前期维特根斯坦的逻辑哲学及其影响
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摘要
维特根斯坦在其前期著作《逻辑哲学论》中阐述了他的逻辑哲学,其核心思想为:逻辑命题是重言式。这种逻辑哲学以其新颖和简洁受到了广泛关注,并产生了巨大影响。维特根斯坦本人在其后期哲学研究中,很快意识到了前期逻辑哲学存在的问题并作了自我批判。逻辑实证主义者吸取了这种逻辑哲学的思想成果,并发展出饱受批评的约定论逻辑哲学。前期维特根斯坦的逻辑哲学因此受到了牵连。一旦我们将这种逻辑哲学放回到《逻辑哲学论》的整体思想框架之内,并结合它对前人思想的推进加以把握,便有望获得关于其历史价值的公正评价。
In his early work Tractatus,Wittgenstein set forth his philosophy of logic.Its key point is that the logical propositions are tautologies.Due to its novelty and simplicity,his theory received wide attention and had a tremendous impact.However,in his later philosophical investigation,Wittgenstein realized that his early philosophy of logic is seriously flawed and made much self-criticism.The logical positivists absorbed the achievements of his philosophy of logic and developed a kind of conventionalist philosophy of logic,which caused much criticism.His philosophy of logic was thus compromised.The present paper argues that only by putting it back into the thought framework of Tractatus,and taking its theoretical advancement into account,might we have an appropriate assessment of the historical value of his philosophy of logic.
In his early work Tractatus,Wittgenstein set forth his philosophy of logic.Its key point is that the logical propositions are tautologies.Due to its novelty and simplicity,his theory received wide attention and had a tremendous impact.However,in his later philosophical investigation,Wittgenstein realized that his early philosophy of logic is seriously flawed and made much self-criticism.The logical positivists absorbed the achievements of his philosophy of logic and developed a kind of conventionalist philosophy of logic,which caused much criticism.His philosophy of logic was thus compromised.The present paper argues that only by putting it back into the thought framework of Tractatus,and taking its theoretical advancement into account,might we have an appropriate assessment of the historical value of his philosophy of logic.
引文
[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][14][15][16][19][35][36][37][38][英]维特根斯坦:《逻辑哲学论及其他》,陈启伟译,北京:商务印书馆,2014年,第77-78、77、86、80、81、61、59-60、44-45、81-82、82、83、32、56、28、91、80、80-81、7、73页。
[12][英]罗素:《逻辑哲学论·导言》,载于《逻辑哲学论》,贺绍甲译,北京:商务印书馆,1996年,第11页。
[13]Frank Ramsey,“Critical Notice of the Tractatus”,reprinted in Ludwig Wittgenstein,Critical Assessment,vol.1,ed.Stuart Shanker,Routledge,1996,pp.39-40.
[17][奥]纽拉特:《科学的世界观:维也纳小组》,王玉北译,载《哲学译丛》,1994年,第41页。
[18][奥]哈勒:《新实证主义》,韩林合译,北京:商务印书馆,1998年,第113页。
[20][21][33][34]洪谦主编:《逻辑经验主义》,北京:商务印书馆,1989年,第135、37、673、693页。
[22][23][英]维特根斯坦:《哲学研究》,陈嘉映译,上海:上海人民出版社,2001年,第67、70页。
[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][英]威廉·涅尔、玛莎·涅尔:《逻辑学的发展》,张家龙、洪汉鼎译,北京:商务印书馆,1985年,第788、789、790、190-791、793、25、73、75、7页。
[39][40]P.M.S.Hacker,Wittgenstein’s Place in Twentieth-century Analytic Philosophy,Blackwell Publishers,1996,pp.47,50.
[12][英]罗素:《逻辑哲学论·导言》,载于《逻辑哲学论》,贺绍甲译,北京:商务印书馆,1996年,第11页。
[13]Frank Ramsey,“Critical Notice of the Tractatus”,reprinted in Ludwig Wittgenstein,Critical Assessment,vol.1,ed.Stuart Shanker,Routledge,1996,pp.39-40.
[17][奥]纽拉特:《科学的世界观:维也纳小组》,王玉北译,载《哲学译丛》,1994年,第41页。
[18][奥]哈勒:《新实证主义》,韩林合译,北京:商务印书馆,1998年,第113页。
[20][21][33][34]洪谦主编:《逻辑经验主义》,北京:商务印书馆,1989年,第135、37、673、693页。
[22][23][英]维特根斯坦:《哲学研究》,陈嘉映译,上海:上海人民出版社,2001年,第67、70页。
[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][英]威廉·涅尔、玛莎·涅尔:《逻辑学的发展》,张家龙、洪汉鼎译,北京:商务印书馆,1985年,第788、789、790、190-791、793、25、73、75、7页。
[39][40]P.M.S.Hacker,Wittgenstein’s Place in Twentieth-century Analytic Philosophy,Blackwell Publishers,1996,pp.47,50.