大草蛉幼虫捕食豆大蓟马和豆蚜的功能反应及生长发育
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摘要
为了探讨大草蛉幼虫对2种豆科作物害虫的控害潜能和猎物适应性,室内研究了大草蛉幼虫对豆大蓟马和豆蚜的捕食功能反应以及两种猎物对大草蛉生长发育的影响。结果表明,大草蛉2、3龄幼虫对豆大蓟马和豆蚜的捕食功能反应均符合HollingⅡ模型。大草蛉2龄幼虫对豆大蓟马2龄若虫和豆蚜成虫以及大草蛉3龄幼虫对豆大蓟马成虫、2龄若虫和豆蚜成虫的理论最大捕食量分别为555.56、416.67头和588.24、1250.00、909.09头。搜寻效应结果表明,大草蛉2和3龄幼虫对豆大蓟马2龄若虫的搜寻效应均大于豆蚜。大草蛉取食豆蚜和豆大蓟马的未成熟期发育历期(1龄至成虫)分别为18.01和19.89 d,存活率分别为96.67%和93.33%,表明豆蚜和豆大蓟马均是适宜大草蛉生长发育的天然猎物。综合分析捕食功能和生长发育各参数,表明大草蛉对豆大蓟马和豆蚜均具有良好的控害潜能。
To clarify the potential pest control capacity and adaptability of Chrysopa pallens larvae to important leguminous insect pests, Megalurothrips usitatus and Aphis craccivora, the predation function response model was evaluated, and performace of C. pallens on the two insect pests were investigated in the laboratory. The results showed that the predation function response of C. pallens 2nd-instar and 3rd-instar larvae on M. usitatus and A. craccivora could be both fitted with HollingⅡ model. The highest maximum daily predatory capacity was 1250.00 for C. pallens 3rd-instar larvae on M. usitatus nymphs, while the lowest maximum daily predatory capacity was 416.67 for C. pallens 2nd-instar larvae on A. craccivora adults. The searching rate of C. pallens larvae decreased with the increase in prey density and was higher on M. usitatus than that on A. craccivora. The developmental period of immature C. pallens(from 1st-instar larvae to adult) on A. craccivora was 18.01 d, shorter than that on M. usitatus(19.89 d). In contrast, the survival rate on A. craccivora was 96.67%, higher than that on M. usitatus(93.33%). The results indicated that these two leguminous insect pests were suitable for development of C. pallens. These results indicate that the C. pallens is a potential natural enemy for M. usitatus and A. craccivora.
To clarify the potential pest control capacity and adaptability of Chrysopa pallens larvae to important leguminous insect pests, Megalurothrips usitatus and Aphis craccivora, the predation function response model was evaluated, and performace of C. pallens on the two insect pests were investigated in the laboratory. The results showed that the predation function response of C. pallens 2nd-instar and 3rd-instar larvae on M. usitatus and A. craccivora could be both fitted with HollingⅡ model. The highest maximum daily predatory capacity was 1250.00 for C. pallens 3rd-instar larvae on M. usitatus nymphs, while the lowest maximum daily predatory capacity was 416.67 for C. pallens 2nd-instar larvae on A. craccivora adults. The searching rate of C. pallens larvae decreased with the increase in prey density and was higher on M. usitatus than that on A. craccivora. The developmental period of immature C. pallens(from 1st-instar larvae to adult) on A. craccivora was 18.01 d, shorter than that on M. usitatus(19.89 d). In contrast, the survival rate on A. craccivora was 96.67%, higher than that on M. usitatus(93.33%). The results indicated that these two leguminous insect pests were suitable for development of C. pallens. These results indicate that the C. pallens is a potential natural enemy for M. usitatus and A. craccivora.
引文
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[20]Shibao M,Tanaka H.Control of the western flower thrips,Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande)on greenhouse eggplant by releasing Orius strigicollis(Poppius)[J].Proceedings of the Kansai Plant Protection Society,2000,42(1):27-30.
[21]Gilkeson L A,Morewood W D,Elliot D E.Current status of biological control of thrips in Canadian greenhouses with Amblyseius cucumeris and Orius tristicolor[J].IOBC/WPRS Bulletins,1990,13:71-75.
[22]Tellier A J,Steiner M Y.Control of the western flower thrips,Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande),with a native predator Orius tristicolor(White)in greenhouse cucumbers and peppers in Alberta,Canada[J].IOBC/WPRS Bulletins,1990,13(5):209-211.
[23]蒋月丽,武予清,段云,等.释放东亚小花蝽对大棚辣椒上几种害虫的防治效果[J].中国生物防治学报,2011,27(3):414-417.
[24]尹健,高新国,武予清,等.释放东亚小花蝽对茄子上蓟马的控制效果[J].中国生物防治学报,2013,29(3):459-462.
[25]孙丽娟,衣维贤,赵川德,等.大草蛉对3种蚜虫的捕食能力研究[J].植物保护,2013,39(5):153-157.
