在华非洲黑种人艾滋病传播风险分析
|
摘要
目的了解在华非洲黑种人艾滋病的传播风险。方法采用问卷调查的方式对在华非洲黑种人进行面对面的调查,收集其对艾滋病的认知、高危性行为以及与当地居民的社会交往信息,以描述分析其艾滋病的传播风险。结果在艾滋病的认知方面,16.3%(17/104)的非洲黑种人不知道艾滋病会通过母亲怀孕传染给胎儿,15.5%(16/103)的人不清楚使用安全套能预防艾滋病,22.3%(23/103)的人不知道只与一个性伙伴发生性行为可以减少艾滋病传播。在高危性行为方面,过去6个月内发生性行为的非洲黑种人中,37.5%(9/24)的人性行为对象非配偶或情侣,41.7%(10/24)的人性伴数不止一个。30.8%(32/104)的非洲黑种人从来不使用安全套,1.0%(1/104)的人发生过男男性行为,4.8%(5/104)的人有过吸毒行为。在社会交往方面,55.3%(57/103)的非洲黑种人经常参加中国人的活动,34.0%(35/103)的人在居住地以外的城市居住过(3个月以上),平均每个非洲黑种人的中国朋友数为5名,67.3%(70/104)的非洲黑种人空闲时间与朋友聚会。结论在华非洲黑种人对艾滋病认知混杂,性伴多样,无保护性行为普遍存在,加强对在华非洲黑种人艾滋病防治和干预新模式的探索,对减少艾滋病的传播风险显得尤为重要。
Objective To understand the risks of HIV transmission among black African migrants living in China.Methods A structured questionnaire survey was conducted among black African migrants living in China.The social and behavioral information were collected to analyze the risks of HIV transmission including knowledge on HIV/AIDS,high-risk sexual behavior,and interaction with local residents.Results In the aspect of HIV/AIDS knowledge,16.3%(17/104)did not know that HIV would be transmitted from mother to child during the pregnancy;15.5%(16/103)did not know that condom use could prevent HIV transmission;and 22.3%(23/103)did not know that intercourse with only one partner could reduce the risks of HIV transmission.Among black Africans who had sex in the past six months,37.5%(9/24)had sex with a partner other than a spouse or lover;41.7%(10/24)had more than one sexual partners.30.8%(32/104)never used condoms;1.0%(1/104)had homosexual behavior and 4.8%(5/104)were drug abusers.In terms of social interaction,55.3%(57/103)of Africans often participated in social activities with Chinese;34.0%(35/103)had lived in other Chinese cities instead of residence more than three months.The average number of Chinese friends per African was 5,and 67.3%(70/104)of them spent spare time with friends.Conclusion Black African migrants living in China have different understanding of HIV/AIDS knowledge,multiple sexual partners and widespread unprotected sexual behavior.It is important to strengthen HIV/AIDS prevention and explore new intervention for them in China,so as to reduce the risks of HIV transmission.
Objective To understand the risks of HIV transmission among black African migrants living in China.Methods A structured questionnaire survey was conducted among black African migrants living in China.The social and behavioral information were collected to analyze the risks of HIV transmission including knowledge on HIV/AIDS,high-risk sexual behavior,and interaction with local residents.Results In the aspect of HIV/AIDS knowledge,16.3%(17/104)did not know that HIV would be transmitted from mother to child during the pregnancy;15.5%(16/103)did not know that condom use could prevent HIV transmission;and 22.3%(23/103)did not know that intercourse with only one partner could reduce the risks of HIV transmission.Among black Africans who had sex in the past six months,37.5%(9/24)had sex with a partner other than a spouse or lover;41.7%(10/24)had more than one sexual partners.30.8%(32/104)never used condoms;1.0%(1/104)had homosexual behavior and 4.8%(5/104)were drug abusers.In terms of social interaction,55.3%(57/103)of Africans often participated in social activities with Chinese;34.0%(35/103)had lived in other Chinese cities instead of residence more than three months.The average number of Chinese friends per African was 5,and 67.3%(70/104)of them spent spare time with friends.Conclusion Black African migrants living in China have different understanding of HIV/AIDS knowledge,multiple sexual partners and widespread unprotected sexual behavior.It is important to strengthen HIV/AIDS prevention and explore new intervention for them in China,so as to reduce the risks of HIV transmission.
引文
[1]王毅,李六林,樊静,等.男男性行为者流动人口现状及与艾滋病相关因素的关系[J].预防医学情报杂志,2018,34(8):1074-1079.
[2]Gould WTS.Knowledge,Behavior,and Culture:HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa[M].Ethnic and Cultural Dimensions of Knowledge.Berlin:Springer International Publishing,2016:275-292.
[3]柳林,梁玉成,宋广文,等.在粤非洲黑种人的迁居状况及其影响因素分析---来自广州、佛山市的调查[J].中国人口科学,2015,35(1):115-122.
[4]博艾敦,李安山,田开芳,等.非洲黑种人在中国:社会文化研究及其对非洲-中国关系的影响[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2018:14-44.
[5]凌莉,萨拉,张术芳,等.中国人口流动与健康[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2015:393-411.
[6]Zoboli F,Martinelli D,Di MS,et al.Correlation between knowledge on transmission and prevention of HIV/STI and proficiency in condom use among male migrants from Africa and Middle East evaluated by a Condom Use Skills score using a wooden penile model[J].Bmc Res Notes,2017,10(1):216.
[7]Henry AT,Trotter J,Zellner T,et al.Outcomes of a Behavioral Intervention to Increase Condom Use and Reduce HIV Risk A-mong Urban African American Young Adults[J].Health Promot Pract,2016,17(5):751.
[8]张亮,张庆鹏.非洲人在广州---跨境迁移者的口述史[M].北京:知识产权出版社,2017:92-106.
[2]Gould WTS.Knowledge,Behavior,and Culture:HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa[M].Ethnic and Cultural Dimensions of Knowledge.Berlin:Springer International Publishing,2016:275-292.
[3]柳林,梁玉成,宋广文,等.在粤非洲黑种人的迁居状况及其影响因素分析---来自广州、佛山市的调查[J].中国人口科学,2015,35(1):115-122.
[4]博艾敦,李安山,田开芳,等.非洲黑种人在中国:社会文化研究及其对非洲-中国关系的影响[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2018:14-44.
[5]凌莉,萨拉,张术芳,等.中国人口流动与健康[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2015:393-411.
[6]Zoboli F,Martinelli D,Di MS,et al.Correlation between knowledge on transmission and prevention of HIV/STI and proficiency in condom use among male migrants from Africa and Middle East evaluated by a Condom Use Skills score using a wooden penile model[J].Bmc Res Notes,2017,10(1):216.
[7]Henry AT,Trotter J,Zellner T,et al.Outcomes of a Behavioral Intervention to Increase Condom Use and Reduce HIV Risk A-mong Urban African American Young Adults[J].Health Promot Pract,2016,17(5):751.
[8]张亮,张庆鹏.非洲人在广州---跨境迁移者的口述史[M].北京:知识产权出版社,2017:92-106.