露地小型西瓜产量品质砧木效应的综合评价
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摘要
为综合评价露地小型西瓜产量品质的砧木效应,以接穗京颖-6自根苗为对照,研究南瓜砧和葫芦砧分别嫁接同一接穗品种后,不同嫁接组合的幼苗质量、植株长势、产量、果实性状和品质变异特征。结果表明,所有砧木的嫁接成活率均高于90%,供试南瓜砧中幼苗质量以兴盛和铁砧尔帝较好,葫芦砧以强根和京欣砧1号表现较好。嫁接成株长势和产量也因选择砧木不同而表现不同,其中南瓜砧嫁接植株长势较强,产量较高,最低增产率也达17.0%;葫芦砧嫁接植株长势和产量变异较大,强根增产率达49.4%,但京欣砧王单位产量较对照低12.3%,且嫁接对小型西瓜果实特性及果实营养品质的影响显著。构成小型西瓜果实品质相关指标的综合评价结果表明,仅2个南瓜砧和4个葫芦砧嫁接果实品质优于自根苗。综上,供试南瓜砧均显著提高了小型西瓜的产量,但多降低了果实品质;葫芦砧中仅强砧和京欣砧1号嫁接西瓜的产量有所提高,且果实品质有所改善。本研究为嫁接小型西瓜优质高产栽培提供了理论依据。
In order to evaluate the effects of rootstock on yield and quality of mini-watermelon in open field synthetically, the self-root scion Jingying-6 was taken as control to study the change characteristics of the seedling quality, plant growth vigor, yield and fruit quality by the same scion grafting onto 7 squash and 7 bottle gourd rootstocks. The results showed that the grafting survival rates on all rootstocks were higher than 90%, and the seedlings grafted on squash rootstocks of XS and HT and bottle gourd rootstocks of QG and JX-1 had higher quality. Plant growth vigor and yield were significantly different among different rootstocks. All the scions grafted onto the squash rootstocks had stronger growth vigor and higher yield, which showed the increasing yield rate was 17.0% at least. Plant growth vigor and yield were greatly changed by grafting on bottle gourd rootstocks, which demonstrated the increasing yield rate of scion grafted on QG were 49.4%, but the plant yield grafted on JX-W decreased by12.3% compared to CK. Grafting also had significant effect on fruit characteristics and fruit quality. Comprehensive evaluation of indexes forming mini-watermelon quality showed that only two squash and four bottle gourd grafting fruit quality were higher than that of CK. In conclusion, mini-watermelon yields of all squash-rootstock unions were improved, but fruit quality was reduced on most of squash-rootstock. Among the bottle gourd rootstocks determined, only QG and JX-1 grafting plants had higher yield and better fruit quality. This study provides a theoretical basis for high-quality and yield cultivation of grafting mini-watermelon.
In order to evaluate the effects of rootstock on yield and quality of mini-watermelon in open field synthetically, the self-root scion Jingying-6 was taken as control to study the change characteristics of the seedling quality, plant growth vigor, yield and fruit quality by the same scion grafting onto 7 squash and 7 bottle gourd rootstocks. The results showed that the grafting survival rates on all rootstocks were higher than 90%, and the seedlings grafted on squash rootstocks of XS and HT and bottle gourd rootstocks of QG and JX-1 had higher quality. Plant growth vigor and yield were significantly different among different rootstocks. All the scions grafted onto the squash rootstocks had stronger growth vigor and higher yield, which showed the increasing yield rate was 17.0% at least. Plant growth vigor and yield were greatly changed by grafting on bottle gourd rootstocks, which demonstrated the increasing yield rate of scion grafted on QG were 49.4%, but the plant yield grafted on JX-W decreased by12.3% compared to CK. Grafting also had significant effect on fruit characteristics and fruit quality. Comprehensive evaluation of indexes forming mini-watermelon quality showed that only two squash and four bottle gourd grafting fruit quality were higher than that of CK. In conclusion, mini-watermelon yields of all squash-rootstock unions were improved, but fruit quality was reduced on most of squash-rootstock. Among the bottle gourd rootstocks determined, only QG and JX-1 grafting plants had higher yield and better fruit quality. This study provides a theoretical basis for high-quality and yield cultivation of grafting mini-watermelon.
