覆盖方式对信阳五月鲜桃果园土壤和树体光合特性的影响
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摘要
为了筛选出适宜豫南地区的信阳五月鲜桃果园节水覆盖措施,以5年生桃树为试材,研究了覆膜、覆草覆膜、棚内覆草、棚内清耕4种地表管理措施对信阳五月鲜桃果园土壤含水量和树体光合特性的影响。结果表明:不同地表管理措施均能够显著减少地表水分蒸发,提高水分利用效率,避雨栽培和覆草处理可有效降低土壤温度;避雨栽培措施下信阳五月鲜桃叶片的光合速率日变化由露地的"双峰"曲线变为"单峰"曲线;棚内覆草能够有效提高信阳五月鲜桃叶片光合速率,减轻由遮光带来的群体光照强度降低,叶片光合速率下降的负面影响;棚内覆草措施下果实可溶性固形物含量明显下降。
In order to screen out some water-saving mulch measures suitable for Xinyang Wuyuexian Peach orchard in southern Henan, using 5-year-old peach trees as test materials, effects of four kinds of surface management measures on soil moisture content and photosynthetic characteristics of trees in Xinyang Wuyuexian Peach orchard, including mulching film, mulching straw and film, mulching straw in shed, and tillage in shed. The results showed that different surface management measures could significantly reduce surface evaporation and improve water use efficiency. Rainshelter and mulching straw treatment could effectively reduce soil temperature. Diurnal variation of photosynthetic rate of Xinyang Wuyuexian Peach leaves under rain-shelter cultivation measures changed from a double-peak curve in open field to a single-peak curve. Mulching straw in shed could effectively improve photosynthetic rate of Xinyang Wuyuexian Peach and alleviate negative impacts of decreasing group light intensity and leaf photosynthetic rates caused by shading.Soluble solids content was significantly decreased under the condition of mulching straw in shed.
In order to screen out some water-saving mulch measures suitable for Xinyang Wuyuexian Peach orchard in southern Henan, using 5-year-old peach trees as test materials, effects of four kinds of surface management measures on soil moisture content and photosynthetic characteristics of trees in Xinyang Wuyuexian Peach orchard, including mulching film, mulching straw and film, mulching straw in shed, and tillage in shed. The results showed that different surface management measures could significantly reduce surface evaporation and improve water use efficiency. Rainshelter and mulching straw treatment could effectively reduce soil temperature. Diurnal variation of photosynthetic rate of Xinyang Wuyuexian Peach leaves under rain-shelter cultivation measures changed from a double-peak curve in open field to a single-peak curve. Mulching straw in shed could effectively improve photosynthetic rate of Xinyang Wuyuexian Peach and alleviate negative impacts of decreasing group light intensity and leaf photosynthetic rates caused by shading.Soluble solids content was significantly decreased under the condition of mulching straw in shed.
引文
[1]赵师成,阎腾飞,王富河.信阳五月鲜桃根系生长发育规律及其与地上部生长的相关性[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(8):212-219.
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[5]廖小龙.不同土壤覆盖方式对库尔勒香梨园微气候及生长发育的影响[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2014.
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[12]王小红,宋雷,陈红,等.套袋及地表覆膜对镇远桃果实品质的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(16):116-118.
[13]王海波,杨建民,李慧峰,等.覆膜对鲁星油桃和春雪桃果实品质和糖酸组分的影响[J].山东农业科学,2013,45(1):67-69.
[14]王新新,左继林,喻苏琴,等.覆盖对盛果期油茶树体氮素养分分配的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2018,38(9):34-40.
[15]裴斌,张光灿,张淑勇,等.土壤干旱胁迫对沙棘叶片光合作用和抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(5):1386-1396.
[16]王志强,何方,牛良,等.设施栽培油桃光合特性研究[J].园艺学报,2000,27(4):245-250.
[17]陈汝,黄永业,季兴录,等.不同覆盖材料对烟富10果园土壤、叶片及果实品质的影响[J].天津农业科学,2017,24(2):45-47.
