干气密封螺旋槽衍生结构演变规律与工况适用性
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摘要
研究了高压低速和高速低压两种典型工况条件下干气密封(DGS)螺旋槽的衍生结构演变规律与工况适用性.基于气体润滑理论,建立了槽堰组合螺旋槽DGS数学模型,采用有限差分法求解稳态雷诺方程.基于完全析因设计方法,数值计算了不同槽堰组合螺旋槽DGS的稳态密封性能随开槽面积比的变化规律,对比分析了槽堰组合螺旋槽DGS与螺旋槽DGS的密封性能最优值,并提出了不同工况条件下进一步提高螺旋槽DGS气膜刚度的结构改型方向.结果表明:通过基体螺旋槽与附加密封堰的组合设计有望显著提高螺旋槽DGS的气膜刚度,其中在高速低压条件下附加密封堰设在上游侧中间的双流通槽DGS的气膜刚度增幅达到20%;存在不同的最佳开槽面积比使得槽堰组合螺旋槽获得最大的开启力和气膜刚度.
The structural relationship and working condition applicability of typical derived structures of spiral groove dry gas seal(DGS) were investigated under two conditions, i.e. high-speed and low-pressure, high-pressure and lowspeed. The mathematical model of typical groove-land combined spiral groove DGS was established based on gas lubrication theory, and then the film pressure distribution was obtained by solving steady Reynolds equation utilizing finite difference method. Based on full factorial design method, the steady performances of typical groove-land combined spiral groove DGSs were computed numerically at different values of groove area ratio, comparison studies between typical groove-land combined spiral groove DGSs and common spiral groove DGS were conducted, and further strategy to enhance film stiffness of spiral groove DGS by structural modification was proposed. The results show that film stiffness of spiral groove DGS could be improved remarkably via the proper combinational design between basis spiral groove and additional land, thereinto film stiffness of the multi-path spiral groove DGS, where the additional land locates at the middle and upstream of basis spiral groove, was 20% larger than that of spiral groove DGS at high-speed and low-pressure. Moreover, the maximum opening force and film stiffness of groove-land combined spiral groove DGS could be obtained at different optimal values of groove area ratio.
The structural relationship and working condition applicability of typical derived structures of spiral groove dry gas seal(DGS) were investigated under two conditions, i.e. high-speed and low-pressure, high-pressure and lowspeed. The mathematical model of typical groove-land combined spiral groove DGS was established based on gas lubrication theory, and then the film pressure distribution was obtained by solving steady Reynolds equation utilizing finite difference method. Based on full factorial design method, the steady performances of typical groove-land combined spiral groove DGSs were computed numerically at different values of groove area ratio, comparison studies between typical groove-land combined spiral groove DGSs and common spiral groove DGS were conducted, and further strategy to enhance film stiffness of spiral groove DGS by structural modification was proposed. The results show that film stiffness of spiral groove DGS could be improved remarkably via the proper combinational design between basis spiral groove and additional land, thereinto film stiffness of the multi-path spiral groove DGS, where the additional land locates at the middle and upstream of basis spiral groove, was 20% larger than that of spiral groove DGS at high-speed and low-pressure. Moreover, the maximum opening force and film stiffness of groove-land combined spiral groove DGS could be obtained at different optimal values of groove area ratio.
引文
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[22]Pecht G,Hamaker J.Improved non-contacting mechanical face seal[J].Sealing Technology,1995,(24):10.
[23]Tao Danping.Study on the leakage characteristics of the combined spiral groove dry gas seal[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University,2013(in Chinese)[[陶丹萍.组合螺旋型槽干气密封泄漏特性研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2013].].
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[25]Peng Xudong,Jiang Jinbo,Bai Shaoxian,et al.Structural parameter optimization of spiral groove dry gas seal under low or medium pressure[J].CIESC Journal,2014,65(11):4536-4542(in Chinese)[彭旭东,江锦波,白少先,等.中低压干气密封螺旋槽结构参数优化[J].化工学报,2014,65(11):4536-4542].doi:10.3969/j.issn.0438-1157.2014.11.046.
[2]Gabriel R P.Fundamental of spiral groove noncontacting face seals[J].Lubrication Engineering,1994,50(3):215-224.
[3]Salant R F,Homiller S J.The effects of shallow groove patterns on mechanical seal leakage[J].Tribology Transactions,1992,35:142-148.doi:10.1080/10402009208982101.
[4]Liu X Y,Liu X W.Influence of groove molded lines on the lubrication performance of water-lubricated spiral groove thrust bearings[J].Advanced Materials Research,2013,694-697:538-542.doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.694-697.
[5]Wu Zongxiang,Hao Muming,Gu Yongquan.Performance research of dry gas seal at low speed[J].Fluid Machinery,1994,22(6):7-11(in Chinese)[吴宗祥,郝木明,顾永泉.低速干气端面机械密封性能研究[J].流体机械,1994,22(6):7-11].
[6]Hu Danmei,Wu Zongxiang.Performance analysis of oblique groove gas face seal[J].Fluid Machinery,1996,24(9):16-22(in Chinese)[胡丹梅,吴宗祥.直线槽端面气体密封分析计算[J].流体机械,1996,24(9):16-22].
[7]Chen Y,Jiang J B,Peng X D.Dynamic characteristics and transient sealing performance analysis of hyperelliptic curve groove dry gas seals[J].Tribology International,2017,116:217-228.doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2017.07.017.
