滚动轴承打滑蹭伤微观分析
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摘要
为进一步认识滚动轴承打滑蹭伤机制,借助X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、俄歇电子能谱仪(AES)、能谱分析仪(EDX)和X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)等手段,对打滑蹭伤轴承内圈滚道蹭伤带表面进行微观分析。结果表明:打滑蹭伤轴承内圈滚道蹭伤带表面磨损严重,粗糙度较大且发生氧化磨损形成了FeO,这可能是由于滚动轴承打滑蹭伤瞬间滚子与内圈滚道间润滑油膜遭到破坏,使两者发生了干摩擦;蹭伤带表面组织发生马氏体向奥氏体转变,且蹭伤带表面C元素含量较高,这可能是由于蹭伤瞬间形成的较高闪温达到奥氏体化温度,使得轴承内圈滚道表面发生奥氏体相变,随后润滑油迅速冷却作用使得奥氏体来不及完全转变成马氏体;由于残余奥氏体具有比马氏体更强的溶碳性,因而蹭伤带表面C元素含量较高。
In order to further understand the mechanism of the skidding damage of rolling bearing,the microscopic analysis of the skidding damage belt on the inner ring raceway of rolling bearing was carried out by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy(XPS),Auger electron spectroscopy(AES),Energy Dispersive X-ray(EDX) and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The results show that the surface of the belt on the inner ring raceway has serious wear,its roughness is larger and oxidation wear occurs to form FeO.This may be due to the damage of the lubricating oil film between the roller and the inner ring raceway at the moment of the skidding damage of the rolling bearing,which causes dry friction between them.The transformation of martensite to austenite occurs on the surface of the belt,and the surface of the belt has higher C element content.This may be due to the higher flash temperature formed by the skidding damage,which reaches the austenitizing temperature and causes the austenite transformation of the bearing inner ring raceway surface,and then the rapid cooling of lubricating oil makes the transformation of austenite to martensite incompletely.The higher content of C element on the surface of the belt is the result of the retained austenite having stronger carbon solubility than martensite.
In order to further understand the mechanism of the skidding damage of rolling bearing,the microscopic analysis of the skidding damage belt on the inner ring raceway of rolling bearing was carried out by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy(XPS),Auger electron spectroscopy(AES),Energy Dispersive X-ray(EDX) and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The results show that the surface of the belt on the inner ring raceway has serious wear,its roughness is larger and oxidation wear occurs to form FeO.This may be due to the damage of the lubricating oil film between the roller and the inner ring raceway at the moment of the skidding damage of the rolling bearing,which causes dry friction between them.The transformation of martensite to austenite occurs on the surface of the belt,and the surface of the belt has higher C element content.This may be due to the higher flash temperature formed by the skidding damage,which reaches the austenitizing temperature and causes the austenite transformation of the bearing inner ring raceway surface,and then the rapid cooling of lubricating oil makes the transformation of austenite to martensite incompletely.The higher content of C element on the surface of the belt is the result of the retained austenite having stronger carbon solubility than martensite.
引文
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[12]YAMASHITA T,HAYES P.Analysis of XPS spectra of Fe2+and Fe3+ions in oxide materials[J].Applied Surface,2008,254(8):2441-2449.
[13]HAGER C H,DOLL G L,EVANS R D,et al.Minimum quantity lubrication of M50/M50and M50/Si3N4tribological interfaces[J].Wear,2011,271(9):1761-1771.
[14]GULBRANSEN E A,RUKA R.Kinetics and mechanism of solid phase reactions in oxide film on pure iron[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry,2002,43(3):697-703.
[15]陈涛,刘献礼,李素燕,等.高速硬切削加工表面白层形成机理研究[J].机械工程学报,2015,51(23):182-188.CHEN T,LIU X L,LI S Y,et al.Mechanism of white layer formation on machined surface of high-speed hard machining[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2015,51(23):182-188.
[2]HARRIS T A,KOTZALAS M N.Rolling bearing analysis:advanced concepts of bearing technology[M].5th ed.New York:Taylor&Francis,2007.
[3]李军宁.高速滚动轴承打滑失效问题研究进展[J].煤矿机械,2017,38(3):144-145.LI J N.Review of skidding damage problems in high speed rolling bearings[J].Coal Mine Machinery,2017,38(3):144-145.
[4]TASSONE B A.Roller bearing slip and skidding damage[J].Journal of Aircraft,1975,12(4):281-287.
[5]AVERBACH B L,BAMBERGER E N.Analysis of bearing incidents in aircraft gas turbine mainshaft bearing[J].Tribology Transactions,1991,34(2):241-247.
[6]方明伟.航空发动机主轴后轴承打滑损伤失效分析[D].贵阳:贵州大学,2017.
[7]SELVARAJ A,MARAPPAN R.Experimentalanalysis of factors influencing the cage slip in cylindrical roller bearing[J].The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2011,53(5):635-644.
[8]李军宁,陈渭,吕少璞,等.高速滚动轴承滑蹭试验系统研制[J].摩擦学学报,2012,32(3):221-226.LI J N,CHEN W,LV S P,et al.Development of a new skid damage testing system for high speed rolling bearing[J].Tribology,2012,32(3):221-226.
[9]于仁溥,冯仰园.滚子轴承的打滑与防滑[J].润滑与密封,1985,20(3):21-24.YU R P,FENG Y Y.Roller bearing slip and skid prevention[J].Lubrication Engineering,1985,20(3):21-24.
[10]CHANG Y R,LU M,WANG S W,et al.Corrosion of nickelbased alloy G30 in the stratum water containing H2S/CO2[J].Chemical Research in Chinese Universities,2014,30(3):500-508.
[11]张晓宇.核电蒸汽发生器传热管切向微动磨损机理研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2013:82.
[12]YAMASHITA T,HAYES P.Analysis of XPS spectra of Fe2+and Fe3+ions in oxide materials[J].Applied Surface,2008,254(8):2441-2449.
[13]HAGER C H,DOLL G L,EVANS R D,et al.Minimum quantity lubrication of M50/M50and M50/Si3N4tribological interfaces[J].Wear,2011,271(9):1761-1771.
[14]GULBRANSEN E A,RUKA R.Kinetics and mechanism of solid phase reactions in oxide film on pure iron[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry,2002,43(3):697-703.
[15]陈涛,刘献礼,李素燕,等.高速硬切削加工表面白层形成机理研究[J].机械工程学报,2015,51(23):182-188.CHEN T,LIU X L,LI S Y,et al.Mechanism of white layer formation on machined surface of high-speed hard machining[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2015,51(23):182-188.