两湖地区水稻抽穗开花期高温热害时空分布
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摘要
根据两湖地区(湖北省和湖南省)34个气象站1961-2017年逐日气象资料和早、中稻各28个农业气象站1981-2011年生育期观测资料,采用数理统计、线性回归法、ArcGIS的反距离权重(IDW)空间分析功能,对两湖地区各省早、中稻抽穗开花期高温热害的时空分布进行分析。结果表明:(1)湖北省、湖南省早稻高温热害日数和频次在21世纪00年代最多,20世纪60年代、2010-2017年次之,80年代最少;两省中稻高温热害日数和频次在70年代最多,60年代、21世纪00年代、2010-2017年次之,80年代最少。(2)早稻高温热害日数和频次高值区分布在鄂东南、湘南,低值区分布在鄂西南、湘西;中稻高温热害日数和频次的高值区分布在鄂东北、鄂东南、鄂西南、湘西、湘南,低值区分布在鄂西北、湘西。(3)各级别早、中稻高温热害在湖北、湖南两省的发生频数表现为轻度>中度>重度,且湖南省发生程度比湖北严重;两省均表现为中稻高温热害发生比早稻严重。
Temporal and spatial distribution of early and middle rice during heading and flowering stage in Hubei and Hunan province(i.e.the two-lake region)was analyzed using the daily meteorological data of 34 meteorological sites from 1961 to 2017 year and observation data of annual growth period of 28 agrometeorological sites from 1981 to 2011. Linear regression method and ArcGIS's inverse distance weight(IDW) spatial analysis function was used in this study. The results showed that,(1) days and times of heat damage on early rice in Hubei and Hunan provinces was the most in 2000 s, followed by 1960 s and 2010-2017, the least in 1980 s; The heat damage days and times on middle rice in Hubei and Hunan provinces was the most in 1970 s, followed by 1960 s and 2000 s and 2010-2017, the least in 1980 s.(2) The heat damage days and times on early rice high value areas was distributed in southeastern Hubei and southern Hunan, and the low value areas was distributed in southwestern Hubei and western Hunan; The heat damage days and times on middle rice was distributed in northeastern Hubei, southeastern Hubei, southwestern Hubei, western Hunan, and southern Hunan, and low value areas was distributed in northwestern Hubei and western Hunan.(3) The heat damage times on early rice and middle rice in Hunan and Hubei is slight greater than moderate, and moderate greater than severe; The heat damage times on early rice and middle rice Hunan is more serious than Hubei; The heat damage of Hubei and Hunan middle rice is more serious than early rice.
Temporal and spatial distribution of early and middle rice during heading and flowering stage in Hubei and Hunan province(i.e.the two-lake region)was analyzed using the daily meteorological data of 34 meteorological sites from 1961 to 2017 year and observation data of annual growth period of 28 agrometeorological sites from 1981 to 2011. Linear regression method and ArcGIS's inverse distance weight(IDW) spatial analysis function was used in this study. The results showed that,(1) days and times of heat damage on early rice in Hubei and Hunan provinces was the most in 2000 s, followed by 1960 s and 2010-2017, the least in 1980 s; The heat damage days and times on middle rice in Hubei and Hunan provinces was the most in 1970 s, followed by 1960 s and 2000 s and 2010-2017, the least in 1980 s.(2) The heat damage days and times on early rice high value areas was distributed in southeastern Hubei and southern Hunan, and the low value areas was distributed in southwestern Hubei and western Hunan; The heat damage days and times on middle rice was distributed in northeastern Hubei, southeastern Hubei, southwestern Hubei, western Hunan, and southern Hunan, and low value areas was distributed in northwestern Hubei and western Hunan.(3) The heat damage times on early rice and middle rice in Hunan and Hubei is slight greater than moderate, and moderate greater than severe; The heat damage times on early rice and middle rice Hunan is more serious than Hubei; The heat damage of Hubei and Hunan middle rice is more serious than early rice.
