影响林农木本食品安全生产因素研究
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摘要
根据农户行为理论分析结果,运用Tobit模型对浙江省杭州市临安区的119户山核桃种植户安全生产行为的影响因素进行实证分析。研究结果表明:性别、年龄、受教育程度、户主对农药危害认知以及是否参加合作社对林农进行山核桃安全生产具有显著的负向影响;经营地产量、户主化肥使用标准以及种植户所在地区对林农进行山核桃安全生产具有显著的正向影响。因此,为了规范木本食品安全生产,从林农角度而言,应加强学习相关种植知识并提升个人素质;从政府和山核桃种植协会而言,应加强对林农进行安全用药知识宣传并组织技术培训,此外还应推进山核桃种合作社建立。
⑴ Background——As a direct participant in woody food production,forest farmers' production behavior has an important impact on food quality and safety.Through empirical analysis of the factors affecting the safe production behavior of Pecan growers putting forward targeted policy recommendations,which can be used for reference to promote the safe production of forest farmers.⑵ Methods——Based on the farmer behavior theory,119 farmer households in 4 towns of Lin'an District were investigated by field questionnaires,and Tobit model was used to analyze the influencing factors of farmers' safe production behavior.⑶ Results——The regression results showed that gender(-0.19**), education level(-0.15***), awareness of the degree of pesticide damage(-0.23***) and whether to join the cooperative(-0.39 ***) significantly affecting the amount of pesticides used by farmers,and the household pecan production(0.01***) and the regional location factors(5.69***) significantly affecting the amount of fertilizer used by farmers.Through the sample analysis of the influencing factors of the average annual pesticide sprays in a growth cycle,it is concluded that the individual characteristics of household heads have a significant negative impact.Males have fewer pesticide sprays and their production behavior is safer.Older farmers have fewer pesticide sprays,and the more educated farmers have fewer pesticide sprays.Household factors of household heads have a significant impact.Households with a high proportion of income from pecans have more pesticide sprays,while those with village cadres have fewer pesticide sprays.Pesticide awareness has a greater impact on growers,and households with higher awareness have fewer pesticide sprays.In whether to participate in cooperatives or not,the households participating in the cooperatives spray less pesticides.By analyzing the influencing factors of fertilizer application per hectare in a growth cycle,it is concluded that the household factors of household heads have a significant impact,and the yield of the managed land have a great impact.The higher the yield is,the more fertilizers are used,and the relatively fewer farmers has large scale of operation.In addition,the application standard of chemical fertilizer and the use of organic fertilizer have significant effects.Fertilizer use according to standard and fertilizer use of household heads using more organic fertilizers are less.Farmers participating in cooperatives use fewer chemical fertilizers.In terms of regional location factors,fertilizer use in area B is higher than that in area A.⑷ Conclusions and Discussions——The gender and education level of the individual characteristics of household heads and village cadres have a significant negative impact on the safe production behavior of pecan growers. Households with high proportion of income from pecans to total household income and high production of operating land also have relatively more pesticide sprays and fertilizer use.Pesticide awareness has a significant negative impact on farmers' behavior,and the production behavior of farmers with deeper pesticide awareness is safer.The participation of cooperatives has a significant negative impact on the production behavior of pecan growers.Regional location has a significant impact on the amount of chemical fertilizer applied by farmers.Therefore,first of all,forest farmers should strengthen their learning,enhance their personal quality,and establish a sense of safety in production;secondly,farmers who are village cadres can play an exemplary role in organizing"farmer experts"to guide farmers;thirdly,we should actively encourage farmers to participate in learning and regularly organize targeted training;fourthly,the government should set up a regulatory department to supervise the number of pesticide sprays and fertilizer use by forest farmers;fifthly,we should actively promote the construction of woody food professional cooperatives;finally,we should strengthen regional exchanges and learning.
