冲击电压下电缆的介电响应特性与绝缘状态评估
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摘要
针对传统频域介电谱法(frequency domain spectroscopy, FDS)在电缆绝缘测试中的不足,提出一种基于冲击电压下电缆介电响应特性评估电缆绝缘状态的新方法,并对其进行了理论和实验验证。通过分析冲击信号的频谱特征与绝缘介质的极化特性,论证了冲击介电谱法绝缘状态评估的可行性;利用电磁暂态程序(EMTP)仿真不同水树长度电缆的介电响应规律,从理论上验证了该方法的可行性;通过水树加速老化实验培养不同水树长度的短电缆试样,并搭建冲击实验平台进行实验测试。实验结果表明:利用介损-频率谱能够在1 000 Hz频率以下有效辨别出不同老化程度的短电缆样本,利用复电容虚部-频率谱能够有效判断出长电缆有无局部老化缺陷。研究结果表明,冲击下的介电响应特征能有效评估电缆的绝缘老化状态。
In accordance with the deficiency of conventional frequency domain spectroscopy(FDS), we proposed a new test method based on the impulse voltage response to evaluate the insulation condition of cables, and discussed the feasibility of impulse dielectric spectroscopy method by analyzing the frequency spectrum of impulse voltage and the polarization characteristics of dielectrics. Moreover, to investigate the dielectric response behaviors under impulse voltage,the cables with different aging conditions were simulated through an electromagnetic transient program(EMTP). Furthermore, the cables with different water-tree length were obtained by a water-tree accelerated experiment, and an impulse voltage platform was set up. According to the experimental results, the short cable sample of different aging time can be discriminated by dissipation factor-frequency spectroscopy under 1 000 Hz, and the partial aging defect in long cable can be diagnosed by imaginary capacitance-frequency spectroscopy. From these results, the dielectric response method under the impulse voltage can effectively discriminate the aging condition of the cables.
In accordance with the deficiency of conventional frequency domain spectroscopy(FDS), we proposed a new test method based on the impulse voltage response to evaluate the insulation condition of cables, and discussed the feasibility of impulse dielectric spectroscopy method by analyzing the frequency spectrum of impulse voltage and the polarization characteristics of dielectrics. Moreover, to investigate the dielectric response behaviors under impulse voltage,the cables with different aging conditions were simulated through an electromagnetic transient program(EMTP). Furthermore, the cables with different water-tree length were obtained by a water-tree accelerated experiment, and an impulse voltage platform was set up. According to the experimental results, the short cable sample of different aging time can be discriminated by dissipation factor-frequency spectroscopy under 1 000 Hz, and the partial aging defect in long cable can be diagnosed by imaginary capacitance-frequency spectroscopy. From these results, the dielectric response method under the impulse voltage can effectively discriminate the aging condition of the cables.
引文
[1]高树国,朱永华,吴长顺,等.基于等温松弛电流法的XLPE绝缘电力电缆老化评估判据研究[J].电线电缆,2014(1):34-37.GAO Shuguo,ZHU Yonghua,WU Changshun,et al.Criterion of aging assessment for XLPE insulation power cable based on isothermal relaxation method[J].Electric Wire&Cable,2014(1):34-37.
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[9]杨丽君,齐超亮,吕彦冬,等.热老化时间及测试温度对油纸绝缘时域介电特性的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(31):162-162.YANG Lijun,QI Chaoliang,LüYandong,et al.Study on influences of thermal aging time and testing temperatures on time-domain dielectric characteristics of oil-paper insulation[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(31):162-162.
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[11]司文荣,傅晨钊,赵丹丹,等.电网暂态过电压传感耦合技术述评[J].高电压技术,2016,42(4):1124-1141.SI Wenrong,FU Chenzhao,ZHAO Dandan,et al.Review on sensors and measurement technologies used for transient over-voltage of Power Grid[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(4):1124-1141.
[12]王黎明,闫石,李夏喜,等.基于雷电流引发空间磁场的雷电流测量传感器线圈研制[J].高电压技术,2016,42(11):3392-3398.WANG Liming,YAN Shi,LI Xiaxi,et al.Development of lightning current sensor coil based on lightning space magnetic field[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(11):3392-3398.
[13]THOMAS A J,SAHA T K.A new dielectric response model for water tree degraded XLPE insulation-part b:dielectric response interpretation[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2008,15(4):1144-1152.
[14]VALECILLOS B,RAMIREZ J.Evaluation of lightning impulse test by frequency response analysis[C]∥2006 IEEE/PES Transmission&Distribution Conference and Exposition.Caracas,Venezuela:IEEE,2006:1-6.
[15]胡文佳.抗水树XLPE电缆快速检测方法研究[D].天津:天津大学,2012.HU Wenjia.Rapid detective method for water-tree retardant XLPEpower cables[D].Tianjing,China:Tianjing University,2012.
[16]ZHOU K,TAO X,WANG X,et al.Insight into the new role of titanium isopropoxide catalyst on rejuvenation for water tree aged cables[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2015,22(1):611-618.
