叶尔羌高原鳅仔鱼饥饿试验及不可逆点的确定
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摘要
为了更好地增殖和保护叶尔羌高原鳅(Triplophysa yarkandensis)这一塔里木河水系优势土著鱼类,采用实验生态法,在水温(20±1)℃条件下,利用人工孵化获得叶尔羌高原鳅初孵仔鱼进行饥饿试验,确定仔鱼的不可逆点(PNR),并研究延迟投饵对仔鱼成活和生长的影响。结果显示,叶尔羌高原鳅仔鱼3日龄即开口摄食,进入混合营养期,仔鱼卵黄囊于6～7日龄消耗完毕,混合营养期维持仅为3～4 d。初次摄食点出现在3日龄时,摄食率仅为16.7%,初次摄食率最高达在7日龄,摄食率可达90%,PNR出现在仔鱼孵出后的8～9日龄。3日龄后饥饿对仔鱼卵黄吸收速度影响显著((P<0.05);摄食仔鱼生长呈线性增加,饥饿仔鱼生长呈现先升高后降低的趋势;其最佳投喂时间应在仔鱼开口后4 d之内。研究表明,叶尔羌高原鳅仔鱼个体较小,对于初次摄食饵料的选择范围较小,食谱范围窄,初孵仔鱼死亡率高,对于高原鳅属仔鱼开口饵料有待进一步开发。
The point of no return(PNR) reflects the starvation tolerance of larval fish and provides an important reference for artificial breeding. Triplophysa(Hedinichthys) yarkandensis(Day) is a dominant indigenous fish widely distributed in the Tarim River basin, but populations are rapidly declining due to pollution and overfishing. In this study, we conducted a starvation experiment on T. yarkandensis larvae to determine the PNR and the impact of delayed feeding on the survival rate and growth. The objectives were to provide basic biological data for early stage development of T. yarkandensis and to support protection of native fish and the ecology of the Tarim River basin. T. yarkandensis larvae were obtained by artificial reproduction and cultured at(20.0±1.0)℃ and pH 7.0-7.5. Two groups of T. yarkandensis larvae were set with 600 individuals in each group; a test group that was not fed and a control group that was fed regularly. Beginning on day 2 after hatching, 30 T. yarkandensis larvae were selected daily from each treatment and total length, long and short diameters of the yolk sac and growth condition were recorded. T. yarkandensis larvae began foraging three days after hatching, entering the mixed nutritional period that lasted 3-4 days. The feeding rate was 16.7% on day 3 and increased to 90% by day 7. The yolk sac was exhausted within 6-7 days after hatching and the PNR of T. yarkandensis larvae was 8-9 days after hatching. After 3 days, the absorption rate of the yolk sac was affected significantly by starvation(P<0.05). Larval growth rate in the feeding group was linear while growth in the starvation group initially increased and then decreased. Results indicate that feeding of T. yarkandensis larvae should begin within 4 days of hatching at a water temperature of 20℃ and the best time to transfer larvae to culture pools is day 6-7 after hatching. The individual larvae of the T. yarkandensis are small and the selection range for the initial feeding is narrow, resulting in a high mortality rate for newly hatched larvae. Thus, a method for the initial feeding of T. yarkandensis larvae should be developed to increase survival rate.
The point of no return(PNR) reflects the starvation tolerance of larval fish and provides an important reference for artificial breeding. Triplophysa(Hedinichthys) yarkandensis(Day) is a dominant indigenous fish widely distributed in the Tarim River basin, but populations are rapidly declining due to pollution and overfishing. In this study, we conducted a starvation experiment on T. yarkandensis larvae to determine the PNR and the impact of delayed feeding on the survival rate and growth. The objectives were to provide basic biological data for early stage development of T. yarkandensis and to support protection of native fish and the ecology of the Tarim River basin. T. yarkandensis larvae were obtained by artificial reproduction and cultured at(20.0±1.0)℃ and pH 7.0-7.5. Two groups of T. yarkandensis larvae were set with 600 individuals in each group; a test group that was not fed and a control group that was fed regularly. Beginning on day 2 after hatching, 30 T. yarkandensis larvae were selected daily from each treatment and total length, long and short diameters of the yolk sac and growth condition were recorded. T. yarkandensis larvae began foraging three days after hatching, entering the mixed nutritional period that lasted 3-4 days. The feeding rate was 16.7% on day 3 and increased to 90% by day 7. The yolk sac was exhausted within 6-7 days after hatching and the PNR of T. yarkandensis larvae was 8-9 days after hatching. After 3 days, the absorption rate of the yolk sac was affected significantly by starvation(P<0.05). Larval growth rate in the feeding group was linear while growth in the starvation group initially increased and then decreased. Results indicate that feeding of T. yarkandensis larvae should begin within 4 days of hatching at a water temperature of 20℃ and the best time to transfer larvae to culture pools is day 6-7 after hatching. The individual larvae of the T. yarkandensis are small and the selection range for the initial feeding is narrow, resulting in a high mortality rate for newly hatched larvae. Thus, a method for the initial feeding of T. yarkandensis larvae should be developed to increase survival rate.