⑴ Background——As a direct participant in woody food production,forest farmers' production behavior has an important impact on food quality and safety.Through empirical analysis of the factors affecting the safe production behavior of Pecan growers putting forward targeted policy recommendations,which can be used for reference to promote the safe production of forest farmers.⑵ Methods——Based on the farmer behavior theory,119 farmer households in 4 towns of Lin'an District were investigated by field questionnaires,and Tobit model was used to analyze the influencing factors of farmers' safe production behavior.⑶ Results——The regression results showed that gender(-0.19**), education level(-0.15***), awareness of the degree of pesticide damage(-0.23***) and whether to join the cooperative(-0.39 ***) significantly affecting the amount of pesticides used by farmers,and the household pecan production(0.01***) and the regional location factors(5.69***) significantly affecting the amount of fertilizer used by farmers.Through the sample analysis of the influencing factors of the average annual pesticide sprays in a growth cycle,it is concluded that the individual characteristics of household heads have a significant negative impact.Males have fewer pesticide sprays and their production behavior is safer.Older farmers have fewer pesticide sprays,and the more educated farmers have fewer pesticide sprays.Household factors of household heads have a significant impact.Households with a high proportion of income from pecans have more pesticide sprays,while those with village cadres have fewer pesticide sprays.Pesticide awareness has a greater impact on growers,and households with higher awareness have fewer pesticide sprays.In whether to participate in cooperatives or not,the households participating in the cooperatives spray less pesticides.By analyzing the influencing factors of fertilizer application per hectare in a growth cycle,it is concluded that the household factors of household heads have a significant impact,and the yield of the managed land have a great impact.The higher the yield is,the more fertilizers are used,and the relatively fewer farmers has large scale of operation.In addition,the application standard of chemical fertilizer and the use of organic fertilizer have significant effects.Fertilizer use according to standard and fertilizer use of household heads using more organic fertilizers are less.Farmers participating in cooperatives use fewer chemical fertilizers.In terms of regional location factors,fertilizer use in area B is higher than that in area A.⑷ Conclusions and Discussions——The gender and education level of the individual characteristics of household heads and village cadres have a significant negative impact on the safe production behavior of pecan growers. Households with high proportion of income from pecans to total household income and high production of operating land also have relatively more pesticide sprays and fertilizer use.Pesticide awareness has a significant negative impact on farmers' behavior,and the production behavior of farmers with deeper pesticide awareness is safer.The participation of cooperatives has a significant negative impact on the production behavior of pecan growers.Regional location has a significant impact on the amount of chemical fertilizer applied by farmers.Therefore,first of all,forest farmers should strengthen their learning,enhance their personal quality,and establish a sense of safety in production;secondly,farmers who are village cadres can play an exemplary role in organizing"farmer experts"to guide farmers;thirdly,we should actively encourage farmers to participate in learning and regularly organize targeted training;fourthly,the government should set up a regulatory department to supervise the number of pesticide sprays and fertilizer use by forest farmers;fifthly,we should actively promote the construction of woody food professional cooperatives;finally,we should strengthen regional exchanges and learning.
引文
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[11]王见,王紫恒,杨红朝.林业专业合作社省级示范社发展能力研究:以云南省37家示范社为例[J].中国林业经济,2018(5):1-4,10.
[12]朱烈夫,袁航,张志涛,等.三峡生态屏障区林农柑橘种植技术效率测度及影响因素分析[J].林业经济,2018,40(3):99-106.
[13]张静,支玲,王见.林农专业合作社绩效评价的实证分析:基于云南省63个样本合作社数据[J].林业经济,2018,40(2):99-106.
[14]黄坚钦,郑炳松,黄有军,等.木本油料植物山核桃新品种的选育[J].生物质化学工程,2006(S1):178-181.
[15]丁立忠,潘伟华,马闪闪,等.测土配方施肥对临安山核桃生长和产量的影响[J].经济林研究,2018,36(4):33-39.
[16]倪幸,窦春英,丁立忠,等.有机物料对山核桃林地土壤的培肥改良效果[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(5):1266-1275.
[17]张媚,林马水,曹秀秀,等.不同经营模式山核桃林地土壤pH值、养分与细菌多样性的差异[J].生物多样性,2018,26(6):611-619.
[18]马闪闪,赵科理,丁立忠,等.临安市不同山核桃产区土壤肥力状况的差异性研究[J].浙江农林大学学报,2016,33(6):953-960.
[19]李洁,刘伟平.集体林权改革后林农造林行为的影响因素研究:基于福建省南部林改调研数据分析[J].林业经济问题,2015,35(2):155-158,165.
[20]陈卫洪,曹子娟,王晓伟.森林碳汇储备中政府监管与林农行为博弈分析[J].林业经济问题,2019,39(1):77-82.
[21]石洪景.农户对台湾农业技术的采用行为研究:基于福建省漳浦县的调查数据[J].科技管理研究,2015,35(17):136-145.
[22]王小军,谢屹,王立群,等.集体林权制度改革中的农户森林经营行为与影响因素:以福建省邵武市和尤溪县为例[J].林业科学,2013,49(6):135-142.
[23]杨燕,翟印礼.林农参与林业合作社意愿及行为分析:以北方农牧交错带为例[J].林业经济,2016,38(4):38-43,64.
[24]许驰,张春霞.基于社员参与的合作社发展研究:以福建省三个林业专业合作社为例[J].林业经济,2018,40(6):102-105.
[25]冷小黑,张小迎,曹建华.林农技术需求意愿影响因素实证分析:以江西宜春为例[J].林业经济,2012(5):108-113.
[26]中华人民共和国农业部.中华人民共和国农业行业标准:绿色食品坚果:NY/T 1042-2006[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014:26.
[27]王建华,葛佳烨,郭儒鹏.农产品安全风险治理中的政府职能及其行为边界[J].贵州社会科学,2018(1):161-168.
[28]张云华,杨晓艳,孔祥智,等.发展绿色农业技术面临的难题与出路[J].生态经济,2004(S1):216-218.
[29]段伟,刘倩倩,雷硕,等.收入多样化、森林依赖度和林业可持续发展:以西部四省756户农户数据为例[J].农林经济管理学报,2015,14(6):606-612.
