胶东金矿陆内构造岩浆核杂岩隆起-拆离带蚀变成矿
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摘要
胶东金矿是全球级别的大型金矿床,与世界范围内绿岩带型金矿明显不同,矿床以中生代强烈活化改造绿岩带的壳源深熔花岗岩为成矿岩体,具有地台构造活化的独特成矿特征。前人注重板块俯冲、造山作用等构造环境研究,但这里需要强调的是,胶东金矿在陆内构造环境中形成。本文特别注重岩浆侵入作用及其热液交代蚀变成矿的这一特殊过程。研究开展野外观测,依据五条1∶5万长达220km的实测剖面,编制了胶东莱州—招远地区1∶25万构造蚀变岩相成矿图,并由此提出"胶东陆内构造岩浆核杂岩隆起-拆离带蚀变"的成矿模式。此模式认为,在东亚区域反钟向剪切构造体制下,构造应力场首先引起莫霍面的变化和起伏,形成了北东向和斜列展布的地幔隆起和凹陷。这一壳幔结构的变化控制了中生代交代重熔岩浆发育的区带。例如,胶西北莫霍面凹陷区带,发育北北东分布的玲珑杂岩体。花岗岩的成岩构造测量与分析显示,形成了"玲珑花岗杂岩核"及其岩浆穹隆构造。在胶东群等变质岩与花岗岩的接触带叠加了区域剪切断裂破碎带,断裂破碎带的构造测量表明,它们在岩浆固结期或更晚发育了上盘下滑的正断层活动。就是在这些剪切拆离带,形成了多期次、多方向构造破碎且同步发生了大规模的岩浆期后热液交代蚀变成矿作用。在胶东西北部宽达1.5km或更宽的断裂破碎同步叠加的热液交代蚀变作用,形成了巨大的"玲珑-焦家式"石英脉-蚀变岩金矿床。这一"陆内岩浆核杂岩隆起-拆离带"成矿模式不仅对胶东金矿成矿研究具有推动作用,而且可以指导多层次深部外围找矿。
The Jiaodong gold mine has a world-class large gold deposit.Different from the greenstone-belt type gold mine,it contains ore-forming anatexis granite of crust origin as a result of Mesozoic activation and transformation;and underwent an unique mineralization brought by platform tectono-magmatic activation.Previous researchers lay emphasis on the study of plate subduction and orogeny,but here they also need to consider the intra-continental tectonic environment and magmatic intrusion,as well as the special process of the late stress-relaxation induced hydrothermal metasomatic metallogenesis of Jiaodong gold deposit.Selecting five 1∶50000 geological-sections of 220 km in total length,we carried out field observations and completed the 1∶250000tectonical lithofacies metallogenic map of the Jiaodong Laizhou-Zhaoyuan region.Here we present the metallogenic model of"mineralization of tectono-magmatic upheaval-hydrothermal alteration in detachment zone".In this model,in the counterclockwise shearing structures of East Asia region,Moho fluctuation induced by the tectonic stress field first brought about the North-East mantlebulge and mantleshrinkage,where Moho distribution controlled the concentrated development zone of Mesozoic metasomatism molten magma.Next,as shown by the diagenetic structural measurement and analysis of granites,the tectonic magmatic dome formed with the Linglong granite body at its core,and regional shear fracture zone developed in the contact zone between metamorphic rocks and granites in Jiaodong groups.In later times,the shear zone developed normal faulting from the sliding of the hanging wall,and a large-scale post-magmatic hydrothermal replacement-alteration occurred at the shear detachment zone,as illustrated by the structural measurement of fracture zone.In the final step,in a 1.5km wide or wider fractured rock zone,superimposed hydrothermal metasomatic alteration formed the huge Linglong-Jiaojia-type quartz vein-altered rock type gold mine.This new metallogenetic model not only has a role in promoting studies on the metallogenesis of the Jiaodong gold mine,it can also guide the deep peripheral mine explorations.
The Jiaodong gold mine has a world-class large gold deposit.Different from the greenstone-belt type gold mine,it contains ore-forming anatexis granite of crust origin as a result of Mesozoic activation and transformation;and underwent an unique mineralization brought by platform tectono-magmatic activation.Previous researchers lay emphasis on the study of plate subduction and orogeny,but here they also need to consider the intra-continental tectonic environment and magmatic intrusion,as well as the special process of the late stress-relaxation induced hydrothermal metasomatic metallogenesis of Jiaodong gold deposit.Selecting five 1∶50000 geological-sections of 220 km in total length,we carried out field observations and completed the 1∶250000tectonical lithofacies metallogenic map of the Jiaodong Laizhou-Zhaoyuan region.Here we present the metallogenic model of"mineralization of tectono-magmatic upheaval-hydrothermal alteration in detachment zone".In this model,in the counterclockwise shearing structures of East Asia region,Moho fluctuation induced by the tectonic stress field first brought about the North-East mantlebulge and mantleshrinkage,where Moho distribution controlled the concentrated development zone of Mesozoic metasomatism molten magma.Next,as shown by the diagenetic structural measurement and analysis of granites,the tectonic magmatic dome formed with the Linglong granite body at its core,and regional shear fracture zone developed in the contact zone between metamorphic rocks and granites in Jiaodong groups.In later times,the shear zone developed normal faulting from the sliding of the hanging wall,and a large-scale post-magmatic hydrothermal replacement-alteration occurred at the shear detachment zone,as illustrated by the structural measurement of fracture zone.In the final step,in a 1.5km wide or wider fractured rock zone,superimposed hydrothermal metasomatic alteration formed the huge Linglong-Jiaojia-type quartz vein-altered rock type gold mine.This new metallogenetic model not only has a role in promoting studies on the metallogenesis of the Jiaodong gold mine,it can also guide the deep peripheral mine explorations.