引文
[1] 贺洪军. 西瓜绿色栽培新技术大全[M]. 北京: 中国农业科学技术出版社, 2015
[2] 别之龙. 我国西瓜甜瓜嫁接育苗产业发展现状和对策[J]. 中国瓜菜, 2011, 24(2): 68- 71
[3] Crino P, Lo Bianco C, Rouphael Y, Colla G, Saccardo F, Paratore A. Evaluation of rootstock resistance to Fusarium Wilt and gummy stem blight an effect on yield and quality of a grafted ‘inodorus’ melon[J]. HortScience, 2007, 42(3): 521- 525
[4] Colla G, Rouphael Y, Cardarelli M, Salerno A, Rea E. The effectiveness of grafting to improve alkalinity tolerance in watermelon [J]. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2010, 68(3): 283- 291
[5] Alexopoulos A A, Kondylis A, Passam H C. Fruit yield and quality of watermelon in relation to grafting[J]. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 2007, 5(1): 178- 179
[6] 王硕硕. 西瓜砧木筛选及其嫁接对西瓜幼苗盐胁迫耐受性的影响[D]. 泰安: 山东农业大学, 2015: 9- 10
[7] King S R, Davis A R, Zhang X P, Crosby K. Genetics, breeding and selection of rootstock for Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae [J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2010, 127(2): 106- 111
[8] Turhan A, Ozmen N, Kuscu H, Serbeci M S, Seniz Ⅴ. Influence of rootstocks on yield and fruit characteristics and quality of watermelon [J]. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology, 2012, 53(4): 336- 341
[9] 张兆辉, 牛青, 杨晓峰, 左恩强, 陈春宏, 顾卫红, 姜玉萍. 不同砧木嫁接对西瓜生长、果实品质及丰产性的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2015, 31(7): 72- 75
[10] 马双武, 尚建立, 王吉明. 西瓜嫁接砧木资源的初步筛选研究[J]. 中国瓜菜, 2012, 25(4): 39- 42
[11] Salam M A, Masum A S, Chowdhury S S, Dhar M, Saddeque M A, Islam M R. Growth and yield of watermelon as influenced by grafting[J]. Journal of Biological Science, 2002, 2(5): 298- 299
[12] Huitron M Ⅴ, Ricardez M, Camacho F. Influence of grafted watermelon plant density on yield and quality in soil infested with melon necrotic spot virus [J]. HortScience, 2009, 44(7): 1838- 1841
[13] 张保东, 江姣, 邱孟超, 贾文红. 不同葫芦嫁接砧木对中果形西瓜品质及产量的影响[J]. 中国瓜菜, 2016, 29(1): 30- 33
[14] Yetisir H, Sari N. Effect of different rootstock on plant growth, yield and quality of watermelon [J]. Animal Production Science, 2003, 43(10): 1269- 1274
[15] Lopez-galarza S, San Bautista A, Perez D M, Miguel A, Baixauli C, Pascula B, Maroto J Ⅴ, Guardiola J L. Effect of grafting and cytokinin-induced fruit setting on color and sugar-content traits in glasshouse-grown triploid watermelon [J]. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 2004, 79(6): 971- 976
[16] Miguel A, Maroto J Ⅴ, San Bautista A, Baixauli C, Cebolla Ⅴ, Pascual B, Lopez-galarza S, Guardiola J L. The grafting of triploid watermelon is an advantageous alternative to soil fumigation by methyl bromide for control of Fusarium Wilt [J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2004, 103(1): 9- 17
