山地果园开沟机倾斜螺旋式开沟部件设计与优化
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摘要
为缓解中国山地果园开沟施肥作业中,可用开沟机型短缺、已有开沟机型普遍存在开沟功耗高、开沟稳定性差的问题,该文设计并优化了山地果园开沟机倾斜螺旋式开沟部件,进行了直刃刀、曲刃刀与齿形刀对比试验和齿形刀开沟刀片结构参数优化仿真试验。为验证优化效果及分析作业参数对开沟功耗的影响,进行了开沟作业参数对开沟功耗影响试验。试验结果表明:开沟功耗方面曲刃刀与齿形刀较优且差异不大,直刃刀较差;开沟沟深稳定性方面3者比较接近。利用响应面分析方法和EDEM软件建立了齿形刀结构参数优化仿真模型,仿真结果表明:对开沟功耗影响显著顺序为折弯角>刃角>安装角>齿形。优化后结构参数为安装角4.5?,折弯角49?,刃角21?,原齿倍数1.25,对应开沟功耗为9.73kW。对开沟功耗影响显著顺序为沟深>前进速度>开沟转速;转速为566r/min时,开沟功耗较低。优化后开沟功耗降低12.80%,沟深稳定性系数提高1.18%。对比现有开沟机,开沟功耗降低22.22%,沟深稳定性系数提高7.2%～8.5%。研究结果可为山地果园开沟机开沟部件结构设计和开沟刀片结构参数优化提供参考。
There is very few efficient ditchers for ditching in mountain orchard, and the ditchers using now generally waste a lot of power and can't work steadily. To solve these problems, inclined helical ditching component was designed and optimized in this paper. As the key components, helical blade, ditching blades and inserting blade were designed innovatively. Curve of helical blade was conical spiral with equal inclination and variable pitch type, and helix angle of helical blade was 30?. The 3 kinds of ditching blades designed were straight blade, curved blade and toothed blade, the edge angle was 30?, the installation angle was 10?, the bending angle was 45?and the cutting angle was 40?. Edge curve of curved blade was sinusoidal exponent curve and its initial sliding cutting angle was 65?, and the ratio of slip angle increment to polar angle was-0.1. The edge of toothed blade consists of many continuous teeth, its width was 8 mm, back height was 6 mm. general length was 10.4 mm, front end circle radius was 3 mm. Inserting blade was the plane triangle type. Experiments to find 3 kinds of blades' differences and to simulate trenching process were carried out, and influence of ditching parameters on the ditching power consumption was also inspected. Experimental results showed that the ditching power consumption of curved blade and toothed blade were lower and similar, but that of straight blade was higher, when the trench depth was 150, 200, 250, 300 and 350 mm, the ditching power consumption of straight blade was 19.28%, 10.60%, 17.54%, 14.04%, 9.60% higher than that of curved blade respectively, and 19.62%、12.24%、18.26%、16.13%、9.88% higher than that of toothed blade respectively. The ditch depth stability coefficient had little difference, the average ditch depth stability coefficients of straight blade, curved blade and toothed blade were 89.40%, 89.72% and 90.06%.respectivly, the ditch depth stability coefficient of the toothed blade was 0.38% higher than that of curved blade and 0.74% higher than that of straight blade. In terms of ditching power consumption and ditch depth stability coefficient, the number of tooth shaped knives was optimal. Simulation optimization model about toothed blade was established based on response surface analysis method and EDEM software. The optimization results showed that influence on ditching power consumption was in the order of bending angle > edge angle > installation angle > multiple of original tooth, the optimal parameters combination for toothed blade was that installation angle was 4.5°, bending angle was 49?, blade angle was 21?, multiple of original tooth was 1.25, and in this case ditching power consumption was 9.73 kW. The influence on ditching power consumption was in the order of ditch depth > forward speed > ditching speed. When ditching speed was 566 r/min, ditching power consumption power was minimum. and ditching power consumption decreased by 12.80%, groove deep stability coefficient increased by 1.18% compared with before optimiztion,. Compared with the existing ditching machine, the power consumption of this paper reduced by 22.22%, and the gully depth stability improved by 7.2%-8.5%. The research results can provide references for structural design and improvement of ditching component.
