丘陵山区果园开沟施肥机的研制——基于农机与农艺融合
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摘要
针对丘陵山区果园开沟施肥机械化水平低、人工作业劳动强度大及效率低的问题,综合考虑丘陵山区果园农机与农艺的融合,设计了一种立式单轴果园开沟施肥机。该开沟施肥机以1WG6.3型微耕机作为动力机械,额定功率6.3k W,扶手能够进行360°旋转,便于作业。田间试验表明:该机一次作业可完成开沟、施肥两项工艺过程,所开沟深大于250mm,沟宽小于500mm,抛出土壤均匀落在沟的右侧,抛土距离小于700mm,排肥均匀性较好,无漏施现象,生产率800m/h以上,作业过程中可根据农艺要求调节沟深和排肥量的大小。
In view of the low level of mechanization,high labor intensity of manual work and low efficiency in orchards of the Hilly and mountainous areas,a vertical single shaft axial orchard ditching and fertilizing machine is designed considering the integration of agricultural machinery and Agronomy in Hilly and mountainous areas. The 1 WG6.3 tiller is used as a power machine for the ditching and fertilizing machine. Its rated power is 6.3 k W. The armrest can be rotated at 360 degrees to facilitate the operation. Field experiments show that the one-time operation of the machine can complete two technological processes of ditching and fertilizing. The depth of the ditch is more than 250 mm,and the width of the ditch is less than 500 mm. The soil is thrown evenly on the right side of the ditch and the distance of the thrown soil is less than700 mm. the uniformity of discharge is better and there is no leakage. The productivity is above 800 m/h. In the process of operation,the depth of the ditch and the amount of fertilizer can be adjusted according to the agronomic requirements.
In view of the low level of mechanization,high labor intensity of manual work and low efficiency in orchards of the Hilly and mountainous areas,a vertical single shaft axial orchard ditching and fertilizing machine is designed considering the integration of agricultural machinery and Agronomy in Hilly and mountainous areas. The 1 WG6.3 tiller is used as a power machine for the ditching and fertilizing machine. Its rated power is 6.3 k W. The armrest can be rotated at 360 degrees to facilitate the operation. Field experiments show that the one-time operation of the machine can complete two technological processes of ditching and fertilizing. The depth of the ditch is more than 250 mm,and the width of the ditch is less than 500 mm. The soil is thrown evenly on the right side of the ditch and the distance of the thrown soil is less than700 mm. the uniformity of discharge is better and there is no leakage. The productivity is above 800 m/h. In the process of operation,the depth of the ditch and the amount of fertilizer can be adjusted according to the agronomic requirements.
引文
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[11]康建明,李树君,杨学军,等.密植果园开沟施肥机开沟刀片设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(2):68-74.
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[2]洪添胜,杨洲,宋淑然,等.柑橘生产机械化研究[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(12):105-110.
[3]单爱军,孙先明,于斌.发达国家农业机械化促进政策对我国的启示[J].农机化研究,2007(4):164-166.
[4]王瑞杰,樊玉霞,张永华,等.发达国家促进农业机械化发展经验及对我国的启示[J].云南农业大学学报,2006,21(5):681-685.
[5]常有宏,吕晓兰,蔺经,等.我国果园机械化现状与发展思路[J].中国农机化,2013,34(6):21-26.
[6]蒋亦元.农机科技创新中的农机与农艺相结合问题[J].农业机械学报,2007,38(3):179-182.
[7]梁建,陈聪,曹光乔.农机农艺融合理论方法与实现途径研究[J].中国农机化,2014,35(3):1-4.
[8]李建平,杨欣,刘俊峰,等.苹果苗断根施肥机的设计与试验[J].农机化研究,2010,32(9):85-88.
[9]王忠群,梁建,曹光乔,等.科学适度发展南方丘陵山地农机化[J].农机化研究,2011,33(2):3-8.
[10]陈建,陈川,陈洪.西南地区微耕机面临的三大新挑战及对策探讨[J].农机化研究,2014,36(10):245-248.
[11]康建明,李树君,杨学军,等.密植果园开沟施肥机开沟刀片设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(2):68-74.
[12]中国农业机械化科学研究院.农业机械设计手册[K].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2000.
[13]国家机械工业局.JB/T 9873-1999播种机外槽轮播种期[S].北京:机械科学研究院,1999.