[18]郝建博,陈海江,曹洪波,等.遮荫对燕红桃光合作用及果实品质的影响[J].河南农业科学,2014,43(9):116-120.
[19]熊江,卢晓鹏,李静,等.水分胁迫对果实品质的影响研究进展[J].湖南农业科学,2014(18):56-60.
[20]张义,谢永生.不同覆盖措施下苹果园土壤水文差异[J].草业学报,2011,20(2):85-92.
[21]刘鹏,刘庆忠,孙清荣,等.栽培措施对果树光合作用的影响[J].落叶果树,2004,36(1):16-19.
[22]孙立涛,王玉,丁兆堂.地表覆盖对茶园土壤水分、养分变化及茶树生长的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(9):2291-2296.
[23]甘金佳,蒋永元,毛玲莉,等.栽培基质、覆盖稻草和避雨措施对金线莲成活率及生长的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2016,44(12):114-116.
[2]赵师成,范阳阳.五月鲜桃无公害标准化栽培技术[J].江苏农业科学,2013,41(10):122-124.
[3]阎腾飞,赵师成,李文杨.不同土壤水分对信阳五月鲜桃光合作用日变化的影响[J].经济林研究,2018,36(3):176-181.
[4]李艳丽,赵化兵,谢凯,等.不同土壤管理方式对梨园土壤微生物及养分含量的影响[J].土壤,2012,44(5):788-793.
[5]廖小龙.不同土壤覆盖方式对库尔勒香梨园微气候及生长发育的影响[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2014.
[6]王金锋.不同覆盖方式对渭北苹果园土壤水分、温度及产量品质的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2015.
[7]高登涛,魏志峰,孙共明,等.地面覆盖对豫北旱塬苹果园土壤性状及树体生长的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(31):60-67.
[8]程来亮,罗新书.覆草、覆膜对苹果叶片光合速率日变化的影响[J].果树学报,1991(3):135-138.
[9]兰印超,申丽霞,李若帆.不同地膜覆盖对土壤温度及水分的影响[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(12):120-126.
[10]彭超,陈月华,吴际友.不同地表覆盖对地表温度、湿度和土壤水分的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2014,34(4):54-58.
[11]尹晓宁,马明.不同覆盖条件对陇东旱塬苹果园土壤水分及果实品质的影响[J].经济林研究,2012,30(1):34-39.
[12]王小红,宋雷,陈红,等.套袋及地表覆膜对镇远桃果实品质的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(16):116-118.
[13]王海波,杨建民,李慧峰,等.覆膜对鲁星油桃和春雪桃果实品质和糖酸组分的影响[J].山东农业科学,2013,45(1):67-69.
[14]王新新,左继林,喻苏琴,等.覆盖对盛果期油茶树体氮素养分分配的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2018,38(9):34-40.
[15]裴斌,张光灿,张淑勇,等.土壤干旱胁迫对沙棘叶片光合作用和抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(5):1386-1396.
[16]王志强,何方,牛良,等.设施栽培油桃光合特性研究[J].园艺学报,2000,27(4):245-250.
[17]陈汝,黄永业,季兴录,等.不同覆盖材料对烟富10果园土壤、叶片及果实品质的影响[J].天津农业科学,2017,24(2):45-47.
[18]郝建博,陈海江,曹洪波,等.遮荫对燕红桃光合作用及果实品质的影响[J].河南农业科学,2014,43(9):116-120.
[19]熊江,卢晓鹏,李静,等.水分胁迫对果实品质的影响研究进展[J].湖南农业科学,2014(18):56-60.
[20]张义,谢永生.不同覆盖措施下苹果园土壤水文差异[J].草业学报,2011,20(2):85-92.
[21]刘鹏,刘庆忠,孙清荣,等.栽培措施对果树光合作用的影响[J].落叶果树,2004,36(1):16-19.
[22]孙立涛,王玉,丁兆堂.地表覆盖对茶园土壤水分、养分变化及茶树生长的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(9):2291-2296.
[23]甘金佳,蒋永元,毛玲莉,等.栽培基质、覆盖稻草和避雨措施对金线莲成活率及生长的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2016,44(12):114-116.