贯通教育与就业的学习设计探索——成功学习之道框架及其启示
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摘要
在竞争愈强的就业环境下,发展学生能力是促进优质就业的重要因素。基于对成功学习之道框架的阐释与理解,该文旨在为学校设计者和教育工作者提供研究和实践支持。成功学习之道框架认为,在加速变革的现实情况下,学生需要具备成功习惯、内容知识能力、创新思维能力以及寻路能力等四个组织领域的20种具体能力。发展学生广泛深入能力的学习设计需要遵循整体学习原则、学习增值原则、突破难点原则、多情境/方式学习原则、揭示隐藏规则和规范原则、互相学习与集体协同原则,学会学习原则等;结合拓宽学习生态系统以及持久提取、合理难度、认知学徒、真实成功、支架自我管理、支持性自我反思、沉浸成人世界、创客赋能等"八个学习杠杆"增强和发展学生的能力和主体性。同时,运用形成性评估、表现性评估、多项措施评估、徽章和微信誉和质量评价等评估策略有助于对其复杂能力进行评估。成功学习之道探索更广泛深入能力的四个领域,不是简单地进行能力分类,而是将学生需要掌握的能力与当下学习和就业市场所需紧密相结合,为学生提供成功之道的路标。
With the increasing competitiveness of the employment environment, the development of the students' ability is an important factor in promoting quality employment. Based on the interpretation and understanding of the MyWays Student Success framework, this study aims to provide research and practical support to school designers and educators. The MyWays Student Success framework believes that in the circumstance of the accelerating change in the real world, students need to possess 20 specific abilities in four organizational areas including Habits of Success, Creative Know How, Content Knowledge and Wayfinding Abilities. The development of students' extensive and in-depth learning design needs to follow the principles of Whole Learning, Make the learning worthwhile, Work on the hard parts、Learn in a variety of settings & ways, Uncover the hidden rules & norms, Learn from others & together and Learn how to learn, with the combine of the Wider Learning Ecosystem, as well as eight Levers including Durable Retrieval, Desirable Difficulties, Cognitive Apprenticeship, Authentic Success, Scaffolded Self-Management, Supported SelfReflection, Immersion in Adult Settings and Maker Empowerment to enhance and develop students' Capability and Agency. Besides, assessment strategies such as Formative assessment, Performance assessment, Multiple measures, Badges and micro-credentials and Quality reviews can help assess their complex capabilities. MyWays Student Success framework exploring the four areas of broader and deeper abilities are not simply to classify abilities, but to combine the abilities that students need to master with the needs of the current learning and job market so that it can provide students with a specific path to success.
With the increasing competitiveness of the employment environment, the development of the students' ability is an important factor in promoting quality employment. Based on the interpretation and understanding of the MyWays Student Success framework, this study aims to provide research and practical support to school designers and educators. The MyWays Student Success framework believes that in the circumstance of the accelerating change in the real world, students need to possess 20 specific abilities in four organizational areas including Habits of Success, Creative Know How, Content Knowledge and Wayfinding Abilities. The development of students' extensive and in-depth learning design needs to follow the principles of Whole Learning, Make the learning worthwhile, Work on the hard parts、Learn in a variety of settings & ways, Uncover the hidden rules & norms, Learn from others & together and Learn how to learn, with the combine of the Wider Learning Ecosystem, as well as eight Levers including Durable Retrieval, Desirable Difficulties, Cognitive Apprenticeship, Authentic Success, Scaffolded Self-Management, Supported SelfReflection, Immersion in Adult Settings and Maker Empowerment to enhance and develop students' Capability and Agency. Besides, assessment strategies such as Formative assessment, Performance assessment, Multiple measures, Badges and micro-credentials and Quality reviews can help assess their complex capabilities. MyWays Student Success framework exploring the four areas of broader and deeper abilities are not simply to classify abilities, but to combine the abilities that students need to master with the needs of the current learning and job market so that it can provide students with a specific path to success.
引文
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[18]Tom Vander Ark,Mary Ryerse.Smart Cities That Work for Everyone:7 Keys to Education&Employment[M].Federal Way:Getting Smart,2014.
[19]Peter C.Brown,Henry L,Roediger&Mark A.McDaniel.Make It Stick:The Science of Successful Learning[M].Massachusetts:Harvard Education Press,2014.
[20]VP Dennen,KJ Burner.The Cognitive Apprenticeship Model in Educational Practice[M].Florida:Handbook of Research on Educational Communications and Technology,2008.
[21]Halpern,R.The Means to Grow Up:Reinventing Apprenticeship as a Developmental Support in Adolescence[M].New York:International Journal of Lifelong Education,2009.
[22]Smith C.Preparing Youth to Thrive:Promising Practices in Social&Emotional Learning[R].Michigan:Weikart Center for Youth Program Quality,2016.
[23]Agency by Design.Educator Resources webpage[DB/OL].http://agencybydesign.org.s219538.gridserver.com/edresources/,2017-09-02.