引文
鲍宝龙,苏锦祥,殷名称,等,1998. 延迟投饵对真鲷、牙鲆仔鱼早期阶段摄食、存活及生长的影响[J]. 水产学报,22(1):33-38.
陈国柱,方展强,2007. 饥饿对唐鱼仔鱼摄食和生长的影响[J]. 动物学杂志,42(5): 49-61.
段国庆,江河,胡王,等,2013. 黄鳝仔鱼饥饿试验与不可逆点的确定[J]. 南方农业学报,(6):1036-1040.
海萨,杜劲松,刘昆仑,等, 2006. 白斑狗鱼仔、稚鱼的摄食与生长[J]. 水利渔业, 26(6): 40-43.
黄海,杨宁,张希,2012. 马拉瓜丽体鱼仔鱼饥饿试验及不可逆点的确定[J]. 南方水产科学,8(2):43-50.
菅玉霞,房慧,张少春,等,2014. 大泷六线鱼仔鱼饥饿试验及不可逆点的研究[J]. 海洋科学,38(3): 111-115.
李秀玉,林小涛,廖志洪,等,2005. 温度对黄颡鱼仔鱼摄食强度及饥饿耐受力的影响[J]. 生态科学,24(3): 243-245.
李忠利,严太明,2009. 贝氏高原鳅胚胎和仔鱼的形态发育[J]. 水生生物学报, 33(4): 636-642.
骆小年,李军,刘刚,等,2011. 鸭绿江水系唇鱼骨胚胎发育、仔鱼饥饿及其不可逆点[J]. 中国水产科学, 18(6):1278-1285.
马建波,茅沈丽,梁桂洪,等,2012. 杂交鳢仔鱼饥饿试验及不可逆点的确定[J]. 水生态学杂志, 33(3): 90-95.
彭志兰,柳敏海,罗海忠,等, 2010. 条石鲷仔鱼饥饿试验及不可逆点的确定[J]. 水产科学, 29(3): 152-155.
秦志清,2014. 黑莓鲈仔鱼饥饿试验及PNR的确定[J]. 福建农业学报,29(12):1167-1173.
万瑞景,李显森,庄志猛,等,2004. 鳀鱼仔鱼饥饿试验及不可逆点的确定[J]. 水产学报,28(1):79-83.
王华,郭延蜀,左林,等,2009. 安氏高原鳅胚胎和仔鱼发育的观察[J]. 水产科学, 28(12):721-725.
王剑伟,乔晔,陶玉岭,1999. 稀有鮈鲫仔鱼的摄食和耐饥饿能力[J]. 水生生物学报,23(6):648-654.
王茂元,2015. 斑鳜仔鱼饥饿试验及不可逆点的确定[J]. 广东海洋大学学报, 35(4):99-103.
王有基,宋立民,姚荣荣,等,2007. 泥鳅仔鱼发育、摄食与不可逆点的确立[J]. 水利渔业, 27(6):17-20.
杨明生,肖汉兵,曾令兵,等,2012. 温度对花斑副沙鳅仔鱼发育、摄食及不可逆点的影响[J]. 动物学杂志, 47(4):114-120.
叶忠平,吕业坚,林岗,2012. 细鳞斜颌鲴仔鱼饥饿试验与不可逆点的确定[J]. 南方农业学报,43(4): 536-539.
殷名称, 1987. 鲢、鳙、草鱼、银鲫卵黄囊期仔鱼的摄食、生长和耐饥饿能力[A]. 鱼类学论文集(第六辑)[C].北京:科学出版社:69-79.
殷名称,1991. 鱼类早期生活史研究与其进展[J]. 水产学报,15(4):348-358.
张永泉,尹家胜,杜佳,等,2009. 哲罗鱼仔鱼饥饿实验及不可逆生长点的确定[J]. 水生生物学报, 33(5): 945-950.