[17]王世强,魏建林,杨双锁,等.油纸绝缘加速热老化的频域介电谱特性[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(34):125-131.WANG Shiqiang,WEI Jianlin,YANG Shuangsuo,et al.Frequency domain dielectric spectroscopy characteristics of oil-paper insulation under accelerated thermal aging[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(34):125-131.
[18]董明,王丽,吴雪舟,等.油纸绝缘介电响应检测技术研究现状与发展[J].高电压技术,2016,42(4):1179-1189.DONG Ming,WANG Li,WU Xuezhou,et al.Status and progress in study of dielectric response technology for oil-paper insulation[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(4):1179-1189.
[19]张良莹,姚熹.电介质物理[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1991:177-210.ZHANG Liangying,YAO Xi.Dielectricphysics[M].Xi’an,China:Xi’an Jiaotong University Press,1991:177-210.
[20]周凯,陶文彪,赵威,等.基于蠕变模型的水树老化电缆绝缘自恢复机制[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(16):4271-4279.ZHOU Kai,TAO Wenbiao,ZHAO Wei,et al.Insulation self-recovery mechanism of water tree aged cables based on a creep model[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(16):4271-4279.
[21]张仁豫,陈昌渔,王昌长.高电压试验技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2009:89-99.ZHANG Renyu,CHEN Changyu,WANG Changchang.High-voltage testing technology[M].Beijing,China:Tsinghua University Press,2009:89-99.
[22]肖文章.高压绝缘诊断的介电响应技术研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨理工大学,2011.XIAO Wenzhang.Technical research of dielectric response for high-voltage insulation diagnosis[J].Harbin,China:Harbin University and Science and Technology,2011.
[23]牛胜锁,梁志瑞,张建华,等.基于三谱线插值FFT的电力谐波分析算法[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(16):130-136.NIU Shengsuo,LIANG Zhirui,ZHANG Jianhua,et al.An algorithm for electrical harmonic analysis based on triple-spectrum-line interpolation FFT[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(16):130-136.
[24]吴广宁,宋臻杰,杨飞豹,等.基于时域介电谱和去极化电量的变压器油纸绝缘老化特征量研究[J].高电压技术,2017,43(1):195-202.WU Guangning,SONG Zhenjie,YANG Feibao,et al.Study on aging characteristics of transformer oil-paper insulation based on the time domain dielectric spectroscopy and depolarization charge quantity[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(1):195-202.
[25]METWALLY I A.Performance improvement of slow-wave Rogowski coils for high impulse current measurement[J].IEEE Sensors Journal,2013,13(2):538-547.
[26]梁曦东,高岩峰.Dissado-Hill模型在电介质介电响应分析中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(21):6002-6011.LIANG Xidong,GAOYanfeng.Application of the Dissado-Hill model in the analysis of dielectric response[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(21):6002-6011.
[27]NIKJOO R,TAYLOR N,EDIN H.Dielectric response measurement by impulse stimulus on AC:Measurement considerations,and laboratory testing on a bushing[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2017,24(1):511-518.
[2]吴广宁,夏国强,宋臻杰,等.基于小波分析和时域介电谱的变压器油纸绝缘老化状态评估[J].高电压技术,2018,44(1):226-233.WU Guangning,XIA Guoqiang,SONG Zhenjie,et al.Status assessment of aging condition of transformer oil-paper insulation based on time domain dielectric spectroscopy and wavelet analysis[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(1):226-233.
[3]周凯,李康乐,杨明亮,等.修复液沿交联聚乙烯电缆高度方向的浓度分布及其变化对修复效果的影响[J].高电压技术,2018,44(11):3681-3687.ZHOU Kai,LI Kangle,YANG Mingliang,et al.Concentration distribution of rejuvenation fluid along the vertical direction of XLPEcables and its influence on rejuvenation effect[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(11):3681-3687.
[4]贡春艳.极化去极化电流法和回复电压法融合的油纸绝缘老化状态评估[D].重庆:重庆大学,2013.GONG Chunyan.Condition evaluation method of transformer oil-paper insulation based on fusion of PDC and RVM[D].Chongqing,China:Chongqing University,2013.
[5]蔡钢,刘曦,濮峻嵩,等.基于PDC法的水树老化电缆绝缘诊断[J].绝缘材料,2016,49(7):61-64,71.CAI Gang,LIU Xi,PU Junsong,et al.Insulation diagnosis of water-treed cables based on polarization and depolarization current method[J].Insulating Materials,49(7):61-64,71.
[6]杨帆,沈煜,王彦博,等.基于极化/去极化电流法的交联聚乙烯电缆热老化程度判定[J].高电压技术,2016,42(2):496-503.YANG Fan,SHEN Yu,WANG Yanbo,et al.Thermal aging status diagnosis of XLPE cable using polarization/depolarization current method[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(2):496-503.
[7]YE G,LI H,LIN F,et al.Condition assessment of XLPE insulated cables based on polarization/depolarization current method[J].IEEETransactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2016,23(2):721-729.
[8]PRADHAN A K,CHATTERJEE B,DEY D,et al.Time growing frequency sweep signal based insulation condition monitoring in frequency domain spectroscopy[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2016,23(4):1898-1906.