引文
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[3]陈衍景,PIRAJNO F,赖勇,等.胶东矿集区大规模成矿时间和构造环境[J].岩石学报,2004,20(4):908-918.
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[8]ZHOU T H,LU G X.Tectonics,granitoids and Mesozoic gold deposits in East Shandong,China[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2000(16):71-90.
[9]牛树银,孙爱群,张建珍,等.胶东西北部金矿集中区深部控矿构造探讨[J].地质学报,2011,85(7):1094-1105.
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[14]宋明春,崔书学,伊丕厚,等.胶西北金矿集中区深部大型-超大型金矿找矿与成矿模式[M].北京:地质出版社,2010:1-346.
[15]吕古贤,武际春,崔书学,等.胶东玲珑金矿田地质[M].北京:科学出版社,2013:1-633.
[16]吕古贤.胶东半岛构造-岩相形式及玲珑-焦家式金矿的构造动力成岩地质特征研究[D].北京:中国地质科学院,1989:1-151.
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[19]周伟新,万天丰.玲珑花岗岩体的变形磁组构特征及其与金矿的关系[J].地质科学,2000,35(4):385-393.
[20]管志宁.地磁场与磁力勘探[M].北京:地质出版社,2005:1-309.
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[22]宋明春.山东省大地构造单元组成背景和演化[J].地质调查与研究,2008,31(3):165-175.
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[25]武际春,吕古贤,霍庆龙,等.胶东玲珑金矿田构造蚀变岩测量与成矿预测[J].地学前缘,2015,22(4):89-96.
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[27]裘有守,王孔海,杨广华,等.山东招远-掖县地区金矿区域成矿条件[M].沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,1988:1-268.
[28]姚凤良.华北陆台北缘带金矿类型及成矿条件[J].黄金科技动态,1991(11):26-32.
[29]宋明春,伊丕厚,崔书学,等.胶东金矿“热隆-伸展”成矿理论及其找矿意义[J].山东国土资源,2013,29(7):1-12.
[30]苗来成,罗镇宽,黄佳展,等.山东招掖金矿带内花岗岩侵入体锆石SHRIMP研究及其意义[J].中国科学,1997,27(3):207-213.
[31]苗来成,朱成伟,翟裕生,等.山东招掖金矿带内花岗岩与金矿化关系探讨[J].黄金地质,1999,5(4):7-11.
[32]王义文,朱奉三,宫润潭.胶东金矿集中区金矿成矿年代学研究[J].黄金地质,2002,8(4):49-55.
[33]刘玄,范宏瑞,胡芳芳,等.胶东大庄子金矿成矿流体及稳定同位素研究[J].矿床地质,2011,30(4):678-686.
[34]曲晓明,王鹤年,饶冰.胶东群部分熔化实验及其对花岗岩成因的指示[J].地球化学,2000,29(2):153-161.
[35]许谱林,吕古贤,张迎春,等.胶东焦家断裂蚀变岩带韧-脆性变形定量化研究[J].地学前缘,2015,22(4):97-103.
[36]霍庆龙.胶西北中生代陆内岩浆核杂岩拆离-滑脱带成矿与深部预测[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2014:1-77.
[37]范潇,吕古贤,王宗永,等.焦家金矿田构造蚀变岩填图及其地球化学特征分析[J].地学前缘,2015,22(4):46-52.
[2]黄汲清.中国地质构造基本特征的初步总结[J].地质学报,1960,40(1):3-26.
[3]陈衍景,PIRAJNO F,赖勇,等.胶东矿集区大规模成矿时间和构造环境[J].岩石学报,2004,20(4):908-918.
[4]陈衍景,翟明国,蒋少涌.华北大陆边缘造山过程与成矿研究的重要进展和问题[J].岩石学报,2009,25(11):2701-2713.
[5]胡受奚,赵懿英,徐金方,等.华北地台金矿地质[M].北京:科学出版社,1997:1-220.
[6]蒋少涌,戴宝章,姜耀辉,等.胶东和小秦岭:两类不同构造环境中的造山型金矿省[J].岩石学报,2009,25(11):2728-2735.