[24]Libow Martinez S,Stager G.Invent to Learn:Making,Thinkering&Engineering in the classroom[M].Torrance:Constructing Modern Knowledge Press,2013.
[25]Barron,A.Why we use digital badges at Del Lago Academy.Getting Smart[EB/OL].http://www.gettingsmart.com/2017/03/why-we-usedigital-badges-at-del-lago-academy/,2018-08-08.
[26]杨洁.能力本位:当代教师专业标准建设的基石[J].教育研究,2014,35(10):79-85.
[27]张杏娟,刘恩山.5E教学模式在发展学生能力和课程建设中的价值及作用[J].生物学通报,2015,50(2):21-23.
[28]李扬清.课外活动对学生能力培养的研究[D].昆明:云南师范大学,2006.
[29]钱乃余,王家敏.基于职业教育能力本位的教育观[J].职教论坛,2013,(2):4-6.
[2]Cowen,T.Average Is Over[M].New York:Dutton Adult,2014.
[3]Manyika,et al.An Economy That Works:Job Creation and America’s Future[R].Chicago:McKinsey Global Institute,2011.
[4]Brynjolfsson,E.&McAfee,A.The Second Machine Age:Work,Progress,and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies[M].New York:W.W.Norton&co,2014.
[5]Kaplan,J.Humans Need Not Apply[M].Chicago:Yale University Press,2015.
[6]Hoffman&Casnocha.The Start-Up of You[M].New York:Crown Business,2012.
[7]Anthony P.Carnevale,Andrew R.Hanson&Artem Gulish.Failure to Launch:Structural Shift and the New Lost Generation[R].Washington,D.C:Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce,2013.
[8][9]Lash,D&Belfiore,G.5 Decisions in Navigating the Work/Learn Landscape[R].Oregon:Next Generation Learning Challenges,2017.
[10]Lash,D&Belfiore,G.Habits of Success for Learning,Work,and Well-Being[R].Oregon:Next Generation Learning Challenges,2017.
[11]Lash,D&Belfiore,G.Welcome to the MyWays Student Success Framework[R].Oregon:Next Generation Learning Challenges,2017.
[12]Fadel,C.Bialik,M&Trilling,B.Four-Dimensional Education:The Competencies Learners Need to Succeed[M].South Carolina:Createspace,2015.
[13]Lash,D&Belfiore,G.Content Knowledge for the Life Students Will Lead[R].Oregon:Next Generation Learning Challenges,2017.
[14]Jacquelyn H.Gentry&Mary Campbell.Developing Adolescents:A Reference for Professionals[C].Washington,D.C.:American Psychological Association,2002.
[15]Wilson,D.S.Evolution for Everyone:How Darwin’s Theory Can Change the Way We Think About Our Lives[M].New York:Delacorte Press,2007.
[16]Halpern.Robert Halpern,Youth,Education&the Role of Society[M].Massachusetts:Harvard Education Press,2013.
[17]Lash,D&Belfiore,G.Learning Design for Broader,Deeper Competencies[R].Oregon:Next Generation Learning Challenges,2017.
[18]Tom Vander Ark,Mary Ryerse.Smart Cities That Work for Everyone:7 Keys to Education&Employment[M].Federal Way:Getting Smart,2014.
[19]Peter C.Brown,Henry L,Roediger&Mark A.McDaniel.Make It Stick:The Science of Successful Learning[M].Massachusetts:Harvard Education Press,2014.
[20]VP Dennen,KJ Burner.The Cognitive Apprenticeship Model in Educational Practice[M].Florida:Handbook of Research on Educational Communications and Technology,2008.
[21]Halpern,R.The Means to Grow Up:Reinventing Apprenticeship as a Developmental Support in Adolescence[M].New York:International Journal of Lifelong Education,2009.
[22]Smith C.Preparing Youth to Thrive:Promising Practices in Social&Emotional Learning[R].Michigan:Weikart Center for Youth Program Quality,2016.
[23]Agency by Design.Educator Resources webpage[DB/OL].http://agencybydesign.org.s219538.gridserver.com/edresources/,2017-09-02.
[24]Libow Martinez S,Stager G.Invent to Learn:Making,Thinkering&Engineering in the classroom[M].Torrance:Constructing Modern Knowledge Press,2013.
[25]Barron,A.Why we use digital badges at Del Lago Academy.Getting Smart[EB/OL].http://www.gettingsmart.com/2017/03/why-we-usedigital-badges-at-del-lago-academy/,2018-08-08.
[26]杨洁.能力本位:当代教师专业标准建设的基石[J].教育研究,2014,35(10):79-85.
[27]张杏娟,刘恩山.5E教学模式在发展学生能力和课程建设中的价值及作用[J].生物学通报,2015,50(2):21-23.
[28]李扬清.课外活动对学生能力培养的研究[D].昆明:云南师范大学,2006.
[29]钱乃余,王家敏.基于职业教育能力本位的教育观[J].职教论坛,2013,(2):4-6.