水银洞金矿与阳山金矿载金矿物成分分析及金的赋存状态
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摘要
卡林型金矿是世界范围内最重要的金矿类型之一,其主要产出在美国西部内华达州和我国扬子板块边缘滇黔桂、川甘陕的"金三角"地区。本次选择贵州贞丰水银洞金矿和甘肃文县阳山金矿作为研究对象,对主要载金矿物--黄铁矿进行了仔细镜下鉴定、电子探针成分分析(EPMA)和背散射电子图像(BSE)分析。结果发现黄铁矿有多种形态类型,其中自形黄铁矿、不规则状黄铁矿以及球状黄铁矿都发育典型的环带结构。成分分析表明,黄铁矿中含有As、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb等微量元素,其中As含量较高(0.070~8.850wt%),为砷黄铁矿。元素的相关性分析表明,As、S呈负相关关系。本文结合近年来对卡林型金矿的主要研究成果分析认为,水银洞金矿和阳山金矿中的金主要是以晶格金的形式赋存于载金矿物的晶格缺陷之中。
Carlin-type gold deposits, known as the most important type of gold deposit in the world, are mainly distributed in western American(Utah) and two golden triangle areas of Dian-Qian-Gui and Chuan-Gan-Shan in China. Microscopic observation, EPMA and BSE analyses of pyrites from Yangshan deposit in Gansu and Shuiyindong deposits in Guizhou show that the gold-bearing pyrites have six morphological types. Meanwhile, euhedral, irregular and spherical pyrites have zonal textures.EPMA analyses of pyrites suggest some trace elements occur in these pyrites,such as As、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb. And a negative relationship between As and S indicates the substitution of As for S. Finally,combined with previously published results, it is documented that invisible gold in Yangshan and Shuiyindong deposits is present as structurally bound Au+ in the lattice defect of gold-bearing sulfides.
Carlin-type gold deposits, known as the most important type of gold deposit in the world, are mainly distributed in western American(Utah) and two golden triangle areas of Dian-Qian-Gui and Chuan-Gan-Shan in China. Microscopic observation, EPMA and BSE analyses of pyrites from Yangshan deposit in Gansu and Shuiyindong deposits in Guizhou show that the gold-bearing pyrites have six morphological types. Meanwhile, euhedral, irregular and spherical pyrites have zonal textures.EPMA analyses of pyrites suggest some trace elements occur in these pyrites,such as As、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb. And a negative relationship between As and S indicates the substitution of As for S. Finally,combined with previously published results, it is documented that invisible gold in Yangshan and Shuiyindong deposits is present as structurally bound Au+ in the lattice defect of gold-bearing sulfides.
引文
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[2]Lubben J D,Cline J S,Barker S L L.Ore Fuild Properties and Sources from Quartz--Associated Gold at the BetzePost Carlin-Type Gold Deposit,Nevada,United States[J].Economic Geology,2012,107:1351-1358.
[3]Almeida C M D,Olivo G R,Chouinard A,et al.Mineral Paragenesis,Alteration,and Geochemistry of the Two Types of Gold Ore and the Host Rocks from the CarlinType Deposits in the Southern Part of the Goldstrike Property,Northern Nevada:Implications for Sources of OreForming Elements,Ore Genesis,and Mineral Exploration[J].Economic Geology,2010,105:971-1004.
[4]普传杰,高振敏.国内外卡林型金矿对比研究[J].云南地质,2003,22(1):27-38.
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[8]张立中,曹新志.贵州水银洞金矿床黄铁矿标型特征[J].地质找矿论丛,2010,25(2):101-106.
[9]刘建中,夏勇,邓一明,等.贵州水银洞超大型金矿床金的赋存状态再研究[J].贵州地质,2007,24(3):165-169.
[10]付绍洪,顾雪祥,王乾,等.黔西南水银洞金矿床载金黄铁矿标型特征[J].矿物学报,2004,24(1):75-80.
[11]Arehart G B,Chryssoulis S,Kesler S E.Gold and arsenic in iron sulfides from sediment-hosted micron gold deposits:Implications for depositional processes[J].Economic Geology,1993,88:171-185.
[12]陈懋弘,毛景文,陈振宇,等.滇黔桂“金三角”卡林型金矿含砷黄铁矿和毒砂的矿物学研究[J].矿床地质,2009,5:539-557.
[13]卢焕章,朱笑青,单强,等.金矿床中金与黄铁矿和毒砂的关系[J].矿床地质,2013,32(4):823-842.
[14]苏文超,张弘弢,夏斌,等.贵州水银洞卡林型金矿床首次发现大量次显微-显微可见自然金颗粒[J].矿物学报,2006,26(3):257-260.
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[17]叶先贤,万光权,孙振亚,等.黔西南卡林型金矿中超微金的微束分析研究[J].中国科学(B辑),1994,24(8):883-890.
[18]Liang J L,Sun W D,Zhu S Y,et al.Mineralogical study of sediment-hosted gold deposits in the Yangshan ore field,Western Qinling Orogen,Central China[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2014,85:40-52.
