老年脓毒症的研究进展
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摘要
<正>随着世界老龄化人口的逐渐增加,老年人群已成为社会各个领域都在关注的重点人群,并且目前脓毒症已成为老年人死亡的主要原因之一。因此,医生对老年脓毒症的诊断、治疗及预后问题的认识已迫在眉睫。生理功能的下降,同时还合并着多种慢性疾病,如糖尿病、心力衰竭、血管疾病、慢性呼吸功能衰竭等,使老年人自身健康状况明显下降。脓毒症已成为导致老年人死亡率逐年上升的主要原因
引文
[1] Martín S,Pérez A,Aldecoa C.Sepsis and Immunosenescence in the Elderly Patient:A Review[J].Frontiers in Medicine,2017,4(20):20.
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[26] Lee CC,Chen SY,Chang IJ,et al.Comparison of clinical manifestations and outcome of community-acquired bloodstream infections among the oldest old,elderly,and adult patients[J].Medicine,2007,86(3):138-144.
[27] Ali A,El Solh MD MPH,Akinnusi M E,et al.Outcome of Septic Shock in Older Adults After Implementation of the Sepsis“Bundle”[J].Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,2008,56(2):272-278.
[28] 谢剑锋,邱海波.拯救脓毒症运动:脓毒症与感染性休克治疗国际指南(2016)的进展与评论[J].中华重症医学电子杂志,2017,3(1):18-25.
[29] Liang SY.Sepsis and Other Infectious Disease Emergencies in the Elderly[J].Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America,2016,34(3):501-522.
[30] Kumar A,Roberts D,Wood KE,et al.Duration of hypotension before initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy is the critical determinant of survival in human septic shock[J].Critical Care Medicine,2006,34(6):1589-1596.
[31] Bellmannweiler R,Weiss G.Pitfalls in the Diagnosis and Therapy of Infections in Elderly Patients-A Mini-Review[J].Gerontology,2009,55(3):241-249.
[32] 刘超,毛智,周飞虎.老年脓毒症的研究进展[J].解放军医学杂志,2017,42(6):563-568.
[33] De Gaudio AR,Rinaldi S,Chelazzi C,et al.Pathophysiology of sepsis in the elderly:clinical impact and therapeutic considerations[J].Current Drug Targets,2009,10(1):60-70.
[34] Mohsenin V.Assessment of preload and fluid responsiveness in intensive care unit.How good are we[J].Journal of Critical Care,2015,30(3):567-573.
[35] Bentzer P,Griesdale DE,Boyd J,et al.Will This Hemodynamically Unstable Patient Respond to a Bolus of Intravenous Fluids?[J].JAMA,2016,316(12):1298-1309.
[36] Clifford KM,Dyboarman EA,Haase KK,et al.Challenges with Diagnosing and Managing Sepsis in Older Adults[J].Expert review of anti-infective therapy,2016,14(2):231-241.
[37] Hotchkiss RS,Karl IE.The pathophysiology and treatment of sepsis[J].The New England Journal of Medicine,2003,348(2):138-150.
[38] Giamarellos-bourboulis E,Adamis T,Sabracos L,et al.Clarithromycin:immunomodulatory therapy of experimental sepsis and acute pyelonephritis by Escherichia coli[J].Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases,2005,37(1):48-54.
[39] Osuchowski MF,Connett J,Welch K,et al.Stratification is the key:inflammatory biomarkers accurately direct immunomodulatory therapy in experimental sepsis[J].Critical Care Medicine,2009,37(5):1567-1573.
[2] Martin GS.Sepsis,severe sepsis and septic shock:changes in incidence,pathogens and outcomes[J].Expert review of anti-infective therapy,2012,10(6):701-706.
[3] Singer M,Deutschman CS,Seymour CW,et al.The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3) [J].JAMA,2016,315(8):801-810.
[4] Shankar-Hari M,Phillips GS,Levy ML,et al.Developing a New Definition and Assessing New Clinical Criteria for Septic Shock:For the Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3) [J].JAMA,2016,315(8):775-787.
[5] 姚咏明,张艳敏.脓毒症发病机制最新认识[J].医学研究生学报,2017,30(7):678-683.
[6] Chousterman BG,Swirski FK,Weber GF.Cytokine storm and sepsis disease pathogenesis [J].Semin Immunopathol,2017,39(5):517-528.
[7] Weber SU,Schewe JC,Putensen C,et al.Apoptosis as a pathomechanism in sepsis[J].Der Anaesthesist,2004,53(1):59-65.
[8] Girardot T,Rimmelé T,Venet F,et al.Apoptosis-induced lymphopenia in sepsis and other severe injuries[J].Apoptosis:an international journal on programmed cell death,2017,22(2):295-305.
[9] Hotchkiss RS,Coopersmith CM,Karl IE.Prevention of lymphocyte apoptosis:a potential treatment of sepsis[J].Clin Infect Dis,2005,41(Suppl 7):S465-469.
[10] Ko 剺D kara A,Kayata 劶b M.Renal cell apoptosis and new treatment options in sepsis-induced acute kidney injury[J].Renal Failure,2013,35(2):291-294.
[11] 周筱琼,严静,于小妹,等.老年脓毒症患者活化淋巴细胞的表达及意义[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2010,20(12):3090-3093.
