超低排放路线下燃煤烟气可凝结颗粒物在WFGD、WESP中的转化特性
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摘要
固定污染源可凝结颗粒物在监测时常被忽视,为了减少可凝结颗粒物排放,本文研究了其在烟气净化设施中的转化规律.结果表明,湿法脱硫装置、湿式电除尘装置对可凝结颗粒物的去除有协同作用,烟气中可凝结颗粒物质量浓度均高于可过滤颗粒物,但总颗粒物(可凝结颗粒物和可过滤颗粒物之和)排放量达到超低排放要求.在湿法脱硫进出口处可凝结颗粒物中有机物的质量浓度均超过了无机物的质量浓度,但在湿式电除尘出口处趋近相等.根据可凝结颗粒物无机部分水溶性离子成分及浓度的测试结果,推测可凝结颗粒物捕集过程中会有PM0.3进入,可凝结颗粒物形成过程中会产生酸雾,并且在湿法脱硫、湿式电除尘作用下,酸性加强.本研究发现SO2-4是可凝结颗粒物无机部分主要的特征水溶性离子.
Monitoring of condensable particulate matter(CPM) emitted from stationary pollution sources has often been neglected.To reduce the emission of CPM,it is necessary to study its transformation rules in flue-gas cleaning devices.The results show that the wet flue gas desulfurization(WFGD) and wet electrostatic precipitator(WESP) have a good synergistic effect on the removal of CPM.The concentration of CPM in flue gas is higher than that of filterable particulate matter,but the concentration of total particulate matter(sum of the condensable particulate matter and filterable particulate matter) reaches ultra-low emission requirements.The organic mass concentration of CPM in the WFGD inlet and outlet is larger than that of inorganic components,which is equalized during the treatment of WESP.Based on measurements of the components and concentrations of water-soluble ions in the inorganic part of the CPM,PM0.3 can be joined during the CPM trapping process and an acid mist is generated during the condensable particulate matter formation.The acid mist is strengthened through the treatment of WFGD and WESP.The experiment results also show that SO2-4 is the main component of water-soluble ions in the inorganic part of CPM.
Monitoring of condensable particulate matter(CPM) emitted from stationary pollution sources has often been neglected.To reduce the emission of CPM,it is necessary to study its transformation rules in flue-gas cleaning devices.The results show that the wet flue gas desulfurization(WFGD) and wet electrostatic precipitator(WESP) have a good synergistic effect on the removal of CPM.The concentration of CPM in flue gas is higher than that of filterable particulate matter,but the concentration of total particulate matter(sum of the condensable particulate matter and filterable particulate matter) reaches ultra-low emission requirements.The organic mass concentration of CPM in the WFGD inlet and outlet is larger than that of inorganic components,which is equalized during the treatment of WESP.Based on measurements of the components and concentrations of water-soluble ions in the inorganic part of the CPM,PM0.3 can be joined during the CPM trapping process and an acid mist is generated during the condensable particulate matter formation.The acid mist is strengthened through the treatment of WFGD and WESP.The experiment results also show that SO2-4 is the main component of water-soluble ions in the inorganic part of CPM.
引文
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[19]雒飞,胡斌,吴昊,等.湿式电除尘对PM2.5/SO3酸雾脱除特性的试验研究[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2017,47(1):91-97.Luo F,Hu B,Wu H,et al.Experimental study on removal properties of PM2.5and sulfuric acid mist by wet electrostatic precipitator[J].Journal of Southeast University(Natural Science Edition),2017,47(1):91-97.
[20]Li Z,Jiang J K,Ma Z Z,et al.Influence of flue gas desulfurization(FGD)installations on emission characteristics of PM2.5from coal-fired power plants equipped with selective catalytic reduction(SCR)[J].Environmental Pollution,2017,230:655-662.
[21]Ma Z Z,Li Z,Jiang J K,et al.PM2.5emission reduction by technical improvement in a typical coal-fired power plant in China[J].Aerosol and Air Quality Research,2017,17(2):636-643.
[22]Mok Y S,Nam I S.Modeling of pulsed corona discharge process for the removal of nitric oxide and sulfur dioxide[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2002,85(1):87-97.
[23]Huang J Y,Zhang F,Shi Y J,et al.Investigation of a pilotscale wet electrostatic precipitator for the control of sulfuric acid mist from a simulated WFGD system[J].Journal of Aerosol Science,2016,100:38-52.
[24]Yang C L.Pulse-energized wet tubular electrostatic precipitator for NOxemission control[J].Environmental Progress&Sustainable Energy,1999,18(2):80-86.
[25]Pla Perujo M.Condensation of water vapor and acid mixtures from exhaust gases[D].Berlin:Technische Universitt,2005.
[2]毛节泰,张军华,王美华.中国大气气溶胶研究综述[J].气象学报,2002,60(5):625-634.Mao J T,Zhang J H,Wang M H.Summary comment on research of atmospheric aerosl in China[J].Acta Meteorologica Sinica,2002,60(5):625-634.
[3]Corio L A,Sherwell J.In-stack condensible particulate matter measurements and issues[J].Journal of the Air&Waste Management Association,2000,50(2):207-218.
[4]Yang H H,Lee K T,Hsieh Y S,et al.Emission characteristics and chemical compositions of both filterable and condensable fine particulate from steel plants[J].Aerosol and Air Quality Research,2015,15(4):1672-1680.