[19]Su W C,Zhang H T,Hu R Z,et al.Mineralogy and geochemistry of gold-bearing arsenian pyrite from the Shuiyindong Carlin-type gold deposit,Guizhou,China:implications for gold depositional processes[J].Mineralium Deposita,2012,47(6):653-662.
[20]李九玲,亓锋,徐庆生,等.矿物中金呈负价态存在及其转换的研究[J].中国地质科学院矿床地质研究所所刊,1997,1:123-123.
[21]张弘弢,苏文超,田建吉,等.贵州水银洞卡林型金矿床金的赋存状态初步研究[J].矿物学报,2008,28(1):17-24.
[22]高振敏,李红阳,杨竹森.滇黔地区主要类型金矿的成矿与找矿[M].北京:地质出版社,2002.
[23]宋发治.贵州水银洞金矿床地质特征及成因研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2009.
[24]胡斌,胡瑞忠,刘川勤,等.黔西南水银洞金矿床地质特征及其成矿因素分析[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2008,z1:141-145.
[25]刘建中.贵州水银洞金矿床矿石特征及金的赋存状态[J].贵州地质,2003,20(1):30-34.
[26]李志宏,杨印,彭省临,等.甘肃阳山超大型热液金矿床的成矿特征[J].大地构造与成矿学,2007,31(1):63-67.
[27]郭俊华,毛世东,陈衍景,等.甘肃文县阳山金矿田地质特征及控矿地质因素分析[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,33(2):243-252.
[28]毛世东,余金元,李建忠,等.甘肃阳山超大型金矿地质地球化学特征及矿床成因[J].四川地质学报,2012,32(增刊):50-59.
[29]齐金忠,袁士松,李莉,等.甘肃省文县阳山特大型金矿床地质特征及控矿因素分析[J].地质论评,2003,49(1):85-92.
[30]梁金龙,孙卫东,南争路,等.阳山金矿地质地球化学特征及金赋存状态[M].北京:科学出版社,2015.
[31]Reich M,Kesler S E,Utsunomiya S,et al.Solubility of gold in arsenian pyrite[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2005,69(11):2781-2796.
[32]Annick C,Jeanne P,Williams-Jones A E.Crystallographic controls on trace-element incorporation in auriferous pyrite from the Pascua epithermal high-sulfidation deposit,Chile-Argentina[J].The Canadian Mineralogist,2005,43:951-963.
[33]Deditius A P,Utsunomiya S,Renock D,et al.A proposed new type of arsenian pyrite:Composition,nanostructure and geological significance[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2008,72(12):2919-2933.
[34]李九玲,元锋,徐庆生.矿物中呈负价态之金----毒砂和含砷黄铁矿中“结合金”化学状态的进一步研究[J].自然科学进展,2002,12(9):952-958.
[35]许涛,苏妤芸,廖占丕,等.贵州水银洞含金黄铁矿中金的赋存形式[J].黄金科学技术,2013,21(5):86-92.
[36]Arehart G B,Chryssoulis S L,Kesler S E.Gold and Arsenic in Iron Sulfides from Sediment-Hosted Disseminated Gold Deposits:Implications for Depositional Processes[J].Economic Geology,1993,88:171-185.
[37]高振敏,杨竹森,李红阳,等.黄铁矿载金的原因和特征[J].高校地质学报,2000,6(2):156-162.
[38]赵珊茸主编.结晶学及矿物学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004.
[2]Lubben J D,Cline J S,Barker S L L.Ore Fuild Properties and Sources from Quartz--Associated Gold at the BetzePost Carlin-Type Gold Deposit,Nevada,United States[J].Economic Geology,2012,107:1351-1358.
[3]Almeida C M D,Olivo G R,Chouinard A,et al.Mineral Paragenesis,Alteration,and Geochemistry of the Two Types of Gold Ore and the Host Rocks from the CarlinType Deposits in the Southern Part of the Goldstrike Property,Northern Nevada:Implications for Sources of OreForming Elements,Ore Genesis,and Mineral Exploration[J].Economic Geology,2010,105:971-1004.
[4]普传杰,高振敏.国内外卡林型金矿对比研究[J].云南地质,2003,22(1):27-38.
[5]Simon G,Kesler S E,Chryssoulis S.Geochemistry and Textrures of Gold-Bearing Arsenian Pyrite,Twin Creeks,Nevada:Implication for Deposition of Gold in Carlin-Type Deposits[J].Economic Geology,1999,94:405-422.
[6]Ye Z J,Kesler S E,Essene E J,et al.Relation of Carlintype gold mineralization to lithology,structure and alteration:Screamer zone,Betze-Post deposit,Nevada[J].MIneralium Deposita,2003,38:22-38.
[7]Hickey K A,Ahmed A D,Barker S L L,et al.Fault-Controlled Lateral Fluid Flow Underneath and Into a CarlinType Gold Deposit:Isotopic and Geochemical Footprints[J].Economic Geology,2014,109:1431-1460.
[8]张立中,曹新志.贵州水银洞金矿床黄铁矿标型特征[J].地质找矿论丛,2010,25(2):101-106.
[9]刘建中,夏勇,邓一明,等.贵州水银洞超大型金矿床金的赋存状态再研究[J].贵州地质,2007,24(3):165-169.