There is very few efficient ditchers for ditching in mountain orchard, and the ditchers using now generally waste a lot of power and can't work steadily. To solve these problems, inclined helical ditching component was designed and optimized in this paper. As the key components, helical blade, ditching blades and inserting blade were designed innovatively. Curve of helical blade was conical spiral with equal inclination and variable pitch type, and helix angle of helical blade was 30?. The 3 kinds of ditching blades designed were straight blade, curved blade and toothed blade, the edge angle was 30?, the installation angle was 10?, the bending angle was 45?and the cutting angle was 40?. Edge curve of curved blade was sinusoidal exponent curve and its initial sliding cutting angle was 65?, and the ratio of slip angle increment to polar angle was-0.1. The edge of toothed blade consists of many continuous teeth, its width was 8 mm, back height was 6 mm. general length was 10.4 mm, front end circle radius was 3 mm. Inserting blade was the plane triangle type. Experiments to find 3 kinds of blades' differences and to simulate trenching process were carried out, and influence of ditching parameters on the ditching power consumption was also inspected. Experimental results showed that the ditching power consumption of curved blade and toothed blade were lower and similar, but that of straight blade was higher, when the trench depth was 150, 200, 250, 300 and 350 mm, the ditching power consumption of straight blade was 19.28%, 10.60%, 17.54%, 14.04%, 9.60% higher than that of curved blade respectively, and 19.62%、12.24%、18.26%、16.13%、9.88% higher than that of toothed blade respectively. The ditch depth stability coefficient had little difference, the average ditch depth stability coefficients of straight blade, curved blade and toothed blade were 89.40%, 89.72% and 90.06%.respectivly, the ditch depth stability coefficient of the toothed blade was 0.38% higher than that of curved blade and 0.74% higher than that of straight blade. In terms of ditching power consumption and ditch depth stability coefficient, the number of tooth shaped knives was optimal. Simulation optimization model about toothed blade was established based on response surface analysis method and EDEM software. The optimization results showed that influence on ditching power consumption was in the order of bending angle > edge angle > installation angle > multiple of original tooth, the optimal parameters combination for toothed blade was that installation angle was 4.5°, bending angle was 49?, blade angle was 21?, multiple of original tooth was 1.25, and in this case ditching power consumption was 9.73 kW. The influence on ditching power consumption was in the order of ditch depth > forward speed > ditching speed. When ditching speed was 566 r/min, ditching power consumption power was minimum. and ditching power consumption decreased by 12.80%, groove deep stability coefficient increased by 1.18% compared with before optimiztion,. Compared with the existing ditching machine, the power consumption of this paper reduced by 22.22%, and the gully depth stability improved by 7.2%-8.5%. The research results can provide references for structural design and improvement of ditching component.
引文
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[2]阿布里孜·巴斯提,兰秀英,贡献,等.1K-40型偏置式果园开沟机的研制[J].新疆农机化,2009(4):36-37.A Bulizi·Basiti,Lan Xiuying,Gong Xian,et al.Development of 1K-40 bias orchard ditching machine[J].Agricultural Mechanization in Xinjiang,2009(4):36-37.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]康建明.果园开沟施肥机开沟刀片理论与试验研究[D].北京:中国农业机械化科学研究院,2017.Kang Jianming.Theoretical and Experimental Study of Ditching Blade for Ditching Machine in Orchard[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences,2017.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]周波,樊啟洲,陈宝龙,等.双轴立式螺旋开沟器切削土壤数值模拟[J].湖北农业科学,2013,52(8):1938-1942.Zhou Bo,Fan Qizhou,Chen Baolong,et al.Numerical simulation of soil cutting by biaxial vertical spiral trenching[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2013,52(8):1938-1942.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]吉俊宝.山地柑橘园开沟施肥机的设计与研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2013.Ji Junbao.Design and Research of Ditching and Fertilizing Machine for Mountainous Citrus Orchards[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,2013.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]王瑞丽,杨鹏,Rabiu,等.秸秆深埋还田开沟灭茬机设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(5):40-47.Wang Ruili,Yang Peng,Rabiu,et al.Design and experiment of trench and stubble machine for deep straw returning to field[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2017,33(5):40-47.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]李杰银.果园开沟机实验研究及优化设计[D].保定:河北农业大学,2013.Li Jieyin.Orchard Ditching Machine Experimental Research and Optimization Design[D].Baoding:Agricultural University of Hebei,2013.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]叶强.葡萄园小型开沟机开沟部件设计与试验[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2013.Ye Qiang.Design and Experiment of Trenching Parts of Vineyard Small Ditching Machine[D].Changsha:Hunan Agricultural University,2013.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]Li M,Chen D,Zhang S,et al.Biomimeitc design of a stubble-cutting disc using finite element analysis[J].Journal of Bionic Engineering,2013,10(1):118-127.
