摘要
【目的】中国沙棘灌丛是川西高原岷江上游重要的植被类型,本文旨在了解岷江上游不同气候植被区域海拔对中国沙棘灌丛土壤养分的影响。【方法】在米亚罗和川主寺区域,分别测定了2450~3050 m和2870~3550 m海拔下土壤C、N、P含量及其比值。【结果】①2个区域C、N、P含量随海拔的变化有所差异,在米亚罗2900 m以下随海拔升高而增加,以上呈波动变化,而在川主寺随海拔升高呈波动下降;②2个区域土壤C∶N和C∶P随着海拔升高的变化与C、N、P变化一致,而N∶P仅在川主寺与N相关,其随海拔变化与C、P无关;③2个区域土壤C、N、P化学计量中,碳含量均相对较高,具有较高的C∶N比值,磷元素相对偏多,具有较低N∶P;【结论】中国沙棘灌丛土壤养分随海拔变化的差异与不同区域降水量、温度以及植被差异有关,土壤养分中氮元素可能是一个重要的限制因子,根瘤菌的固氮作用是中国沙棘林下土壤氮源的重要补充。
【Objective】Hippophae rhamnoides L., an important vegetation type in Upper Min River, plays an important role in ecological protection and the restoration and reconstruction of degraded ecosystem in the region. The present paper was conducted to understand the effect of elevation on soil nutrient content and stoichiometric characteristics under H. rhamnoides shrubs. 【Method】The total organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus were measured, and the C∶P, C∶N, N∶P were determined along the altitude of 2450-3050 m and 2870-3550 m in Miyaluo region and Chuanzhusi region. 【Result】(i) C, N and P increased gradually below 2900 m with the increase of altitude, and undulate changed above 2900 m in Miyaluo, while in Chuanzhusi, C, N, P fluctuating decline with elevation;(ii) The change of C∶N and C∶P in the two regions was consistent with the changes of C, N and P, while N∶P was only related to N in Chuanzhusi, it was not related to C and P with the change of altitude.(iii) in H. rhamnoides shrubs soil, the C∶ N∶ P stoichiometry showed more total organic carbon with relatively high C∶ N ratio, and relatively more phosphorus content with low N∶ P ratio;【Conclusion】The difference of nutrients with altitude in H. rhamnoides shrubs soil was related to the difference of precipitation, temperature and vegetation in different regions. Nitrogen might be an important limiting factor, thus the nitrogen fixation by Rhizobium in the root of H. rhamnoides was an important supplement to the soil nitrogen source in the forest.
引文
[1]Vitousek P M,Mooney H A,Lubchenco J,et al.Human domination of Earth’s ecosystems[J].Science,1997,25(5325):494-499.
[2]王绍强,于贵瑞.生态系统碳氮磷元素的生态化学计量学特征[J].生态学报,2008,28(8):3937-3947.
[3]冯德枫,包维楷.土壤碳氮磷化学计量比时空格局及影响因素研究进展[J].应用与环境生物学报,2017(2):400-408.
[4]刘世梁,傅伯杰,马克明,等.岷江上游高原植被类型与景观特征对土壤性质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(1):26-30.
[5]谭波,吴福忠,杨万勤,等.雪被去除对川西高山森林冬季土壤温度及碳、氮、磷动态的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(10):2553-2559.
[6]宫立,刘国华,李宗善,等.川西卧龙岷江冷杉林土壤有机碳组分与氮素关系随海拔梯度的变化特征[J].生态学报,2017,37(14):4696-4705.
[7]张丽,吴福忠,徐振锋,等.川西高山森林不同时期土壤转化酶和脲酶活性模拟气候变暖的响应[J].生态学报,2017,37(16):5352-5360.
[8]程根伟,罗辑.贡嘎山亚高山森林自然演替特征与模拟[J].生态学报,2002,22(7):1049-1056.
[9]Campbell B D,Grime J P.A comparative study of plant responsiveness to the duration of episodes of mineral nutrient enrichment[J].New Phytologist,1989,112(2):261-267.
[10]张广帅,邓浩俊,杜锟,等.泥石流频发区山地不同海拔土壤化学计量特征——以云南省小江流域为例[J].生态学报,2016,36(3):675-687.
[11]党亚爱,李世清,王国栋,等.黄土高原典型土壤全氮和微生物氮剖面分布特征研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(6):1020-1027.
[12]白军红,邓伟,朱颜明,等.霍林河流域湿地土壤碳氮空间分布特征及生态效应[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(9):1494-1498.
[13]张一平,张昭辉,何云玲.岷江上游气候立体分布特征[J].山地学报,2004,22(2):179-183.
[14]游传兵.岷江上游山地森林—干旱河谷交错带植被与土壤水分分布格局研究[D].雅安:四川农业大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[15]赵钦.岷江上游山地森林-干旱河谷交错带土壤理化性质研究[D].雅安:四川农业大学硕士学位论文,2009.
[16]张秋芳,陈奶寿,陈坦,等.不同恢复年限侵蚀红壤生态化学计量特征[J].中国水土保持科学,2016,14(2):60-66.
[17]Tian H Q,Chen G S,Zhang C,et al.Pattern and variation of C∶N∶P ratios in China’s soils:a synthesis of observational data[J].Biogeochemistry,2010,98:139-151.
[18]刘兴诏,周国逸,张德强,等.南亚热带森林不同演替阶段植物与土壤中N、P的化学计量特征[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(1):64-71.
[19]曹娟,闫文德,项文化,等.湖南会同3个林龄杉木人工林土壤碳、氮、磷化学计量特征[J].林业科学,2015,51(7):1-8.
[20]Paul E A,Clark F E.Transformation of Nitrogen between the Organic and Inorganic Phase and to Nitrate-Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry-Chapter 8[M]// Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry.Elsevier Inc.,1989:131-146.
[21]黄昌勇.面向21世纪课程教材,土壤学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[22]张向茹,马露莎,陈亚南,等.黄土高原不同纬度下刺槐林土壤生态化学计量学特征研究[J].土壤学报,2013,50(4):818-825.
[23]卢同平,张文翔,武梦娟,等.干湿度梯度及植物生活型对土壤氮磷空间特征的影响[J].土壤,2017,49(2):364-370.