摘要
利用运行11年的中国科学院保护性耕作长期定位试验站,开展了4个不同秸秆还田量处理即秸秆不覆盖还田(NT0)、秸秆33%覆盖还田(NT33)、秸秆67%覆盖还田(NT67)和秸秆100%覆盖还田(NT100)对植物寄生线虫群落影响的研究。本研究共分离鉴定到植物寄生线虫16个属,优势属4个,即巴兹尓属(Basiria)、垫刃属(Tylenchus)、拟盘旋属(Pararotylenchus)和短体属(Pratylenchus)。植物寄生线虫总丰度在0~10 cm土层随着秸秆还田量的增加先增加后减少,在10~20 cm土层随着秸秆还田量的增加变化很小,但两个土层不同秸秆还田量处理间植物寄生线虫总丰度差异均不显著。秸秆还田各个处理中,植物寄生线虫c-p(colonizers-persisters)类群以c-p3类群占优势。秸秆还田导致了0~10 cm土层土壤总有机碳含量增加,植物寄生线虫优势属中巴兹尔属(Basiria)和垫刃属(Tylenchus)的丰度增加,植物寄生线虫c-p2类群的相对丰度增加,以及c-p2和c-p3类群的生物量增加。秸秆还田量的增加并没有增加植物寄生线虫危害的风险。秸秆还田主要是通过影响土壤总有机碳和pH的变化来影响植物寄生线虫c-p类群。
We investigated the effects of corn stover mulching amount on plant-parasitic nematode communities after 11-year stover mulching in the long-term Conservation Tillage Research and Development Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Four treatments,including no corn stover mulching( NT0),33%( NT33),67%( NT67) and 100%( NT100) mulching amount of total corn stover harvest amount were set up. A total of 16 plant-parasitic nematode genera were identified,including four dominant genera,Basiria,Tylenchus,Pararotylenchus,and Pratylenchus. Our results showed that the total abundance of plant-parasitic nematodes firstly increased and then decreased in the 0-10 cm soil layer with the increases of corn stover mulching amount,while no obvious trend was found in the 10-20 cm soil layer. There was no significant variation in the total plant-parasites among different treatments in both soil layers. Among c-p( colonizerspersisters) groups,c-p3 of plant-parasitic nematodes was the dominant group. Corn stover mulching increased the total organic carbon content in the 0-10 cm soil layer,the abundance of dominant genera of Basiria and Tylenchus,the relative abundance of c-p2 group,and the biomass of c-p2 and c-p3 groups in the 0-10 cm soil layer. The increases of corn stover mulching amount did not enhance the possibility of harm from plant-parasitic nematodes. Stover return influenced the c-p groups of plant-parasitic nematodes through affecting soil organic carbon and pH.
引文
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