正弦指数曲线型开沟刀片结构参数优化
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摘要
为获取正弦指数曲线型开沟刀片的最佳结构参数,依据正弦指数曲线方程和二次正交旋转中心组合设计方案,设计了15种型式的开沟刀片,并进行土槽试验。以弯折角、弯曲半径、切土角为影响因子,以功率消耗和沟深稳定性系数为响应值,利用Design-Expert 8.0.6软件进行回归分析和响应面分析,探求单因子及交互因子对响应值的影响效应,并结合非线性优化计算方法,对正弦指数曲线型开沟刀片的结构参数进行优化计算。结果表明:在土壤坚实度为0.29 MPa、土壤含水率16.2%的条件下,各因子对功率消耗的影响贡献由大到小为:弯折角、切土角、弯曲半径;对沟深稳定性系数的影响贡献由大到小为:切土角、弯折角、弯曲半径。优化所得正弦指数曲线型开沟刀片最佳结构参数:弯折角为86.75°,弯曲半径为12 mm,切土角为13.8°,此时功率消耗理论最小值为32.32 k W,沟深稳定性系数为95.6%,验证试验表明功率消耗最小值为34.27 k W,沟深稳定性系数为92.82%,理论值与试验值误差小于10%,验证了回归模型的正确性。将优化前、后和现有开沟刀片在2种不同土壤条件下进行对比试验,结果表明优化后刀片的功率消耗比优化前分别下降4.28 k W和4.23 k W,沟深稳定性系数分别提高7.12个百分点和7.02个百分点,比现有开沟刀片下降7.68 k W和6.91 k W,沟深稳定性系数提高14.34个百分点和8.34个百分点。研究成果为正弦指数曲线型开沟刀片的优化设计提供了理论参考。
In order to obtain the optimum structure parameters of sine exponential curve type trenching blade,according to the equation of sine exponential curve,totally 15 types of furrowing blade were designed and test in soil bin was conducted. A central composite design method of the second order regression orthogonal was carried out with bending angle,bending radius and sliding cutting angle as experiment factors and with power consumption and stability of groove depth as response values. By using Design-Expert 8. 0. 6 regression analysis method and regression surface method,both single factor and interactive factor on response values were analyzed. Combined with nonlinear optimization calculation method,the structural parameters were calculated optimally. The results obtained under the conditions of soil strength was 0. 29 MPa,moisture content was 16. 2%,in terms of significant degree,the influence factors of power consumption were bending angle,sliding cutting angle and bending radius; the influence factors of stability of groove depth were sliding cutting angle,bending angle and bending radius. The optimum parameter condition of the sine exponential curve type trenching blade after optimizing was86. 75°of bending angle,12 mm of bending radius and 13. 8°of sliding cutting angle. At this time,power consumption achieved theoretical optimum value of 32. 32 k W,stability of groove depth was 95. 6%.Through verification by an experiment under optimum condition, the experiment value of power consumption was 34. 27 k W,stability of groove depth was 92. 82%,which indicated that the experiment results and predicted results were consistent,and regression models established by the experiment were appropriate. According to comparison of trench experiment before and after parameter optimization under two different soil conditions,power consumption fell by 4. 28 k W and 4. 23 k W,respectively; groove depth stability were increased by 7. 12 and 7. 02 percentage points, respectively. According to comparison of existed trenching blade under two different soil conditions,power consumption fell by7. 68 k W and 6. 91 k W, respectively; groove depth stability were increased by 14. 34 and 8. 34 percentage points,respectively. Research result of the article provides a theoretical basis for the sine curve type furrowing blade optimization design.
In order to obtain the optimum structure parameters of sine exponential curve type trenching blade,according to the equation of sine exponential curve,totally 15 types of furrowing blade were designed and test in soil bin was conducted. A central composite design method of the second order regression orthogonal was carried out with bending angle,bending radius and sliding cutting angle as experiment factors and with power consumption and stability of groove depth as response values. By using Design-Expert 8. 0. 6 regression analysis method and regression surface method,both single factor and interactive factor on response values were analyzed. Combined with nonlinear optimization calculation method,the structural parameters were calculated optimally. The results obtained under the conditions of soil strength was 0. 29 MPa,moisture content was 16. 2%,in terms of significant degree,the influence factors of power consumption were bending angle,sliding cutting angle and bending radius; the influence factors of stability of groove depth were sliding cutting angle,bending angle and bending radius. The optimum parameter condition of the sine exponential curve type trenching blade after optimizing was86. 75°of bending angle,12 mm of bending radius and 13. 8°of sliding cutting angle. At this time,power consumption achieved theoretical optimum value of 32. 32 k W,stability of groove depth was 95. 6%.Through verification by an experiment under optimum condition, the experiment value of power consumption was 34. 27 k W,stability of groove depth was 92. 82%,which indicated that the experiment results and predicted results were consistent,and regression models established by the experiment were appropriate. According to comparison of trench experiment before and after parameter optimization under two different soil conditions,power consumption fell by 4. 28 k W and 4. 23 k W,respectively; groove depth stability were increased by 7. 12 and 7. 02 percentage points, respectively. According to comparison of existed trenching blade under two different soil conditions,power consumption fell by7. 68 k W and 6. 91 k W, respectively; groove depth stability were increased by 14. 34 and 8. 34 percentage points,respectively. Research result of the article provides a theoretical basis for the sine curve type furrowing blade optimization design.
