密植果园开沟施肥机开沟刀片设计与试验
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摘要
针对现有开沟刀片在密植果园开沟施肥过程中存在功率消耗大、沟深稳定性差的问题,运用旋耕理论和试验分析的方法,设计了一种正弦指数曲线型开沟刀片。通过分析拖拉机前进速度、刀盘转速以及二者相互作用对功率消耗和沟深稳定性的影响,确定了正弦指数曲线型开沟刀片工作参数的最佳组合为:拖拉机前进速度1 m/s,刀盘转速为200 r/min。以正弦指数曲线型开沟刀片B处弯曲角、弯曲半径、C处弯曲角为影响因子,以功率消耗和沟深稳定性为响应值,通过三因素四水平正交试验,确定了正弦指数曲线型开沟刀片结构参数的最佳组合为:B处弯曲角为95°,C处弯曲角为140°,弯曲半径为9 mm。对正弦指数曲线型开沟刀片和现有开沟刀片进行对比试验,结果表明:在工作参数和开沟深度相同的条件下,正弦指数曲线型开沟刀片比现有开沟刀片功率消耗下降3.29 k W,沟深稳定性提高8.83个百分点,各项技术指标均达到了国家相关标准的技术要求。
Ditching fertilization is one of the important links of fruit planting,which is done artificially with large labor intensity but low efficiency,failing to satisfy the requirement of high quality fertilization for modern orchard. The disc-type ditcher is a kind of continuous earth-moving machinery followed by the chain ditcher,which is characterized by high efficiency and convenient operation,and widely used in the farmland water construction and orchard ditching fertilization,etc. But the existing ditching blade has the problems of large power consumption and poor stability of ditch depth. A sine-exponential curve ditching blade was designed through analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of existing blade,using the rotary tillage theory and experimental analysis. Through the analysis of tractor forward speed,rotating speed of the cutter,as well as the influence of their interaction on power consumption and ditch depth stability,the optimal working parameters of the sine-exponential curve ditching blade were as following: tractor forward speed was 1 m / s,rotating speed of cutter was 200 r / min. The optimal structure parameters of the sine-exponential curve ditching blade were determined through the three-factor four-level orthogonal test with bending angle and bending radius in B and bending angle in C of the sine-exponential curve ditching blade as impact factors,and power consumption and groove depth stability as response value: bending angle in B was 95°,bending angle in C was 140°,and bending radius was 9 mm. Through comparing the sine-exponential curve ditching blade with existing blade,it was showed that under the same working parameters and ditching depth,the power consumption of the sine-exponential curve ditching blade wasdecreased by 3. 29 k W and ditching depth stability was increased by 8. 83 percentage points compared with the existing blade. Index of the technical specifications for the sine-exponential curve type ditching blade is higher than the national standard. The research results provided a theoretical basis for the sineexponential curve type furrowing blade optimization design.
Ditching fertilization is one of the important links of fruit planting,which is done artificially with large labor intensity but low efficiency,failing to satisfy the requirement of high quality fertilization for modern orchard. The disc-type ditcher is a kind of continuous earth-moving machinery followed by the chain ditcher,which is characterized by high efficiency and convenient operation,and widely used in the farmland water construction and orchard ditching fertilization,etc. But the existing ditching blade has the problems of large power consumption and poor stability of ditch depth. A sine-exponential curve ditching blade was designed through analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of existing blade,using the rotary tillage theory and experimental analysis. Through the analysis of tractor forward speed,rotating speed of the cutter,as well as the influence of their interaction on power consumption and ditch depth stability,the optimal working parameters of the sine-exponential curve ditching blade were as following: tractor forward speed was 1 m / s,rotating speed of cutter was 200 r / min. The optimal structure parameters of the sine-exponential curve ditching blade were determined through the three-factor four-level orthogonal test with bending angle and bending radius in B and bending angle in C of the sine-exponential curve ditching blade as impact factors,and power consumption and groove depth stability as response value: bending angle in B was 95°,bending angle in C was 140°,and bending radius was 9 mm. Through comparing the sine-exponential curve ditching blade with existing blade,it was showed that under the same working parameters and ditching depth,the power consumption of the sine-exponential curve ditching blade wasdecreased by 3. 29 k W and ditching depth stability was increased by 8. 83 percentage points compared with the existing blade. Index of the technical specifications for the sine-exponential curve type ditching blade is higher than the national standard. The research results provided a theoretical basis for the sineexponential curve type furrowing blade optimization design.