[17] 赵依杰, 吴宇芬, 陈阳, 张小红, 林强. 砧木对小型西瓜生长和品质的影响[J]. 中国蔬菜, 2009(2): 61- 64
[18] 廖道龙, 伍壮生, 蔡兴来, 高学望, 梁振深. 侧芽嫁接对小型无籽西瓜生长、产量、品质和抗性的影响[J]. 中国蔬菜, 2013(2): 66- 69
[19] 孔灵君, 徐坤, 王磊, 何平, 张永征. 氮硫互作对越冬大葱生长及品质的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2013, 19(5): 1272- 1278
[20] 李合生. 植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2003
[21] 张帆, 宫国义, 王倩, 何洪巨, 许勇. 西瓜品质构成分析[J]. 果树学报, 2006, 23(2): 266- 269
[22] 高方胜, 王磊, 徐坤. 砧木与嫁接番茄产量品质关系的综合评价[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(3): 605- 612
[23] 韩志平, 郭世荣, 朱国荣, 欧阳以勇. 砧木对嫁接西瓜生长发育、产量和品质的影响[J]. 中国蔬菜, 2006(2): 22- 23
[24] Mohamed F H, Abd Ei-hamed K E, Elwan M W, Hussien M N. Evaluation of different grafting methods and rootstocks in watermelon grown in Egypt [J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2014, 168(3): 145- 150
[25] 刘润秋, 张红梅, 徐敬华, 黄丹枫, 姚方杰. 砧木对嫁接西瓜生长及品质的影响[J]. 上海交通大学学报(农业科学版), 2003, 21(4): 289- 294
[26] 齐红岩, 李天来, 刘逸飞, 李丹. 嫁接对薄皮甜瓜光合特性、产量与含糖量的影响[J]. 沈阳农业大学学报, 2006, 37(2): 155- 158
[27] 李跃建, 梁根云, 刘小俊, 刘独臣, 房超. 黄瓜嫁接苗和自根苗的蛋白质组学研究[J]. 园艺学报, 2009, 36(8): 1147- 1152
[28] Rouphael Y, Cardarelli M, Colla G, Rea E. Yield, mineral composition, water relations, and water use efficiency of grafted mini-watermelon plants under deficit irrigation [J]. HortScience, 2008, 43(3): 730- 736
[29] Lee J M, Oda M. Grafting of herbaceous vegetable and ornamental crops [J]. Horticultural Reviews, 2010, 28: 61- 124
[30] Rouphael Y, Schwarz D, Krumbein A, Colla G. Impact of grafting on product quality of fruit vegetables [J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2010, 127(2): 172- 179
[31] Proietti S, Rouphael Y, Colla G, Cardarelli M, De Agazio M, Zacchini M, Moscatello S, Battistelli A. Fruit quality of mini-watermelon as affected by grafting and irrigation regimes [J]. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2008, 88(6): 1107- 1114
[32] 马小焕, 彭良志, 淳长品, 凌丽莉, 曹立, 江才伦, 解发, 张雯雯, 古祖亮, 唐焕庆. 脐橙果皮内裂发生的解剖结构和矿质营养元素变化[J]. 园艺学报, 2011, 38(10): 1857- 1864
[33] 关志华, 程智慧. 外源施钙对加工番茄果实硬度及品质相关指标的影响[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2009, 37(10): 145- 150
[34] 杨冬艳, 于蓉, 冯海萍, 曲继松, 张丽娟, 郭文忠. 不同砧木对设施嫁接西瓜生长及品质影响的综合评价[J]. 甘肃农业大学学报, 2015, 50(6): 62- 66
[35] Colla G, Rouphael Y, Cardarelli M, Rea E. Effect of salinity on yield, fruit quality, leaf gas exchange, and mineral composition of grafted watermelon plants [J]. Hort Sciences, 2006, 41(3): 622- 627
[36] 孙兴祥, 林红梅. 不同砧木及配套栽培技术对大棚西瓜产量和品质的影响[J]. 中国蔬菜, 2014(4): 37- 40
[37] 魏敏, 齐红岩, 里程辉. 嫁接对薄皮甜瓜养分吸收和果实品质的影响[J]. 沈阳农业大学学报, 2006, 37(3): 437- 441
[38] 程建徽, 梅军霞, 郑婷, 魏灵珠, 吴江. 不同砧木对欧亚葡萄红亚历山大产量和品质的影响[J]. 核农学报, 2015, 29(8): 1607- 1616