引文
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5 曲国良,丁为民,彭嵩植.旋耕弯刀侧切刃曲线分析及新型曲线的推导[J].农业机械学报,1991,22(2):22-27.QU Guoliang,DING Weimin,PENG Songzhi.Analysis on edge-curves of rotary blades and derivation of new edge-curves[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,1991,22(2):22-27.(in Chinese)
6 彭嵩植,曲国良.旋耕弯刀切土能耗理论分析及降低能耗的途径[J].南京农业大学学报,1991,14(1):94-99.PENG Songzhi,QU Guoliang.Calculation and theoretical analysis on energy consumption of rotary blades[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,1991,14(1):94-99.(in Chinese)
7 张居敏,周勇,夏俊芳,等.旋耕埋草机螺旋横刀的数学建模与参数分析[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(1):18-25.ZHANG Jumin,ZHOU Yong,XIA Junfang,et al.Mathematical modeling and analysis of helical blade for stubble burying rotary tiller[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2013,29(1):18-25.(in Chinese)
8 贾洪雷,汲文峰,韩伟峰,等.旋耕-破茬通用刀片结构参数优化试验[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(7):45-50.JIA Honglei,JI Wenfeng,HAN Weifeng,et al.Optimization experiment of structure parameters of tilling and stubble breaking universal blade[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2009,40(7):45-50.(in Chinese)
9 彭嵩植,吴德光.旋耕机工作部件设计方法的研究(一)[J].江苏大学学报:自然科学版,1982(3):5-25.PENG Songzhi,WU Deguang.Research of rotary cultivator design method for the working parts(Ⅰ)[J].Journal of Jiangsu University:Natural Science Edition,1982(3):5-25.(in Chinese)
10 彭嵩植,吴德光.旋耕机工作部件设计方法的研究(二)[J].江苏大学学报:自然科学版,1983(1):41-55.PENG Songzhi,WU Deguang.Research of rotary cultivator design method for the working parts(Ⅱ)[J].Journal of Jiangsu University:Natural Science Edition,1983(1):41-55.(in Chinese)
11 马洪亮,高焕文,魏淑艳.斜置驱动缺口圆盘刀功耗模型的试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(6):150-153.MA Hongliang,GAO Huanwen,WEI Shuyan.Experimental study on power mathematical model of the oblique driven tooth-disk[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2007,23(6):150-153.(in Chinese)
12 汲文峰,贾洪雷,佟金.旋耕-破茬仿生刀片田间作业性能的试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(12):24-30.JI Wenfeng,JIA Honglei,TONG Jin.Experiment on working performance of bionic blade for soil-rototilling and stubble-breaking[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(12):24-30.(in Chinese)
13 中国农业机械化科学研究院.农业机械设计手册[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2007.
14 田素博,杨继峰,王瑞丽,等.蔬菜嫁接机嫁接夹振动排序装置工作参数优化试验[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(6):9-16.TIAN Subo,YANG Jifeng,WANG Ruili,et al.Optimization experiment of operating parameters on vibration sorting clipdevice for vegetable grafting machine[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2014,30(6):9-16.(in Chinese)
15 王永维,唐燕海,王俊,等.蔬菜钵苗高速移栽机吊杯式移栽器参数优化[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(1):91-99.WANG Yongwei,TANG Yanhai,WANG Jun,et al.Parameter optimization for dibble-type planting apparatus of vegetable pot seed transplanter in high-speed condition[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(1):91-99.(in Chinese)
16 汲文峰,贾洪雷,佟金,等.通用刀片功率消耗影响因素分析与田间试验[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(2):35-41.JI Wenfeng,JIA Honglei,TONG Jin,et al.Analysis of influencing factors on power consumption and field test of universal blade[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2010,41(2):35-41.(in Chinese)
17 马云海,马圣胜,贾洪雷,等.仿生波纹形开沟器减黏降阻性能测试与分析[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(5):36-41.MA Yunhai,MA Shengsheng,JIA Honglei,et al.Measurement and analysis on reducing adhesion and resistance of bionicripple opener[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2014,30(5):36-41.(in Chinese)
18 顾耀权,贾洪雷,郭慧,等.滑刀式开沟器设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2013,44(5):38-42.GU Yaoquan,JIA Honglei,GUO Hui,et al.Design and experiment of sliding knife furrow opener[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(5):38-42.(in Chinese)