[7]YANG J H,WU F Y,WILDE S A.A review of the geodynamic setting of large-scale Late Mesozoic gold mineralization in the North China Craton:an association with lithospheric thinning[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2003(23):123-152.
[8]ZHOU T H,LU G X.Tectonics,granitoids and Mesozoic gold deposits in East Shandong,China[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2000(16):71-90.
[9]牛树银,孙爱群,张建珍,等.胶东西北部金矿集中区深部控矿构造探讨[J].地质学报,2011,85(7):1094-1105.
[10]孙景贵,胡受奚,赵懿英,等.初论胶东地区金矿成矿模式[J].矿床地质,2000,19(1):31-34.
[11]杜乐天.烃碱流体地球化学原理:重论热液作用和岩浆作用[M].北京:科学出版社,1996:91-99.
[12]沈保丰,骆辉,李双保,等.华北陆台太古宙绿岩带地质与成矿[M].北京:地质出版社,1994:1-202.
[13]翟明国,范宏瑞,杨进辉,等.非造山带型金矿:胶东型金矿的陆内成矿作用[J].地学前缘,2004,11(1):92-94.
[14]宋明春,崔书学,伊丕厚,等.胶西北金矿集中区深部大型-超大型金矿找矿与成矿模式[M].北京:地质出版社,2010:1-346.
[15]吕古贤,武际春,崔书学,等.胶东玲珑金矿田地质[M].北京:科学出版社,2013:1-633.
[16]吕古贤.胶东半岛构造-岩相形式及玲珑-焦家式金矿的构造动力成岩地质特征研究[D].北京:中国地质科学院,1989:1-151.
[17]杨敏之,吕古贤.胶东绿岩带金矿地质地球化学[M].北京:地质出版社,1996:1-228.
[18]吕承训,吴淦国,MAERZ N H,等.胶东区域断裂蚀变岩带构造-流体成矿特征[J].地学前缘,2015,22(4):113-115.
[19]周伟新,万天丰.玲珑花岗岩体的变形磁组构特征及其与金矿的关系[J].地质科学,2000,35(4):385-393.
[20]管志宁.地磁场与磁力勘探[M].北京:地质出版社,2005:1-309.
[21]周伟新,万天丰.崔召花岗岩岩体的磁组构特征及其构造侵位意义[J].岩石学报,1999,15(1):83-87.
[22]宋明春.山东省大地构造单元组成背景和演化[J].地质调查与研究,2008,31(3):165-175.
[23]李士先,刘长春,安郁宏,等.胶东金矿地质[M].北京:地质出版社,2007:1-423.
[24]顾留成,万国普,段林祥.胶东破碎带蚀变岩型金矿床的地质-地球物理-地球化学模型及评价指标研究[M].济南:山东科学技术出版社,1996.
[25]武际春,吕古贤,霍庆龙,等.胶东玲珑金矿田构造蚀变岩测量与成矿预测[J].地学前缘,2015,22(4):89-96.
[26]吕古贤,林文蔚,罗元华,等.构造物理化学与金矿成矿预测[M].北京:地质出版社,1999:1-400.
[27]裘有守,王孔海,杨广华,等.山东招远-掖县地区金矿区域成矿条件[M].沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,1988:1-268.
[28]姚凤良.华北陆台北缘带金矿类型及成矿条件[J].黄金科技动态,1991(11):26-32.
[29]宋明春,伊丕厚,崔书学,等.胶东金矿“热隆-伸展”成矿理论及其找矿意义[J].山东国土资源,2013,29(7):1-12.
[30]苗来成,罗镇宽,黄佳展,等.山东招掖金矿带内花岗岩侵入体锆石SHRIMP研究及其意义[J].中国科学,1997,27(3):207-213.
[31]苗来成,朱成伟,翟裕生,等.山东招掖金矿带内花岗岩与金矿化关系探讨[J].黄金地质,1999,5(4):7-11.
[32]王义文,朱奉三,宫润潭.胶东金矿集中区金矿成矿年代学研究[J].黄金地质,2002,8(4):49-55.
[33]刘玄,范宏瑞,胡芳芳,等.胶东大庄子金矿成矿流体及稳定同位素研究[J].矿床地质,2011,30(4):678-686.
[34]曲晓明,王鹤年,饶冰.胶东群部分熔化实验及其对花岗岩成因的指示[J].地球化学,2000,29(2):153-161.
[35]许谱林,吕古贤,张迎春,等.胶东焦家断裂蚀变岩带韧-脆性变形定量化研究[J].地学前缘,2015,22(4):97-103.
[36]霍庆龙.胶西北中生代陆内岩浆核杂岩拆离-滑脱带成矿与深部预测[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2014:1-77.
[37]范潇,吕古贤,王宗永,等.焦家金矿田构造蚀变岩填图及其地球化学特征分析[J].地学前缘,2015,22(4):46-52.