朱松泉,1989.中国条鳅志[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社:68-132.
Alderdice D F, Rosenthal H, Velsen F P J, 1979. Influence of salinity and cadmium on capsule strenth in Pacific herring eggs[J]. Helgol Wisss Meeresunters, 32: 149-162.
Blaxex J H S, Hempel G, 1963. The influence of egg size on herring larvae[J]. J Cons Int Explor Mer, 28(2) : 211-240.
陈国柱,方展强,2007. 饥饿对唐鱼仔鱼摄食和生长的影响[J]. 动物学杂志,42(5): 49-61.
段国庆,江河,胡王,等,2013. 黄鳝仔鱼饥饿试验与不可逆点的确定[J]. 南方农业学报,(6):1036-1040.
海萨,杜劲松,刘昆仑,等, 2006. 白斑狗鱼仔、稚鱼的摄食与生长[J]. 水利渔业, 26(6): 40-43.
黄海,杨宁,张希,2012. 马拉瓜丽体鱼仔鱼饥饿试验及不可逆点的确定[J]. 南方水产科学,8(2):43-50.
菅玉霞,房慧,张少春,等,2014. 大泷六线鱼仔鱼饥饿试验及不可逆点的研究[J]. 海洋科学,38(3): 111-115.
李秀玉,林小涛,廖志洪,等,2005. 温度对黄颡鱼仔鱼摄食强度及饥饿耐受力的影响[J]. 生态科学,24(3): 243-245.
李忠利,严太明,2009. 贝氏高原鳅胚胎和仔鱼的形态发育[J]. 水生生物学报, 33(4): 636-642.
骆小年,李军,刘刚,等,2011. 鸭绿江水系唇鱼骨胚胎发育、仔鱼饥饿及其不可逆点[J]. 中国水产科学, 18(6):1278-1285.
马建波,茅沈丽,梁桂洪,等,2012. 杂交鳢仔鱼饥饿试验及不可逆点的确定[J]. 水生态学杂志, 33(3): 90-95.
彭志兰,柳敏海,罗海忠,等, 2010. 条石鲷仔鱼饥饿试验及不可逆点的确定[J]. 水产科学, 29(3): 152-155.
秦志清,2014. 黑莓鲈仔鱼饥饿试验及PNR的确定[J]. 福建农业学报,29(12):1167-1173.
万瑞景,李显森,庄志猛,等,2004. 鳀鱼仔鱼饥饿试验及不可逆点的确定[J]. 水产学报,28(1):79-83.
王华,郭延蜀,左林,等,2009. 安氏高原鳅胚胎和仔鱼发育的观察[J]. 水产科学, 28(12):721-725.
王剑伟,乔晔,陶玉岭,1999. 稀有鮈鲫仔鱼的摄食和耐饥饿能力[J]. 水生生物学报,23(6):648-654.
王茂元,2015. 斑鳜仔鱼饥饿试验及不可逆点的确定[J]. 广东海洋大学学报, 35(4):99-103.
王有基,宋立民,姚荣荣,等,2007. 泥鳅仔鱼发育、摄食与不可逆点的确立[J]. 水利渔业, 27(6):17-20.
杨明生,肖汉兵,曾令兵,等,2012. 温度对花斑副沙鳅仔鱼发育、摄食及不可逆点的影响[J]. 动物学杂志, 47(4):114-120.
叶忠平,吕业坚,林岗,2012. 细鳞斜颌鲴仔鱼饥饿试验与不可逆点的确定[J]. 南方农业学报,43(4): 536-539.
殷名称, 1987. 鲢、鳙、草鱼、银鲫卵黄囊期仔鱼的摄食、生长和耐饥饿能力[A]. 鱼类学论文集(第六辑)[C].北京:科学出版社:69-79.
殷名称,1991. 鱼类早期生活史研究与其进展[J]. 水产学报,15(4):348-358.
张永泉,尹家胜,杜佳,等,2009. 哲罗鱼仔鱼饥饿实验及不可逆生长点的确定[J]. 水生生物学报, 33(5): 945-950.
朱松泉,1989.中国条鳅志[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社:68-132.
Alderdice D F, Rosenthal H, Velsen F P J, 1979. Influence of salinity and cadmium on capsule strenth in Pacific herring eggs[J]. Helgol Wisss Meeresunters, 32: 149-162.
Blaxex J H S, Hempel G, 1963. The influence of egg size on herring larvae[J]. J Cons Int Explor Mer, 28(2) : 211-240.