[10]付绍洪,顾雪祥,王乾,等.黔西南水银洞金矿床载金黄铁矿标型特征[J].矿物学报,2004,24(1):75-80.
[11]Arehart G B,Chryssoulis S,Kesler S E.Gold and arsenic in iron sulfides from sediment-hosted micron gold deposits:Implications for depositional processes[J].Economic Geology,1993,88:171-185.
[12]陈懋弘,毛景文,陈振宇,等.滇黔桂“金三角”卡林型金矿含砷黄铁矿和毒砂的矿物学研究[J].矿床地质,2009,5:539-557.
[13]卢焕章,朱笑青,单强,等.金矿床中金与黄铁矿和毒砂的关系[J].矿床地质,2013,32(4):823-842.
[14]苏文超,张弘弢,夏斌,等.贵州水银洞卡林型金矿床首次发现大量次显微-显微可见自然金颗粒[J].矿物学报,2006,26(3):257-260.
[15]Su W C,Xia B,Zhang H T,et al.Visible gold in arsenian pyrite at the Shuiyindong Carlin-type gold deposit,Guizhou,China:Implications for the environment and processes of ore formation[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2008,33(3):667-679.
[16]Mao S H.Occurrence and distribution of invisible gold in a Carlin-type gold deposit in China[J].American Mineralogist,1991,76(11-12):1964-1972.
[17]叶先贤,万光权,孙振亚,等.黔西南卡林型金矿中超微金的微束分析研究[J].中国科学(B辑),1994,24(8):883-890.
[18]Liang J L,Sun W D,Zhu S Y,et al.Mineralogical study of sediment-hosted gold deposits in the Yangshan ore field,Western Qinling Orogen,Central China[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2014,85:40-52.
[19]Su W C,Zhang H T,Hu R Z,et al.Mineralogy and geochemistry of gold-bearing arsenian pyrite from the Shuiyindong Carlin-type gold deposit,Guizhou,China:implications for gold depositional processes[J].Mineralium Deposita,2012,47(6):653-662.
[20]李九玲,亓锋,徐庆生,等.矿物中金呈负价态存在及其转换的研究[J].中国地质科学院矿床地质研究所所刊,1997,1:123-123.
[21]张弘弢,苏文超,田建吉,等.贵州水银洞卡林型金矿床金的赋存状态初步研究[J].矿物学报,2008,28(1):17-24.
[22]高振敏,李红阳,杨竹森.滇黔地区主要类型金矿的成矿与找矿[M].北京:地质出版社,2002.
[23]宋发治.贵州水银洞金矿床地质特征及成因研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2009.
[24]胡斌,胡瑞忠,刘川勤,等.黔西南水银洞金矿床地质特征及其成矿因素分析[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2008,z1:141-145.
[25]刘建中.贵州水银洞金矿床矿石特征及金的赋存状态[J].贵州地质,2003,20(1):30-34.
[26]李志宏,杨印,彭省临,等.甘肃阳山超大型热液金矿床的成矿特征[J].大地构造与成矿学,2007,31(1):63-67.
[27]郭俊华,毛世东,陈衍景,等.甘肃文县阳山金矿田地质特征及控矿地质因素分析[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,33(2):243-252.
[28]毛世东,余金元,李建忠,等.甘肃阳山超大型金矿地质地球化学特征及矿床成因[J].四川地质学报,2012,32(增刊):50-59.
[29]齐金忠,袁士松,李莉,等.甘肃省文县阳山特大型金矿床地质特征及控矿因素分析[J].地质论评,2003,49(1):85-92.
[30]梁金龙,孙卫东,南争路,等.阳山金矿地质地球化学特征及金赋存状态[M].北京:科学出版社,2015.
[31]Reich M,Kesler S E,Utsunomiya S,et al.Solubility of gold in arsenian pyrite[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2005,69(11):2781-2796.
[32]Annick C,Jeanne P,Williams-Jones A E.Crystallographic controls on trace-element incorporation in auriferous pyrite from the Pascua epithermal high-sulfidation deposit,Chile-Argentina[J].The Canadian Mineralogist,2005,43:951-963.
[33]Deditius A P,Utsunomiya S,Renock D,et al.A proposed new type of arsenian pyrite:Composition,nanostructure and geological significance[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2008,72(12):2919-2933.
[34]李九玲,元锋,徐庆生.矿物中呈负价态之金----毒砂和含砷黄铁矿中“结合金”化学状态的进一步研究[J].自然科学进展,2002,12(9):952-958.
[35]许涛,苏妤芸,廖占丕,等.贵州水银洞含金黄铁矿中金的赋存形式[J].黄金科学技术,2013,21(5):86-92.
[36]Arehart G B,Chryssoulis S L,Kesler S E.Gold and Arsenic in Iron Sulfides from Sediment-Hosted Disseminated Gold Deposits:Implications for Depositional Processes[J].Economic Geology,1993,88:171-185.
[37]高振敏,杨竹森,李红阳,等.黄铁矿载金的原因和特征[J].高校地质学报,2000,6(2):156-162.
[38]赵珊茸主编.结晶学及矿物学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004.