[9]杨丽君,齐超亮,吕彦冬,等.热老化时间及测试温度对油纸绝缘时域介电特性的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(31):162-162.YANG Lijun,QI Chaoliang,LüYandong,et al.Study on influences of thermal aging time and testing temperatures on time-domain dielectric characteristics of oil-paper insulation[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(31):162-162.
[10]ZHOU K,XIONG Q,HE M,et al.An on-line monitoring system for over-voltages based on a two-stage voltage divider and field measurement results in medium-voltage grids[J].Electric Power Components and Systems,2016,44(12):1345-1356.
[11]司文荣,傅晨钊,赵丹丹,等.电网暂态过电压传感耦合技术述评[J].高电压技术,2016,42(4):1124-1141.SI Wenrong,FU Chenzhao,ZHAO Dandan,et al.Review on sensors and measurement technologies used for transient over-voltage of Power Grid[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(4):1124-1141.
[12]王黎明,闫石,李夏喜,等.基于雷电流引发空间磁场的雷电流测量传感器线圈研制[J].高电压技术,2016,42(11):3392-3398.WANG Liming,YAN Shi,LI Xiaxi,et al.Development of lightning current sensor coil based on lightning space magnetic field[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(11):3392-3398.
[13]THOMAS A J,SAHA T K.A new dielectric response model for water tree degraded XLPE insulation-part b:dielectric response interpretation[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2008,15(4):1144-1152.
[14]VALECILLOS B,RAMIREZ J.Evaluation of lightning impulse test by frequency response analysis[C]∥2006 IEEE/PES Transmission&Distribution Conference and Exposition.Caracas,Venezuela:IEEE,2006:1-6.
[15]胡文佳.抗水树XLPE电缆快速检测方法研究[D].天津:天津大学,2012.HU Wenjia.Rapid detective method for water-tree retardant XLPEpower cables[D].Tianjing,China:Tianjing University,2012.
[16]ZHOU K,TAO X,WANG X,et al.Insight into the new role of titanium isopropoxide catalyst on rejuvenation for water tree aged cables[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2015,22(1):611-618.
[17]王世强,魏建林,杨双锁,等.油纸绝缘加速热老化的频域介电谱特性[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(34):125-131.WANG Shiqiang,WEI Jianlin,YANG Shuangsuo,et al.Frequency domain dielectric spectroscopy characteristics of oil-paper insulation under accelerated thermal aging[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(34):125-131.
[18]董明,王丽,吴雪舟,等.油纸绝缘介电响应检测技术研究现状与发展[J].高电压技术,2016,42(4):1179-1189.DONG Ming,WANG Li,WU Xuezhou,et al.Status and progress in study of dielectric response technology for oil-paper insulation[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(4):1179-1189.
[19]张良莹,姚熹.电介质物理[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1991:177-210.ZHANG Liangying,YAO Xi.Dielectricphysics[M].Xi’an,China:Xi’an Jiaotong University Press,1991:177-210.
[20]周凯,陶文彪,赵威,等.基于蠕变模型的水树老化电缆绝缘自恢复机制[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(16):4271-4279.ZHOU Kai,TAO Wenbiao,ZHAO Wei,et al.Insulation self-recovery mechanism of water tree aged cables based on a creep model[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(16):4271-4279.
[21]张仁豫,陈昌渔,王昌长.高电压试验技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2009:89-99.ZHANG Renyu,CHEN Changyu,WANG Changchang.High-voltage testing technology[M].Beijing,China:Tsinghua University Press,2009:89-99.
[22]肖文章.高压绝缘诊断的介电响应技术研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨理工大学,2011.XIAO Wenzhang.Technical research of dielectric response for high-voltage insulation diagnosis[J].Harbin,China:Harbin University and Science and Technology,2011.
[23]牛胜锁,梁志瑞,张建华,等.基于三谱线插值FFT的电力谐波分析算法[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(16):130-136.NIU Shengsuo,LIANG Zhirui,ZHANG Jianhua,et al.An algorithm for electrical harmonic analysis based on triple-spectrum-line interpolation FFT[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(16):130-136.
[24]吴广宁,宋臻杰,杨飞豹,等.基于时域介电谱和去极化电量的变压器油纸绝缘老化特征量研究[J].高电压技术,2017,43(1):195-202.WU Guangning,SONG Zhenjie,YANG Feibao,et al.Study on aging characteristics of transformer oil-paper insulation based on the time domain dielectric spectroscopy and depolarization charge quantity[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(1):195-202.
[25]METWALLY I A.Performance improvement of slow-wave Rogowski coils for high impulse current measurement[J].IEEE Sensors Journal,2013,13(2):538-547.
[26]梁曦东,高岩峰.Dissado-Hill模型在电介质介电响应分析中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(21):6002-6011.LIANG Xidong,GAOYanfeng.Application of the Dissado-Hill model in the analysis of dielectric response[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(21):6002-6011.
[27]NIKJOO R,TAYLOR N,EDIN H.Dielectric response measurement by impulse stimulus on AC:Measurement considerations,and laboratory testing on a bushing[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2017,24(1):511-518.