[2] 别之龙. 我国西瓜甜瓜嫁接育苗产业发展现状和对策[J]. 中国瓜菜, 2011, 24(2): 68- 71
[3] Crino P, Lo Bianco C, Rouphael Y, Colla G, Saccardo F, Paratore A. Evaluation of rootstock resistance to Fusarium Wilt and gummy stem blight an effect on yield and quality of a grafted ‘inodorus’ melon[J]. HortScience, 2007, 42(3): 521- 525
[4] Colla G, Rouphael Y, Cardarelli M, Salerno A, Rea E. The effectiveness of grafting to improve alkalinity tolerance in watermelon [J]. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2010, 68(3): 283- 291
[5] Alexopoulos A A, Kondylis A, Passam H C. Fruit yield and quality of watermelon in relation to grafting[J]. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 2007, 5(1): 178- 179
[6] 王硕硕. 西瓜砧木筛选及其嫁接对西瓜幼苗盐胁迫耐受性的影响[D]. 泰安: 山东农业大学, 2015: 9- 10
[7] King S R, Davis A R, Zhang X P, Crosby K. Genetics, breeding and selection of rootstock for Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae [J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2010, 127(2): 106- 111
[8] Turhan A, Ozmen N, Kuscu H, Serbeci M S, Seniz Ⅴ. Influence of rootstocks on yield and fruit characteristics and quality of watermelon [J]. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology, 2012, 53(4): 336- 341
[9] 张兆辉, 牛青, 杨晓峰, 左恩强, 陈春宏, 顾卫红, 姜玉萍. 不同砧木嫁接对西瓜生长、果实品质及丰产性的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2015, 31(7): 72- 75
[10] 马双武, 尚建立, 王吉明. 西瓜嫁接砧木资源的初步筛选研究[J]. 中国瓜菜, 2012, 25(4): 39- 42
[11] Salam M A, Masum A S, Chowdhury S S, Dhar M, Saddeque M A, Islam M R. Growth and yield of watermelon as influenced by grafting[J]. Journal of Biological Science, 2002, 2(5): 298- 299
[12] Huitron M Ⅴ, Ricardez M, Camacho F. Influence of grafted watermelon plant density on yield and quality in soil infested with melon necrotic spot virus [J]. HortScience, 2009, 44(7): 1838- 1841
[13] 张保东, 江姣, 邱孟超, 贾文红. 不同葫芦嫁接砧木对中果形西瓜品质及产量的影响[J]. 中国瓜菜, 2016, 29(1): 30- 33
[14] Yetisir H, Sari N. Effect of different rootstock on plant growth, yield and quality of watermelon [J]. Animal Production Science, 2003, 43(10): 1269- 1274
[15] Lopez-galarza S, San Bautista A, Perez D M, Miguel A, Baixauli C, Pascula B, Maroto J Ⅴ, Guardiola J L. Effect of grafting and cytokinin-induced fruit setting on color and sugar-content traits in glasshouse-grown triploid watermelon [J]. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 2004, 79(6): 971- 976
[16] Miguel A, Maroto J Ⅴ, San Bautista A, Baixauli C, Cebolla Ⅴ, Pascual B, Lopez-galarza S, Guardiola J L. The grafting of triploid watermelon is an advantageous alternative to soil fumigation by methyl bromide for control of Fusarium Wilt [J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2004, 103(1): 9- 17