19 JB/T 11908—2014农用圆盘开沟机[S].2014.
20 GRISSO R B,HOLSHOUSER D,PITMAN R.Planter drill considerations for conservation tillage systems[R].Virginia Cooperative Extension,Publication Number:442-457,2007.
21 GRISSO R B,HOLSHOUSER D.Equipment considerations for no-till soybean seeding[R].Virginia Cooperative Extension,Publication Number:442-456,2002.
22 朱瑞祥,李成鑫,程阳,等.被动式圆盘刀作业性能优化试验[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(18):47-54.ZHU Ruixiang,LI Chengxin,CHENG Yang,et al.Working performance of passive disc coulter[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2014,30(18):47-54.(in Chinese)
23 林静,李博,李宝筏,等.阿基米德螺线型缺口圆盘破茬刀参数优化与试验[J].农业机械学报,2014,44(6):1-9.LIN Jing,LI Bo,LI Baofa,et al.Parameter optimization and experiment on archimedes spiral type gap cutting disc[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,44(6):1-9.(in Chinese)
24 赵旭,张祖立,唐萍.被动式倾斜波纹圆盘刀破茬刀工作性能试验[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(5):64-67.ZHAO Xu,ZHANG Zuli,TANG Ping.Passive tilt corrugated disc cutter knife stubble-breaking performance test[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(5):64-67.(in Chinese)
25 彭飞,李腾飞,康宏彬,等.小型制粒机喂料器参数优化与试验[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(2):51-58.PENG Fei,LI Tengfei,KANG Hongbin,et al.Optimization and experiment on feeder for small scale pellet mill[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(2):51-58.(in Chinese)
2 张佩,万俸臣.1K-500自走式果园施肥开沟管理机的研制[J].农业装备技术,2014,43(2):25-26.ZHANG Pei,WAN Fengchen.Research and manufacture of 1K-500 orchard fertilization management of furrowing machine[J].Agricultural Equipment&Technology,2014,43(2):25-26.(in Chinese)
3 陈朝海,段洁利,闫国琦,等.果园开沟机研究现状与发展对策[J].现代农业装备,2013(2):64-68.CHEN Chaohai,DUAN Jieli,YAN Guoqi,et al.Research status and development countermeasure of ditching machine in orchard[J].Modern Agricultural Equipment,2013(2):64-68.(in Chinese)
4 梁方.草地切根施肥补播复式改良机械的优化设计与试验研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2015.LIANG Fang.Optimization design and experiment study on root-cutter with fertilization and reseeding compound remediation machine for grassland[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2015.(in Chinese)
5 曲国良,丁为民,彭嵩植.旋耕弯刀侧切刃曲线分析及新型曲线的推导[J].农业机械学报,1991,22(2):22-27.QU Guoliang,DING Weimin,PENG Songzhi.Analysis on edge-curves of rotary blades and derivation of new edge-curves[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,1991,22(2):22-27.(in Chinese)
6 彭嵩植,曲国良.旋耕弯刀切土能耗理论分析及降低能耗的途径[J].南京农业大学学报,1991,14(1):94-99.PENG Songzhi,QU Guoliang.Calculation and theoretical analysis on energy consumption of rotary blades[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,1991,14(1):94-99.(in Chinese)
7 张居敏,周勇,夏俊芳,等.旋耕埋草机螺旋横刀的数学建模与参数分析[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(1):18-25.ZHANG Jumin,ZHOU Yong,XIA Junfang,et al.Mathematical modeling and analysis of helical blade for stubble burying rotary tiller[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2013,29(1):18-25.(in Chinese)
8 贾洪雷,汲文峰,韩伟峰,等.旋耕-破茬通用刀片结构参数优化试验[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(7):45-50.JIA Honglei,JI Wenfeng,HAN Weifeng,et al.Optimization experiment of structure parameters of tilling and stubble breaking universal blade[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2009,40(7):45-50.(in Chinese)
9 彭嵩植,吴德光.旋耕机工作部件设计方法的研究(一)[J].江苏大学学报:自然科学版,1982(3):5-25.PENG Songzhi,WU Deguang.Research of rotary cultivator design method for the working parts(Ⅰ)[J].Journal of Jiangsu University:Natural Science Edition,1982(3):5-25.(in Chinese)
10 彭嵩植,吴德光.旋耕机工作部件设计方法的研究(二)[J].江苏大学学报:自然科学版,1983(1):41-55.PENG Songzhi,WU Deguang.Research of rotary cultivator design method for the working parts(Ⅱ)[J].Journal of Jiangsu University:Natural Science Edition,1983(1):41-55.(in Chinese)
11 马洪亮,高焕文,魏淑艳.斜置驱动缺口圆盘刀功耗模型的试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(6):150-153.MA Hongliang,GAO Huanwen,WEI Shuyan.Experimental study on power mathematical model of the oblique driven tooth-disk[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2007,23(6):150-153.(in Chinese)
12 汲文峰,贾洪雷,佟金.旋耕-破茬仿生刀片田间作业性能的试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(12):24-30.JI Wenfeng,JIA Honglei,TONG Jin.Experiment on working performance of bionic blade for soil-rototilling and stubble-breaking[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(12):24-30.(in Chinese)
13 中国农业机械化科学研究院.农业机械设计手册[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2007.