[10]华中农业大学.轴向螺旋倾斜式开沟器:中国专利,201610024226.4[P].2017-04-26.
[11]华中农业大学.一种自走式倾斜螺旋开沟机:中国专利,201711274332.9[P].2018-03-13.
[12]中华人民共和国工业和信息化部,农用圆盘开沟机:JB/T11908-2014[S].北京:机械工业出版社,2014.
[13]韩永俊,尹大庆,冯江,等.1KL-100型立式螺旋开沟机的设计[J].农机化研究,2000(4):66-68.Han Yongjun,Yin Daqing,Feng Jiang,et al.Design of1KL-100 vertical screw ditching machine[J].Agricultural Mechanization Research,2000(4):66-68.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]祁天循.1KLZ-27型立式螺旋开沟机的开发[J].拖拉机与农用运输车,1996(6):53-54.Qi Tian shun.Development of 1KLZ-27 vertical spiral ditching machine[J].Tractor and Farm Transporter,1996(6):53-54.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]李婧.立式螺旋开沟器及开沟机整机特性研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2007.Li Jing.Characteristics of Vertical Spiral Opener and Ditching Machine[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2007.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]薛子萱.立式螺旋开沟机工作部件设计及优化[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2011.Xue Zixuan.Design and Optimization of Working Parts of Vertical Spiral Ditching Machine[D].Yangling:Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,2011.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]夏鼎立.等倾角变螺距圆锥螺旋线的几何特性及其作图方法[J].合肥工业大学学报:自然科学版,1992(4):138-144.Xia Dingli.Geometric characteristics and plotting method of conical spiral with equal inclination and variable pitch[J].Journal of Hefei University of Technology:Natural science edition,1992(4):138-144.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]黄文光.立轴螺旋开沟机设计[J].新疆农机化,1996(3):31-32.Huang Wenguang.Vertical axis spiral ditching machine design[J].Xinjiang agricultural mechanization,1996(3):31-32.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]中国农业机械化科学研究院.农业机械设计手册[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2007.
[20]中国地质大学勘察与基础工程教研室.岩土钻掘工程学[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2003.
[21]李世忠.钻探工艺学[M].北京:地质出版社,1992.
[22]郭志军,周德义,周志立.几种不同触土曲面耕作部件的力学性能仿真研究[J].机械工程学报,2010,46(15):71-75.Guo Zhijun,Zhou Deyi,Zhou Zhili.Simulation study on mechanical properties of several kinds of tillage parts with different contact surfaces[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2010,46(15):71-75.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]王国林,任露泉,陈秉聪.波纹型推土板减粘降阻的有限元分析[J].农业工程学报,1997,13(4):23-26.Wang Guolin,Ren Lu Quan,Chen Bingcong.Finite element analysis of viscosity reduction and resistance reduction of corrugated bulldozing plate[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),1997,13(4):23-26.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]王金武,葛宜元,王金峰.基于遗传算法的水稻整株秸秆还田埋草弯刀的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(1):166-170.Wang Jinwu,Ge Yiyuan,Wang Jinfeng.Design and experiment of rice straw returning to field straw machete based on genetic algorithm[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2010,26(1):166-170.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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