引文
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14汲文峰,贾洪雷,佟金.旋耕-破茬仿生刀片田间作业性能的试验研究[J/OL].农业工程学报,2012,28(12):24-30.http:∥www.tcsae.org/nygcxb/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20121205&journal_id=nygcxb=1.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.12.005.JI Wenfeng,JIA Honglei,TONG Jin.Experiment on working performance of bionic blade for soil-rototilling and stubble-breakin[J/OL].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(12):24-30.(in Chinese)
15康建明,李树君,杨学军,等.正弦指数曲线型开沟刀片参数优化[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(11):91-99.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20161112&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.11.012.KANG Jianming,LI Shunjun,YANG Xuejun,et al.Structure parameters optimization of sine exponential curve type ditching blad[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(11):91-99.(in Chinese)
16刘琼峰,李明德,段建南,等.农田土壤铅、镉含量影响因素地理加权回归模型分析[J/OL].农业工程学报,2013,29(3):225-234.http:∥www.tcsae.org/nygcxb/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20130330&journal_id=nygcxb=1.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.03.030.LIU Qiongfeng,LI Mingde,DUAN Jiannan,et al.Analysis on influence factors of soil Pb and Cd in agricultural soil of Changsha suburb based on geographically weighted regression model[J/OL].Transactions of the CSAE,2013,29(3):225-234.(in Chinese)
17鲁恒,付萧,贺一楠,等.基于迁移学习的无人机影像耕地信息提取方法[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(12):274-279.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20151237&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.12.037.LU Heng,FU Xiao,HE Yi'nan,et al.Cultivated land information extraction from high resolution UAV images based on transfe learning[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(12):274-279.(in Chinese)
18朱忠祥,韩科立,宋正河,等.基于置信度加权的拖拉机组合导航融合定位方法[J].农业机械学报,2013,44(增刊1):210-215.ZHU Zhongxiang,HAN Keli,SONG Zhenghe,et al.Fusion positioning method on weight-confidence for tractor integrated navigation[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(Supp.1):210-215.(in Chinese)
19田素博,杨继峰,王瑞丽,等.蔬菜嫁接机嫁接夹振动排序装置工作参数优化试验[J/OL].农业工程学报,2014,30(6):9-16.http:∥www.tcsae.org/nygcxb/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20140602&journal_id=nygcxb=1.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.06.002.TIAN Subo,YANG Jifeng,WANG Ruili,et al.Optimization experiment of operating parameters on vibration sorting clip device fo vegetable grafting machine[J/OL].Transactions of the CSAE,2014,30(6):9-16.(in Chinese)
20张青松,廖庆喜,汲文峰,等.油菜直播机开沟犁体曲面优化与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(1):53-59.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20150108&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.01.008.ZHANG Qingsong,LIAO Qingxi,JI Wenfeng,et al.Surface optimization and experiment on ditch plow of direct rapeseed seede[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(1):53-59.(in Chinese)
21张秀梅,张居敏,夏俊芳,等.水旱两用秸秆还田耕整机关键部件设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(11):10-16.ZHANG Xiumei,ZHANG Jumin,XIA Junfang,et al.Design and experiment on critical component of cultivator for straw returnin in paddy field and dry land[J].Transactions of the CASE,2015,31(11):10-16.(in Chinese)
2张佩,万俸臣.1K-500自走式果园施肥开沟管理机的研制[J].农业装备技术,2014,43(2):25-26.ZHANG Pei,WAN Fengchen.Research and manufacture of 1K-500 orchard fertilization management of furrowing machine[J]Agricultural Equipment&Technology,2014,43(2):25-26.(in Chinese)
3彭嵩植,曲国良.旋耕弯刀C处弯曲角能耗理论分析及降低能耗的途径[J].南京农业大学学报,1991,14(1):94-99.PENG Songzhi,QU Guoliang.Calculation and theoretical analysis on energy consumption of rotary blades[J].Journal of Nanjin Agricultural University,1991,14(1):94-99.(in Chinese)
4曲国良,丁为民,彭嵩植.旋耕弯刀侧切刃曲线分析及新型曲线的推导[J].农业机械学报,1991,22(2):22-27.QU Guoliang,DING Weimin,PENG Songzhi.Analysis on edge-curves of rotary blades and derivation of new edge-curves[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,1991,22(2):22-27.(in Chinese)
5中国农业机械化科学研究院.农业机械设计手册[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2007.
6梁方.草地切根施肥补播复式改良机械的优化设计与试验研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2015.LIANG Fang.Optimization design and experiment study on root-cutter with fertilization and reseeding compound remediation machine for grassland[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2015.(in Chinese)
7贾洪雷,汲文峰,韩伟峰,等.旋耕-破茬通用刀片结构参数优化试验[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(7):45-50.JIA Honglei,JI Wenfeng,HAN Weifeng,et al.Optimization experiment of structure parameters of tilling and stubble breakin universal blade[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2009,40(7):45-50.(in Chinese)
8彭嵩植,吴德光.旋耕机工作部件设计方法的研究(一)[J].镇江农业机械学院学报,1982(3):5-26.
9彭嵩植,吴德光.旋耕机工作部件设计方法的研究(二)[J].江苏农学院学报,1983(1):41-55.