[8]Hashimoto H.Optimization of groove geometry for a thrust air bearing according to various objective functions[J].ASME Journal of Tribology,2008,131(4):327-329.
[9]Shen C,Khonsari M M.Numerical optimization of texture shape for parallel surfaces under unidirectional and bidirectional sliding[J].Tribology International,2015,82:1-11.doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2014.09.022.
[10]Wei Chao,Chen Guoming,Luan Zhicun,et al.Optimization on the hydrodynamic groove geometry of rotary seals for automotive transmissions[J].Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology,2016,36(1):25-30(in Chinese)[魏超,陈国明,栾智存,等.车用旋转密封件动压槽型线优化研究[J].北京理工大学学报,2016,36(1):25-30].
[11]Huang Li,Peng Xudong,Bai Shaoxian,et al.Comparison study on performance of three types of dry gas seal with different grooves[J].Fluid Machinery,2010,38(8):14-17(in Chinese)[黄莉,彭旭东,白少先,等.不同型槽端面干气密封的性能对比研究[J].流体机械,2010,38(8):14-17].
[12]Peng Xudong,Liu Kun,Bai Shaoxian,et al.Dynamic opening characteristics of dry gas seals with typical types of spiral grooves[J].CIESC Journal,2013,64(1):326-333(in Chinese)[彭旭东,刘坤,白少先,等.典型螺旋槽端面干式气体密封动压开启性能[J].化工学报,2013,64(1):326-333].
[13]Peng Xudong,Huyan Chenlong,Bai Shaoxian,et al.Design of a biomorphic groove dry gas seal based on bird wing outlines[J].Tribology,2012,32(6):563-569(in Chinese)[彭旭东,呼延晨龙,白少先,等.基于鸟翼轮廓的干式气体密封仿生型槽设计[J].摩擦学学报,2012,32(6):563-569].doi:10.16078/j.tribology.2012.06.008.
[14]Peng Xudong,Jiang Jinbo,Bai Shaoxian,et al.Performance analysis and selection of a bionic bird wing multi-array spiral groove dry gas seal[J].Tribology,2015,35(3):274-281(in Chinese)[彭旭东,江锦波,白少先,等.仿鸟翼微列螺旋槽干气密封性能分析与选型[J].摩擦学学报,2015,35(3):274-281].doi:10.16078/j.tribology.2015.03.005.
[15]Jiang J B,Peng X D,Li J Y,et al.A comparative study on the performance of typical types of bionic groove dry gas seal based on bird wing[J].Journal of Bionic Engineering,2016,13(2):324-334.doi:10.1016/S1672-6529(16)60305-0.
[16]Peng Xudong,Tan Lili,Sheng Songen,et al.Static analysis of a spiral-groove dry gas seal with an inner annular groove[J].Tribology,2008,28(6):507-511(in Chinese)[彭旭东,谭丽丽,盛颂恩,等.带内环槽的螺旋槽干式气体端面密封的静压性能[J].摩擦学学报,2008,28(6):507-511].doi:10.3321/j.issn:1004-0595.2008.06.005.
[17]German A B,Nicolay D F,Sergry A P,et al.Shaft seal[P].US:6213472B1,1997-12.08.
[18]John S S.Dry gas seal system design standards for centrifugal compressor applications[C].Proceedings of the 31th Turbomachinery Symposium,2001.
[19]Peng Xudong,Huang Li,Bai Shaoxian,et al.Numerical analysis of sealing performance of dry gas seal with goose-grooves[J].CIESCJournal,2010,61(12):3193-3199(in Chinese)[彭旭东,黄莉,白少先,等.雁型槽干式气体端面密封性能的数值分析[J].化工学报,2010,61(12):3193-3199].
[20]Peng Xudong,Zhang Fengyun,Bai Shaoxian,et al.Bionic improvement of a spiral grooved dry gas seal at mid-and-low speed[J].Tribology,2014,34(1):43-50(in Chinese)[彭旭东,张风云,白少先,等.中低速下干气密封型槽仿生改进研究[J].摩擦学学报,2014,34(1):43-50].doi:10.16078/j.tribology.2014.01.006.
[21]Peng Xudong,Jiang Jinbo,Bai Shaoxian,et al.Numerical analysis of characteristics of a bionic cluster spiral groove dry gas seal[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2015,51(15):20-26(in Chinese)[彭旭东,江锦波,白少先,等.仿生集束螺旋槽干式气体密封特性的数值分析[J].机械工程学报,2015,51(15):20-26].
[22]Pecht G,Hamaker J.Improved non-contacting mechanical face seal[J].Sealing Technology,1995,(24):10.
[23]Tao Danping.Study on the leakage characteristics of the combined spiral groove dry gas seal[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University,2013(in Chinese)[[陶丹萍.组合螺旋型槽干气密封泄漏特性研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2013].].
[24]Haselbacher P,Tran H.High-performance lift augmentation dynamic seals for turbine bearing compartments[J].Sealing Technology,2004,1:5-10.
[25]Peng Xudong,Jiang Jinbo,Bai Shaoxian,et al.Structural parameter optimization of spiral groove dry gas seal under low or medium pressure[J].CIESC Journal,2014,65(11):4536-4542(in Chinese)[彭旭东,江锦波,白少先,等.中低压干气密封螺旋槽结构参数优化[J].化工学报,2014,65(11):4536-4542].doi:10.3969/j.issn.0438-1157.2014.11.046.