[26]赵琴,陈婧,刘凤想,等.大草蛉对桃蚜和夹竹桃蚜的捕食作用研究[J].环境昆虫学报,2008,30(3):220-223.
[27]陈新,贺仲麟,张运慈.大草蛉对烟蚜种群密度的功能反应及控制能力的评价[J].河南农业大学学报,24(4):444-455.
[28]程丽媛,廖先骏,徐龙祥,等.以豌豆修尾蚜为猎物的大草蛉两性生命表和捕食率[J].植物保护学报,41(6):680-686.
[29]刘爽,王甦,刘佰明,等.大草蛉幼虫对烟粉虱的捕食功能反应及捕食行为观察[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(6):1136-1145.
[30]王然,王甦,渠成,等.大草蛉幼虫对不同寄主植物上烟粉虱卵的捕食功能反应与搜寻效应[J].植物保护学报,2016,43(1):149-154.
[31]魏洪义,詹根祥,沈荣武,等.大草岭对桑蓟马捕食作用初报[J].江西农业大学学报,1994(4):84-86.
[32]张欣,李修炼,梁宗锁,等.不同环境温度下大草蛉对黄精主要害虫二斑叶螨的控害潜能评估[J].环境昆虫学报,2012,34(2):214-219.
[33]黄红,晏建章,李代芹.大草岭对棉花害虫捕食作用的研究[J].昆虫天敌,1990,12(1):7-12.
[34]赵敬钊.大草蛉生物学特性研究[J].植物保护学报,1988,15(2):123-127.
[35]张安盛,李丽莉,于毅,等.中华草蛉幼虫对西花蓟马若虫的捕食功能反应与搜寻效应[J].植物保护学报,2007,34(3):247-251.
[36]张安盛,于毅,周仙红,等.中华草蛉3龄幼虫对西花蓟马的捕食作用[J].山东农业科学,2012,44(7):88-89,94.
[37]任凤山,张安盛,邢光耀.中华草蛉2龄幼虫对棕榈蓟马的捕食功能反应与搜寻效应[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(2):177-179.
[38]Lee K S,Lee J H.Rearing of Chrysopa septempunctata Wesmael(Neuroptera:Chrysopidae)on artificial diet[J].Entomological Research,2005,35(5):183-188.
[39]蔡长荣,张宣达,赵敬钊.大草岭人工饲料的初步研究[J].昆虫天敌,1985,7(3):125-128.
[40]林美珍,陈红印,王树英,等.大草蛉幼虫人工饲料的研究[J].中国生物防治,2007,23(4):316-321.
[41]张帆,王素琴,罗晨,等.几种人工饲料及繁殖技术对大草蛉生长发育的影响[J].植物保护,2004,30(5):36-40.
[2]唐良德,梁延坡,韩云,等.海南豇豆蓟马发生为害调查及蓝板监测技术研究[J].中国植保导刊,2015,35(3):53-57.
[3]范咏梅,童晓立,高良举,等.普通大蓟马在海南豇豆上的空间分布型[J].环境昆虫学报,2013,35(6):737-743.
[4]周远平,贝近灵.广西沿海地区豇豆蓟马生活习性及综合防治技术[J].福建农业,2014,9:166.
[5]文礼章,陈永年,潘桐.豆蚜实验种群生命表参数的研究[J].昆虫学报,1991,34(1):26-31.
[6]文礼章.国外豆蚜研究概述[J].植物保护,1987,13(4):47-49.
[7]Attia A A,EI-Heneidy A H,EI-Kady E A.Studies on the aphid,Aphis craccivora Koch(Homoptera:Aphididae)in Egypt[J].Bulletin de la SociétéEntomologique d′égypte,1986,66:319-324.
[8]Chang N T.Color preference of thrips(Thysanoptera:Thripidae)in the adzuki bean field[J].Plant Protection Bulletin,1990,32(4):307-316.
[9]Tang L D,Zhao H Y,Fu B L,et al.Colored sticky traps to selectively survey thrips(Thysanoptera)in cowpea ecosystem[J].Neotropical Entomology,2016,45(1):96-101.
[10]云天海,肖日新,吴月燕,等.蓝板诱杀技术在豇豆蓟马防控上的应用[J].中国蔬菜,2012(5):32.
[11]陈鹏,王凤珍,李春成,等.以生命表技术评价异色瓢虫对豆蚜的控害潜能[J].吉林农业大学学报,2015,37(1):14-19.
[12]唐良德,李飞,吴建辉,等.六斑月瓢虫捕食不同猎物的功能反应研究[J].中国生物防治学报,2015,31(2):202-207.
[13]Ofuya T I.Studies on the capability of Cheilomenes lunata(Fabricius)(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae)to prey on the cowpea aphid,Aphis craccivora Koch(Homoptera:Aphididae)in Nigeria[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,1995,52(1):35-38.
[14]王秀梅,陈鹏,臧连生,等.基于生命表技术评价豆柄瘤蚜茧蜂对豆蚜的控害潜能[J].植物保护学报,2014,41(6):687-691.