14 田素博,杨继峰,王瑞丽,等.蔬菜嫁接机嫁接夹振动排序装置工作参数优化试验[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(6):9-16.TIAN Subo,YANG Jifeng,WANG Ruili,et al.Optimization experiment of operating parameters on vibration sorting clipdevice for vegetable grafting machine[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2014,30(6):9-16.(in Chinese)
15 王永维,唐燕海,王俊,等.蔬菜钵苗高速移栽机吊杯式移栽器参数优化[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(1):91-99.WANG Yongwei,TANG Yanhai,WANG Jun,et al.Parameter optimization for dibble-type planting apparatus of vegetable pot seed transplanter in high-speed condition[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(1):91-99.(in Chinese)
16 汲文峰,贾洪雷,佟金,等.通用刀片功率消耗影响因素分析与田间试验[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(2):35-41.JI Wenfeng,JIA Honglei,TONG Jin,et al.Analysis of influencing factors on power consumption and field test of universal blade[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2010,41(2):35-41.(in Chinese)
17 马云海,马圣胜,贾洪雷,等.仿生波纹形开沟器减黏降阻性能测试与分析[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(5):36-41.MA Yunhai,MA Shengsheng,JIA Honglei,et al.Measurement and analysis on reducing adhesion and resistance of bionicripple opener[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2014,30(5):36-41.(in Chinese)
18 顾耀权,贾洪雷,郭慧,等.滑刀式开沟器设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2013,44(5):38-42.GU Yaoquan,JIA Honglei,GUO Hui,et al.Design and experiment of sliding knife furrow opener[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(5):38-42.(in Chinese)
19 JB/T 11908—2014农用圆盘开沟机[S].2014.
20 GRISSO R B,HOLSHOUSER D,PITMAN R.Planter drill considerations for conservation tillage systems[R].Virginia Cooperative Extension,Publication Number:442-457,2007.
21 GRISSO R B,HOLSHOUSER D.Equipment considerations for no-till soybean seeding[R].Virginia Cooperative Extension,Publication Number:442-456,2002.
22 朱瑞祥,李成鑫,程阳,等.被动式圆盘刀作业性能优化试验[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(18):47-54.ZHU Ruixiang,LI Chengxin,CHENG Yang,et al.Working performance of passive disc coulter[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2014,30(18):47-54.(in Chinese)
23 林静,李博,李宝筏,等.阿基米德螺线型缺口圆盘破茬刀参数优化与试验[J].农业机械学报,2014,44(6):1-9.LIN Jing,LI Bo,LI Baofa,et al.Parameter optimization and experiment on archimedes spiral type gap cutting disc[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,44(6):1-9.(in Chinese)
24 赵旭,张祖立,唐萍.被动式倾斜波纹圆盘刀破茬刀工作性能试验[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(5):64-67.ZHAO Xu,ZHANG Zuli,TANG Ping.Passive tilt corrugated disc cutter knife stubble-breaking performance test[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(5):64-67.(in Chinese)
25 彭飞,李腾飞,康宏彬,等.小型制粒机喂料器参数优化与试验[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(2):51-58.PENG Fei,LI Tengfei,KANG Hongbin,et al.Optimization and experiment on feeder for small scale pellet mill[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(2):51-58.(in Chinese)