10贾洪雷,姜鑫铭,郭明卓,等.V-L型秸秆粉碎还田刀片设计与试验[J/OL].农业工程学报,2015,31(1):28-33.http:∥www.tcsae.org/nygcxb/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20150104&journal_id=nygcxb=1.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.01.004.JIA Honglei,JIANG Xinming,GUO Mingzhuo,et al.Design and experiment of V-L shaped smashed straw blade[J/OL].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(1):28-33.(in Chinese)
11王金武,王奇,唐汉,等.水稻秸秆深埋整秆还田装置设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(9):112-117.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20150916&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.09.016.WANG Jinwu,WANG Qi,TANG Han,et al.Design and experiment of rice straw deep buried and whole straw returning device[J/OL]Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(9):112-117.(in Chinese)
12张居敏,周勇,夏俊芳,等.旋耕埋草机螺旋横刀的数学建模与参数分析[J/OL].农业工程学报,2013,29(1):18-25.http:∥www.tcsae.org/nygcxb/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20130103&journal_id=nygcxb=1.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.01.003.ZHANG Jumin,ZHOU Yong,XIA Junfang,et al.Mathematical modeling and analysis of helical blade for stubble burying rotar tiller[J/OL].Transactions of the CSAE,2013,29(1):18-25.(in Chinese)
13马洪亮,高焕文,魏淑艳.斜置驱动缺口圆盘刀功耗模型的试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(6):150-153.MA Hongliang,GAO Huanwen,WEI Shuyan.Experimental study on power mathematical model of the oblique driven tooth-disk[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2007,23(6):150-153.(in Chinese)
14汲文峰,贾洪雷,佟金.旋耕-破茬仿生刀片田间作业性能的试验研究[J/OL].农业工程学报,2012,28(12):24-30.http:∥www.tcsae.org/nygcxb/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20121205&journal_id=nygcxb=1.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.12.005.JI Wenfeng,JIA Honglei,TONG Jin.Experiment on working performance of bionic blade for soil-rototilling and stubble-breakin[J/OL].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(12):24-30.(in Chinese)
15康建明,李树君,杨学军,等.正弦指数曲线型开沟刀片参数优化[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(11):91-99.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20161112&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.11.012.KANG Jianming,LI Shunjun,YANG Xuejun,et al.Structure parameters optimization of sine exponential curve type ditching blad[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(11):91-99.(in Chinese)
16刘琼峰,李明德,段建南,等.农田土壤铅、镉含量影响因素地理加权回归模型分析[J/OL].农业工程学报,2013,29(3):225-234.http:∥www.tcsae.org/nygcxb/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20130330&journal_id=nygcxb=1.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.03.030.LIU Qiongfeng,LI Mingde,DUAN Jiannan,et al.Analysis on influence factors of soil Pb and Cd in agricultural soil of Changsha suburb based on geographically weighted regression model[J/OL].Transactions of the CSAE,2013,29(3):225-234.(in Chinese)
17鲁恒,付萧,贺一楠,等.基于迁移学习的无人机影像耕地信息提取方法[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(12):274-279.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20151237&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.12.037.LU Heng,FU Xiao,HE Yi'nan,et al.Cultivated land information extraction from high resolution UAV images based on transfe learning[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(12):274-279.(in Chinese)
18朱忠祥,韩科立,宋正河,等.基于置信度加权的拖拉机组合导航融合定位方法[J].农业机械学报,2013,44(增刊1):210-215.ZHU Zhongxiang,HAN Keli,SONG Zhenghe,et al.Fusion positioning method on weight-confidence for tractor integrated navigation[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(Supp.1):210-215.(in Chinese)
19田素博,杨继峰,王瑞丽,等.蔬菜嫁接机嫁接夹振动排序装置工作参数优化试验[J/OL].农业工程学报,2014,30(6):9-16.http:∥www.tcsae.org/nygcxb/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20140602&journal_id=nygcxb=1.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.06.002.TIAN Subo,YANG Jifeng,WANG Ruili,et al.Optimization experiment of operating parameters on vibration sorting clip device fo vegetable grafting machine[J/OL].Transactions of the CSAE,2014,30(6):9-16.(in Chinese)
20张青松,廖庆喜,汲文峰,等.油菜直播机开沟犁体曲面优化与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(1):53-59.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20150108&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.01.008.ZHANG Qingsong,LIAO Qingxi,JI Wenfeng,et al.Surface optimization and experiment on ditch plow of direct rapeseed seede[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(1):53-59.(in Chinese)
21张秀梅,张居敏,夏俊芳,等.水旱两用秸秆还田耕整机关键部件设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(11):10-16.ZHANG Xiumei,ZHANG Jumin,XIA Junfang,et al.Design and experiment on critical component of cultivator for straw returnin in paddy field and dry land[J].Transactions of the CASE,2015,31(11):10-16.(in Chinese)