P.Performance Evaluation of a 20kW Hall Effect Thruster[C].Wiesbaden:32th International Electric Propulsion Conference,2011.
[25]Rossetti P,Casaregola C,Andrenucci M.30kW-Class Hall Thruster:a Key Building Block for Propulsion Needs of Future Space Transportation and Exploration[C].Wiesbaden:32th International Electric Propulsion Conference,2011.
[26]Antonio Piragino,Andrea Leporini,Vittorio Giannetti,et al.Characterization of a 20kW-Class Hall Effect Thruster[C].Georgia:35th International Electric Propulsion Conference,2017.
[27]Andrey A Shagayda.On Scaling of Hall Effect Thrusters[C].Washington:33th International Electric Propulsion Conference,2013.
[28]Peter Y Peterson,Alec D Gallimore,James M Haas.Experimental Investigation of Hall Thtuster Interal Magnetic Field Topography[R].AIAA 2001-3890.
[29]Grys K D,Rayburn C,Haas J.Study of Power Loss Mechanisms in the BPT-4000 Hall Thruster[R].AIAA2003-5277.
[30]张乾鹏,康小录.用Xe和Kr作为霍尔电推进工质的比较[J].推进技术,2011,32(6):828-834.(ZHANGQian-peng,KANG Xiao-lu.Comparison for the Hall Thruster using Xe and Kr Propellent[J].Journal of Propulsion Technology,2011,32(6):828-834.)
[31]Hofer R R,Johnson L K,Goebel D M,et al.Effects of Internally Mounted Cathodes on Hall Thruster Plume Properties[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2008,36(5):2004-2014.
[32]Goebel D M,Jameson K K,Hofer R R.Hall Thruster Cathode Flow Impact on Coupling Voltage and Cathode Life[J].Journal of Propulsion and Power,2012,28(2):355.
[2]Dan M G,Martinez-Lavin Manuel.Performance of XIPS Electric Propulsion in On-Orbit Station Keeping of the Boeing 702 Spacecraft[R].AIAA 2002-4348.
[3]Estublier D,Saccoccia G,Amo J G.Electric Propulsion on SMART-1[R].Paris:ESA bulletin,2007,(129):41-46.
[4]John R B,Gani B G.Status of the Dawn Ion Propulsion System[R].AIAA 2004-3433.
[5]吴汉基,蒋远大,张志远.电推进技术的应用与发展趋势[J].推进技术,2003,24(5):385-392.(WUHan-ji,JIANG Yuan-da,ZHANG Zhi-yuan.Application and Development Trend of Electric Propulsion Technology[J].Journal of Propulsion Technology,2003,24(5):385-392.)
[6]Casaregola C,Pergola P,Ruggiero A.Future Scenarios for Space Transportation and Exploration Based on High Power Electric Propulsion Technologies[R].AIAA2011-5516.
[7]Alexander V Semenkin,Leonid E Zakharenkov,Alexander E Solodukhin.Feasibility of High Power MultiMode EPS Development Based on the Thruster with Anode Layer[C].Wiesbaden:32nd International Electric Propulsion Conference,2011.
[8]Sankovic J M,Hamley J A.Performance Evaluation of the Russian SPT-100 Thruster at NASA LeRC[C].Beattle:23th International Electric Propulsion Conference,1993.
[9]Arkhipov B,Kim V,Kozlov V.Small SPT Unit Development and Tests[C].Cannes:3rd International Conference on Spacecraft Propulsion,2008.
[10]Manzella D,Sarmiento C,Sankovic J.Performance Evaluation of the SPT-140[C].Cleveland:25th International Electric Propulsion Conference,1997.
[11]Arhipov B,Krochak L,Maslennikov N.Investigation of SPT-200 Operating Characteristics at Power Levels up to 12kW[C].Cleveland:25th International Electric Propulsion Conference,1997.