[17] 赵依杰, 吴宇芬, 陈阳, 张小红, 林强. 砧木对小型西瓜生长和品质的影响[J]. 中国蔬菜, 2009(2): 61- 64
[18] 廖道龙, 伍壮生, 蔡兴来, 高学望, 梁振深. 侧芽嫁接对小型无籽西瓜生长、产量、品质和抗性的影响[J]. 中国蔬菜, 2013(2): 66- 69
[19] 孔灵君, 徐坤, 王磊, 何平, 张永征. 氮硫互作对越冬大葱生长及品质的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2013, 19(5): 1272- 1278
[20] 李合生. 植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2003
[21] 张帆, 宫国义, 王倩, 何洪巨, 许勇. 西瓜品质构成分析[J]. 果树学报, 2006, 23(2): 266- 269
[22] 高方胜, 王磊, 徐坤. 砧木与嫁接番茄产量品质关系的综合评价[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(3): 605- 612
[23] 韩志平, 郭世荣, 朱国荣, 欧阳以勇. 砧木对嫁接西瓜生长发育、产量和品质的影响[J]. 中国蔬菜, 2006(2): 22- 23
[24] Mohamed F H, Abd Ei-hamed K E, Elwan M W, Hussien M N. Evaluation of different grafting methods and rootstocks in watermelon grown in Egypt [J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2014, 168(3): 145- 150
[25] 刘润秋, 张红梅, 徐敬华, 黄丹枫, 姚方杰. 砧木对嫁接西瓜生长及品质的影响[J]. 上海交通大学学报(农业科学版), 2003, 21(4): 289- 294
[26] 齐红岩, 李天来, 刘逸飞, 李丹. 嫁接对薄皮甜瓜光合特性、产量与含糖量的影响[J]. 沈阳农业大学学报, 2006, 37(2): 155- 158
[27] 李跃建, 梁根云, 刘小俊, 刘独臣, 房超. 黄瓜嫁接苗和自根苗的蛋白质组学研究[J]. 园艺学报, 2009, 36(8): 1147- 1152
[28] Rouphael Y, Cardarelli M, Colla G, Rea E. Yield, mineral composition, water relations, and water use efficiency of grafted mini-watermelon plants under deficit irrigation [J]. HortScience, 2008, 43(3): 730- 736
[29] Lee J M, Oda M. Grafting of herbaceous vegetable and ornamental crops [J]. Horticultural Reviews, 2010, 28: 61- 124
[30] Rouphael Y, Schwarz D, Krumbein A, Colla G. Impact of grafting on product quality of fruit vegetables [J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2010, 127(2): 172- 179
[31] Proietti S, Rouphael Y, Colla G, Cardarelli M, De Agazio M, Zacchini M, Moscatello S, Battistelli A. Fruit quality of mini-watermelon as affected by grafting and irrigation regimes [J]. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2008, 88(6): 1107- 1114
[32] 马小焕, 彭良志, 淳长品, 凌丽莉, 曹立, 江才伦, 解发, 张雯雯, 古祖亮, 唐焕庆. 脐橙果皮内裂发生的解剖结构和矿质营养元素变化[J]. 园艺学报, 2011, 38(10): 1857- 1864
[33] 关志华, 程智慧. 外源施钙对加工番茄果实硬度及品质相关指标的影响[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2009, 37(10): 145- 150
[34] 杨冬艳, 于蓉, 冯海萍, 曲继松, 张丽娟, 郭文忠. 不同砧木对设施嫁接西瓜生长及品质影响的综合评价[J]. 甘肃农业大学学报, 2015, 50(6): 62- 66
[35] Colla G, Rouphael Y, Cardarelli M, Rea E. Effect of salinity on yield, fruit quality, leaf gas exchange, and mineral composition of grafted watermelon plants [J]. Hort Sciences, 2006, 41(3): 622- 627
[36] 孙兴祥, 林红梅. 不同砧木及配套栽培技术对大棚西瓜产量和品质的影响[J]. 中国蔬菜, 2014(4): 37- 40
[37] 魏敏, 齐红岩, 里程辉. 嫁接对薄皮甜瓜养分吸收和果实品质的影响[J]. 沈阳农业大学学报, 2006, 37(3): 437- 441
[38] 程建徽, 梅军霞, 郑婷, 魏灵珠, 吴江. 不同砧木对欧亚葡萄红亚历山大产量和品质的影响[J]. 核农学报, 2015, 29(8): 1607- 1616