[15]Yang N W,Zhang L S,Wang S,et al.Biological pest management by predators and parasitoids in the greenhouse vegetables in China[J].Biological Control,2014,68(1):92-102.
[16]Chambers R J,Long S,Helyer B L.Effectiveness of Orius laevigatus(Hem:Anthocoridae)for the control of Frankliniella occidentalis on cucumber and pepper in the United Kingdom[J].Biocontrol Science and Technology,1993,3(3):295-307.
[17]Villevieille M,Millot P.Biological control of Frankliniella occidentalis with Orius laevigatus on strawberry[J].IOBC/WPRS Bulletins,1991,14(5):57-64.
[18]Ravensberg W J,Dissevelt M,Altena K,et al.Developments in the integrated control Frankliniella occidentalis of in capsicum and cucumber[J].Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin,1992,22(3):387-396.
[19]Fransen J J,Boogaard M,Tolsma J.The minute pirate bug,Orius insidiosus(Say)(Hemiptera:Anthocoridae),as a predator of western flower thrips,Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande),in chrysanthemum rose and saintpauli[J].IOBC/WPRS Bulletins,1993,16(8):73-77.
[20]Shibao M,Tanaka H.Control of the western flower thrips,Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande)on greenhouse eggplant by releasing Orius strigicollis(Poppius)[J].Proceedings of the Kansai Plant Protection Society,2000,42(1):27-30.
[21]Gilkeson L A,Morewood W D,Elliot D E.Current status of biological control of thrips in Canadian greenhouses with Amblyseius cucumeris and Orius tristicolor[J].IOBC/WPRS Bulletins,1990,13:71-75.
[22]Tellier A J,Steiner M Y.Control of the western flower thrips,Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande),with a native predator Orius tristicolor(White)in greenhouse cucumbers and peppers in Alberta,Canada[J].IOBC/WPRS Bulletins,1990,13(5):209-211.
[23]蒋月丽,武予清,段云,等.释放东亚小花蝽对大棚辣椒上几种害虫的防治效果[J].中国生物防治学报,2011,27(3):414-417.
[24]尹健,高新国,武予清,等.释放东亚小花蝽对茄子上蓟马的控制效果[J].中国生物防治学报,2013,29(3):459-462.
[25]孙丽娟,衣维贤,赵川德,等.大草蛉对3种蚜虫的捕食能力研究[J].植物保护,2013,39(5):153-157.
[26]赵琴,陈婧,刘凤想,等.大草蛉对桃蚜和夹竹桃蚜的捕食作用研究[J].环境昆虫学报,2008,30(3):220-223.
[27]陈新,贺仲麟,张运慈.大草蛉对烟蚜种群密度的功能反应及控制能力的评价[J].河南农业大学学报,24(4):444-455.
[28]程丽媛,廖先骏,徐龙祥,等.以豌豆修尾蚜为猎物的大草蛉两性生命表和捕食率[J].植物保护学报,41(6):680-686.
[29]刘爽,王甦,刘佰明,等.大草蛉幼虫对烟粉虱的捕食功能反应及捕食行为观察[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(6):1136-1145.
[30]王然,王甦,渠成,等.大草蛉幼虫对不同寄主植物上烟粉虱卵的捕食功能反应与搜寻效应[J].植物保护学报,2016,43(1):149-154.
[31]魏洪义,詹根祥,沈荣武,等.大草岭对桑蓟马捕食作用初报[J].江西农业大学学报,1994(4):84-86.
[32]张欣,李修炼,梁宗锁,等.不同环境温度下大草蛉对黄精主要害虫二斑叶螨的控害潜能评估[J].环境昆虫学报,2012,34(2):214-219.
[33]黄红,晏建章,李代芹.大草岭对棉花害虫捕食作用的研究[J].昆虫天敌,1990,12(1):7-12.
[34]赵敬钊.大草蛉生物学特性研究[J].植物保护学报,1988,15(2):123-127.
[35]张安盛,李丽莉,于毅,等.中华草蛉幼虫对西花蓟马若虫的捕食功能反应与搜寻效应[J].植物保护学报,2007,34(3):247-251.
[36]张安盛,于毅,周仙红,等.中华草蛉3龄幼虫对西花蓟马的捕食作用[J].山东农业科学,2012,44(7):88-89,94.
[37]任凤山,张安盛,邢光耀.中华草蛉2龄幼虫对棕榈蓟马的捕食功能反应与搜寻效应[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(2):177-179.
[38]Lee K S,Lee J H.Rearing of Chrysopa septempunctata Wesmael(Neuroptera:Chrysopidae)on artificial diet[J].Entomological Research,2005,35(5):183-188.
[39]蔡长荣,张宣达,赵敬钊.大草岭人工饲料的初步研究[J].昆虫天敌,1985,7(3):125-128.
[40]林美珍,陈红印,王树英,等.大草蛉幼虫人工饲料的研究[J].中国生物防治,2007,23(4):316-321.
[41]张帆,王素琴,罗晨,等.几种人工饲料及繁殖技术对大草蛉生长发育的影响[J].植物保护,2004,30(5):36-40.