[5]Yang H H,Lee K T,Hsieh Y S,et al.Filterable and condensable fine particulate emissions from stationary sources[J].Aerosol and Air Quality Research,2014,14(7):2010-2016.
[6]胡月琪,马召辉,冯亚君,等.北京市燃煤锅炉烟气中水溶性离子排放特征[J].环境科学,2015,36(6):1966-1974.Hu Y Q,Ma Z H,Feng Y J,et al.Emission characteristics of water-soluble ions in fumes of coal fired boilers in Beijing[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(6):1966-1974.
[7]莫华,朱杰,黄志杰,等.超低排放下不同湿法脱硫技术脱除SO3效果测试与分析[J].中国电力,2017,50(3):46-50.Mo H,Zhu J,Huang Z J,et al.Test and study on SO3removal performance of different wet flue gas desulfurization technologies at ultra-low pollutants emission[J].Electric Power,2017,50(3):46-50.
[8]Li J W,Li X D,Li M,et al.Influence of air pollution control devices on the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon distribution in flue gas from an ultralow-emission coal-fired power plant[J].Energy&Fuels,2016,30(11):9572-9579.
[9]陈鹏芳,朱庚富,张俊翔.基于实测的燃煤电厂烟气协同控制技术对SO3去除效果的研究[J].环境污染与防治,2017,39(3):232-235.Chen P F,Zhu G F,Zhang J X.Research on SO3removal efficiency by flue gas co-benefit control technique of coal-fired power plants based on field tests[J].Environmental pollution and Control,2017,39(3):232-235.
[10]Mizuno A.Electrostatic precipitation[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2000,7(5):615-624.
[11]王琨,贾琳琳,黄丽坤,等.严重雾霾期大气PM2.5和PM10中水溶性离子污染特征[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2014,46(12):53-58.Wang K,Jia L L,Huang L K,et al.Pollution characteristics of water-soluble ions in PM2.5and PM10under severe haze days[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2014,46(12):53-58.
[12]GB 13223-2011,火电厂大气污染物排放标准[S].GB 13223-2011,Emission standard of air pollutants for thermal power plants[S].
[13]裴冰.燃煤电厂可凝结颗粒物的测试与排放[J].环境科学,2015,36(5):1544-1549.Pei B.Determination and emission of condensable particulate matter from coal-fired power plants[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(5):1544-1549.
[14]裴冰.固定源排气中可凝结颗粒物排放与测试探讨[J].中国环境监测,2010,26(6):9-12.Pei B.Discussion on the emission issues and testing of condensable particulate matter from exhaust gas of stationary source[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2010,26(6):9-12.
[15]马子轸,李振,蒋靖坤,等.燃煤电厂产生和排放的PM2.5中水溶性离子特征[J].环境科学,2015,36(7):2361-2366.Ma Z Z,Li Z,Jiang J K,et al.Characteristics of water-soluble inorganic ions in PM2.5emitted from coal-fired power plants[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(7):2361-2366.
[16]HJ 2301-2017,火电厂污染防治可行技术指南[S].HJ 2301-2017,Guideline on available technologies of pollution prevention and control for thermal power plant[S].
[17]Yu D X,Xu M H,Yao H,et al.Use of elemental size distributions in identifying particle formation modes[J].Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2007,31(2):1921-1928.
[18]潘丹萍,吴昊,鲍静静,等.电厂湿法脱硫系统对烟气中细颗粒物及SO3酸雾脱除作用研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(16):4356-4362.Pan D P,Wu H,Bao J J,et al.Removal effect of wet flue gas desulfurization system on fine particles and SO3acid mist from coal-fired power plants[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(16):4356-4362.
[19]雒飞,胡斌,吴昊,等.湿式电除尘对PM2.5/SO3酸雾脱除特性的试验研究[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2017,47(1):91-97.Luo F,Hu B,Wu H,et al.Experimental study on removal properties of PM2.5and sulfuric acid mist by wet electrostatic precipitator[J].Journal of Southeast University(Natural Science Edition),2017,47(1):91-97.
[20]Li Z,Jiang J K,Ma Z Z,et al.Influence of flue gas desulfurization(FGD)installations on emission characteristics of PM2.5from coal-fired power plants equipped with selective catalytic reduction(SCR)[J].Environmental Pollution,2017,230:655-662.
[21]Ma Z Z,Li Z,Jiang J K,et al.PM2.5emission reduction by technical improvement in a typical coal-fired power plant in China[J].Aerosol and Air Quality Research,2017,17(2):636-643.
[22]Mok Y S,Nam I S.Modeling of pulsed corona discharge process for the removal of nitric oxide and sulfur dioxide[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2002,85(1):87-97.
[23]Huang J Y,Zhang F,Shi Y J,et al.Investigation of a pilotscale wet electrostatic precipitator for the control of sulfuric acid mist from a simulated WFGD system[J].Journal of Aerosol Science,2016,100:38-52.
[24]Yang C L.Pulse-energized wet tubular electrostatic precipitator for NOxemission control[J].Environmental Progress&Sustainable Energy,1999,18(2):80-86.
[25]Pla Perujo M.Condensation of water vapor and acid mixtures from exhaust gases[D].Berlin:Technische Universitt,2005.