[30]邬奇峰,章秀梅,阮弋飞,等.临安市山核桃林地土壤肥力特征及其施肥对策[J].浙江农业科学,2017,58(7):1132-1135.
[2]郑宇峰,寸建芹,车宏志,等.德宏州民族特色野生木本蔬菜集中栽培展示探讨[J].现代农业科技,2017(16):96-99.
[3]王洪丽,杨印生,舒坤良.多重规制下小农户质量安全生产行为的重塑:以吉林省水稻种植农户为例[J].税务与经济,2018(3):61-67.
[4]刘滨,雷显凯,杨冬梅,等.林农林业单户经营模式选择行为的影响因素研究[J].林业经济问题,2017,37(4):23-28,100.
[5]王建华,马玉婷,王晓莉.农产品安全生产:农户农药施用知识与技能培训[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2014,24(4):54-63.
[6]谭翔,欧晓明,陈梦润.安全农产品是如何生产出来的[J].南方经济,2017(5):50-65.
[7]HOU B,WANG Z,YING R.Pesticide residues and wheat farmer’s cognition:A China scenario[J].Agricultural Research,2016,5(1):51-63.
[8]郑晶,林慧琦.重点生态区位商品林赎买中的林农认知及其影响因素:基于福建的案例调查[J].林业科学,2018,54(9):114-124.
[9]王建华,李硕.基于质量兴农视角的农户安全生产行为逻辑研究:以农药施用为例[J].宏观质量研究,2018,6(3):119-128.
[10]华红娟,常向阳.供应链模式对农户食品质量安全生产行为的影响研究:基于江苏省葡萄主产区的调查[J].农业技术经济,2011(9):108-117.
[11]王见,王紫恒,杨红朝.林业专业合作社省级示范社发展能力研究:以云南省37家示范社为例[J].中国林业经济,2018(5):1-4,10.
[12]朱烈夫,袁航,张志涛,等.三峡生态屏障区林农柑橘种植技术效率测度及影响因素分析[J].林业经济,2018,40(3):99-106.
[13]张静,支玲,王见.林农专业合作社绩效评价的实证分析:基于云南省63个样本合作社数据[J].林业经济,2018,40(2):99-106.
[14]黄坚钦,郑炳松,黄有军,等.木本油料植物山核桃新品种的选育[J].生物质化学工程,2006(S1):178-181.
[15]丁立忠,潘伟华,马闪闪,等.测土配方施肥对临安山核桃生长和产量的影响[J].经济林研究,2018,36(4):33-39.
[16]倪幸,窦春英,丁立忠,等.有机物料对山核桃林地土壤的培肥改良效果[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(5):1266-1275.
[17]张媚,林马水,曹秀秀,等.不同经营模式山核桃林地土壤pH值、养分与细菌多样性的差异[J].生物多样性,2018,26(6):611-619.
[18]马闪闪,赵科理,丁立忠,等.临安市不同山核桃产区土壤肥力状况的差异性研究[J].浙江农林大学学报,2016,33(6):953-960.
[19]李洁,刘伟平.集体林权改革后林农造林行为的影响因素研究:基于福建省南部林改调研数据分析[J].林业经济问题,2015,35(2):155-158,165.
[20]陈卫洪,曹子娟,王晓伟.森林碳汇储备中政府监管与林农行为博弈分析[J].林业经济问题,2019,39(1):77-82.
[21]石洪景.农户对台湾农业技术的采用行为研究:基于福建省漳浦县的调查数据[J].科技管理研究,2015,35(17):136-145.
[22]王小军,谢屹,王立群,等.集体林权制度改革中的农户森林经营行为与影响因素:以福建省邵武市和尤溪县为例[J].林业科学,2013,49(6):135-142.
[23]杨燕,翟印礼.林农参与林业合作社意愿及行为分析:以北方农牧交错带为例[J].林业经济,2016,38(4):38-43,64.
[24]许驰,张春霞.基于社员参与的合作社发展研究:以福建省三个林业专业合作社为例[J].林业经济,2018,40(6):102-105.
[25]冷小黑,张小迎,曹建华.林农技术需求意愿影响因素实证分析:以江西宜春为例[J].林业经济,2012(5):108-113.
[26]中华人民共和国农业部.中华人民共和国农业行业标准:绿色食品坚果:NY/T 1042-2006[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014:26.
[27]王建华,葛佳烨,郭儒鹏.农产品安全风险治理中的政府职能及其行为边界[J].贵州社会科学,2018(1):161-168.
[28]张云华,杨晓艳,孔祥智,等.发展绿色农业技术面临的难题与出路[J].生态经济,2004(S1):216-218.
[29]段伟,刘倩倩,雷硕,等.收入多样化、森林依赖度和林业可持续发展:以西部四省756户农户数据为例[J].农林经济管理学报,2015,14(6):606-612.
[30]邬奇峰,章秀梅,阮弋飞,等.临安市山核桃林地土壤肥力特征及其施肥对策[J].浙江农业科学,2017,58(7):1132-1135.