[12] Levi M,van der Poll T.Coagulation and sepsis[J].Thrombosis Research,2017,149:38-44.
[13] Iba T,Yamada A,Hashiguchi N,et al.New therapeutic options for patients with sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation[J].Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewntrznej,2014,124(6):321-328.
[14] Iba T,Thachil J.Present and future of anticoagulant therapy using antithrombin and thrombomodulin for sepsis-associated disseminated intravascular coagulation:a perspective from Japan[J].International Journal of Hematology,2016,103(3):253-261.
[15] Madoiwa S.Recent advances in disseminated intravascular coagulation:endothelial cells and fibrinolysis in sepsis-induced DIC[J].Journal of Intensive Care,2015,3(1):8.
[16] Iba T,Ito T,Maruyama I,et al.Potential diagnostic markers for disseminated intravascular coagulation of sepsis[J].Blood Reviews,2015,30(2):149-155.
[17] Prauchner CA.Oxidative stress in sepsis:Pathophysiological implications justifying antioxidant co-therapy[J].Burns,2017,43(3):471-485.
[18] Ji M H,Yang JJ,Wu J,et al.Experimental sepsis in pigs-effects of vasopressin on renal,hepatic,and intestinal dysfunction[J].Ups J Med Sci,2012,117(3):257-263.
[19] 韩旭东,黄晓英.血管加压素在血管舒张性休克中的应用[J].上海医药,2012,33(7):4-7.
[20] Eklund A,Lepp?niemi A,Kemppainen E,et al.Vasodilatory shock in severe acute pancreatitis without sepsis:Is there any place for hydrocortisone treatment?[J].Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica,2005,49(3):379-384.
[21] 王洪亮,章志丹,黄伟.拯救脓毒症运动:脓毒症与感染性休克治疗国际指南(2016)的解读与展望[J].中华重症医学电子杂志,2017,3(1):26-32.
[22] Hernández C,Fehér C,Soriano A,et al.Clinical characteristics and outcome of elderly patients with community-onset bacteremia[J].Journal of Infection,2015,70(2):135-143.
[23] Wester AL,Dunlop O,Melby KK,et al.Age-related differences in symptoms,diagnosis and prognosis of bacteremia[J].BMC Infectious Diseases,2013,13(1):346.
[24] Wu HS,Wang FD,Tseng CP,et al.Characteristics of healthcare-associated and community-acquired Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia in Taiwan[J].Journal of Infection,2012,64(2):162-168.
[25] Huttunen R,Aittoniemi J.New concepts in the pathogenesis,diagnosis and treatment of bacteremia and sepsis[J].Journal of Infection,2011,63(6):407-419.
[26] Lee CC,Chen SY,Chang IJ,et al.Comparison of clinical manifestations and outcome of community-acquired bloodstream infections among the oldest old,elderly,and adult patients[J].Medicine,2007,86(3):138-144.
[27] Ali A,El Solh MD MPH,Akinnusi M E,et al.Outcome of Septic Shock in Older Adults After Implementation of the Sepsis“Bundle”[J].Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,2008,56(2):272-278.
[28] 谢剑锋,邱海波.拯救脓毒症运动:脓毒症与感染性休克治疗国际指南(2016)的进展与评论[J].中华重症医学电子杂志,2017,3(1):18-25.
[29] Liang SY.Sepsis and Other Infectious Disease Emergencies in the Elderly[J].Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America,2016,34(3):501-522.
[30] Kumar A,Roberts D,Wood KE,et al.Duration of hypotension before initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy is the critical determinant of survival in human septic shock[J].Critical Care Medicine,2006,34(6):1589-1596.
[31] Bellmannweiler R,Weiss G.Pitfalls in the Diagnosis and Therapy of Infections in Elderly Patients-A Mini-Review[J].Gerontology,2009,55(3):241-249.
[32] 刘超,毛智,周飞虎.老年脓毒症的研究进展[J].解放军医学杂志,2017,42(6):563-568.
[33] De Gaudio AR,Rinaldi S,Chelazzi C,et al.Pathophysiology of sepsis in the elderly:clinical impact and therapeutic considerations[J].Current Drug Targets,2009,10(1):60-70.
[34] Mohsenin V.Assessment of preload and fluid responsiveness in intensive care unit.How good are we[J].Journal of Critical Care,2015,30(3):567-573.
[35] Bentzer P,Griesdale DE,Boyd J,et al.Will This Hemodynamically Unstable Patient Respond to a Bolus of Intravenous Fluids?[J].JAMA,2016,316(12):1298-1309.
[36] Clifford KM,Dyboarman EA,Haase KK,et al.Challenges with Diagnosing and Managing Sepsis in Older Adults[J].Expert review of anti-infective therapy,2016,14(2):231-241.
[37] Hotchkiss RS,Karl IE.The pathophysiology and treatment of sepsis[J].The New England Journal of Medicine,2003,348(2):138-150.
[38] Giamarellos-bourboulis E,Adamis T,Sabracos L,et al.Clarithromycin:immunomodulatory therapy of experimental sepsis and acute pyelonephritis by Escherichia coli[J].Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases,2005,37(1):48-54.
[39] Osuchowski MF,Connett J,Welch K,et al.Stratification is the key:inflammatory biomarkers accurately direct immunomodulatory therapy in experimental sepsis[J].Critical Care Medicine,2009,37(5):1567-1573.