[12]Zurbach S,Lasgorceix P,Cornu N.HIPER:A 20kWHigh Power Hall Effect Thruster for Exploration[C].Prague:61st International Astronautical Congress,2010.
[13]Zakharenkov L,Semenkin A,Tverdokhlebov S,et al.Development and Study of the Very High Specific Impulse Bismuth TAL[C].Florence:30th International Astronautical Congress,2007.
[14]Tverdokhlebov V,Semenkin A,Shoumkin B.Evaluation of TAL Technology Applicability to High Power(10kW and above)EP Systems[R].AIAA 2001-3892.
[15]Palaszewski B A,Meyer M L,Les Johnson,et al.InSpace Propulsion Systems Roadmap[R].Berlin:Springer,2016.
[16]John B McVey,Edward J"Ned"Britt,Scott F Engleman,et al.Characteristics of the T-220HT Hall-Effect Thruster[R].AIAA 2003-5158.
[17]Mason L,Jankovsky R,Manzella D.1000 Hours of Testing on a 10 Kilowatt Hall Effect Thruster[R].AIAA2001-3773.
[18]Soulas G C,Haag T W,Herman D A.Performance Test Results of the NASA-457Mv2 Hall Thruster[R].AIAA2012-3940.
[19]David T Jacobson,David H Manzella,Richard THofer,et al.NASA's 2004 Hall Thruster Program[R].AIAA 2004-3600.
[20]Kamhawi H,Haag T W,Jacobson D T,et al.Prformance Evaluation of the NASA-300M 20kW all Effect Thruster[R].AIAA 2011-5521.
[21]Son P,Jacobson D,Manzella D.The Performance and Wear Characterization of a High-Power High-Isp NASAHall Thruster[R].AIAA 2005-4243.
[22]Dankanich J W,Szabo J,Szabo B,et al.Mission and System Advantages of Iodine Hall Thrusters[R].AIAA2014-3905.
[23]Scott J Hall,Sarah E Cusson,Alec D Gallimore.30kWPerformance of a 100kW Class Nested-Channel Hall Thruster[C].Huogo-Kobe:34th International Electric Propulsion Conference,2015.
[24]Zurbach S,Cornu N,Lasgorceix P.Performance Evaluation of a 20kW Hall Effect Thruster[C].Wiesbaden:32th International Electric Propulsion Conference,2011.
[25]Rossetti P,Casaregola C,Andrenucci M.30kW-Class Hall Thruster:a Key Building Block for Propulsion Needs of Future Space Transportation and Exploration[C].Wiesbaden:32th International Electric Propulsion Conference,2011.
[26]Antonio Piragino,Andrea Leporini,Vittorio Giannetti,et al.Characterization of a 20kW-Class Hall Effect Thruster[C].Georgia:35th International Electric Propulsion Conference,2017.
[27]Andrey A Shagayda.On Scaling of Hall Effect Thrusters[C].Washington:33th International Electric Propulsion Conference,2013.
[28]Peter Y Peterson,Alec D Gallimore,James M Haas.Experimental Investigation of Hall Thtuster Interal Magnetic Field Topography[R].AIAA 2001-3890.
[29]Grys K D,Rayburn C,Haas J.Study of Power Loss Mechanisms in the BPT-4000 Hall Thruster[R].AIAA2003-5277.
[30]张乾鹏,康小录.用Xe和Kr作为霍尔电推进工质的比较[J].推进技术,2011,32(6):828-834.(ZHANGQian-peng,KANG Xiao-lu.Comparison for the Hall Thruster using Xe and Kr Propellent[J].Journal of Propulsion Technology,2011,32(6):828-834.)
[31]Hofer R R,Johnson L K,Goebel D M,et al.Effects of Internally Mounted Cathodes on Hall Thruster Plume Properties[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2008,36(5):2004-2014.
[32]Goebel D M,Jameson K K,Hofer R R.Hall Thruster Cathode Flow Impact on Coupling Voltage and Cathode Life[J].Journal of Propulsion and Power,2012,28(2):355.