引文
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[14]孟林,王春乙,任义方,等.长江中下游一季稻高温热害危险性特征及其对气候变化的响应[J].自然灾害学报,2015,24(6):80-89.Meng L,Wang C Y,Ren Y F,et al.Heat injury hazard characteristic of single cropping rice in middle and low reaches of Yangtze River and its response to climate change[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2015,24(6):80-89.(in Chinese)
[15]徐云碧,石春海,申宗坦.热害对早稻结实率的影响[J].浙江农业科学,1989,(2):51-54.Xu Y B,Shi C H,Shen Z T.Effect of heat damage on seed setting rate of early rice[J].Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences,1989,(2):51-54.(in Chinese)
[16]汤昌本,林迢,简根梅,等.浙江早稻高温危害研究[J].浙江气象科技,2000,21(2):14-18.Tang C B,Lin T,Jian G M,et al.Study on high temperature hazard of early rice in Zhejiang[J].Journal of Zhejiang Meteorological Science and Technology,2000,21(2):14-18.(in Chinese)
[17]王志刚,王磊,林海,等.水稻高温热害及耐热性研究进展[J].中国稻米,2013,19(1):27-31.Wang Z G,Wang L,Lin H,et al.Advances in study on heat damage and heat tolerance in rice[J].China Rice,2013,19(1):27-31.(in Chinese)
[18]汤日圣,郑建初,张大栋,等.高温对不同水稻品种花粉活力及籽粒结实的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2006,22(4):369-373.Tang R S,Zhen J C,Zhang D D,et al.Effects of high temperatures on pollen vitality and seed setting of different rice varieties[J].Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2006,22(4):369-373.(in Chinese)
[19]张剑明,黄晴.近46a来湖南省气温变化的若干特点[J].干旱气象,2012,30(3):387-392.Zhang J M,Huang Q.Climate features of annual temperature in Hu’nan province in recent 46 years[J].Journal of Arid Meteorology,2012,30(3):387-392.(in Chinese)
[20]汪高明,王金艳,王式功.湖北地区气温变化对全球变暖的响应[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2008,44(4):71-74.Wang G M,Wang J Y,Wang S G.Response of temperature in Hubei province to global warming[J].Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences),2008,44(4):71-74.(in Chinese)
[21]陈升孛,刘安国,张亚杰,等.气候变化背景下湖北省水稻高温热害变化规律研究[J].气象与减灾研究,2013,36(2):51-56.Chen S B,Liu A G,Zhang Y J,et al.Dynamic variations of heat injury on rice in Hubei province under climate change[J].Meteorology and Disaster Reduction Research,2013,36(2):51-56.(in Chinese)
[2]Yang J,Xiong W,Yang X G,et al.Geographic variation of rice yield response to past climate change in China[J].Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2014,13(7):1586-1598.
[3]Ofipcc W G I.Climate change 2013:the physical science basis[J].Contribution of Working,2007,43(22):866-871.
[4]IPCC.Climate change 2001:the scientific basis[M].Cambridge UK:Cambridge University,2001:101-125.
[5]秦大河,Thomas Stocker.IPCC第五次评估报告第一工作组报告的亮点结论[J].气候变化研究进展,2014,10(1):1-6.Qin D H,Thomas S.Highlights of the IPCC working group Ififth assessment report[J].Advances in Climate Change Research,2014,10(1):1-6.(in Chinese)
[6]丁一汇,任国玉,石广玉,等.气候变化国家评估报告(℃):中国气候变化的历史和未来趋势[J].气候变化研究进展,2006,2(1):3-8.Ding Y H,Ren G Y,Shi G Y,et al.National assessment report of climate change(I):climate change in China and its future trend[J].Advances in Climate Change Research,2006,2(1):3-8.(in Chinese)
[7]郑建初,张彬,陈留根,等.抽穗期高温对水稻产量构成要素和稻米品质的影响及其基因型差异[J].江苏农业学报,2005,21(4):249-254.Zheng J C,Zhang B,Chen L G,et al.Genotypic differences in effects of high air temperature in field on rice yield components and grain quality during heading stage[J].Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2005,21(4):249-254.(in Chinese)
[8]陈楠楠.温度和二氧化碳升高对稻麦产量及生物量影响的整合分析研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2012:1-73.Chen N N.Impacts of elevated atmospheric CO2 and increased temperature on growth and yield of rice and wheat:a meta-analysis[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2012:1-73.(in Chinese)
[9]谢晓金,申双和,李秉柏,等.抽穗期高温胁迫对水稻开花结实的影响[J].中国农业气象,2009,30(2):252-256.Xie X J,Shen S H,Li B B,et al.Influences of high temperature stress on blooming and seed setting of rice during heading stage[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2009,30(2):252-256.(in Chinese)
[10]万丙良,查中萍.气候变暖对水稻生产的影响及水稻耐高温遗传改良[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(36):1-7.Wan B L,Zha Z P.Effects of climate warming on rice production and genetic improvement for rice heat tolerance[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2012,28(36):1-7.(in Chinese)
[11]沙修竹,申双和,陶苏林.长江中下游地区一季稻高温热害风险评估与区划[J].江苏农业学报,2015,31(5):1053-1059.Sha X Z,Shen S H,Tao S L.Risk assessment and regionalization of heat injury for single-season rice in Middle and Lower Yangtze River[J].Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2015,31(5):1053-1059.(in Chinese)
[12]杨炳玉,申双和,陶苏林,等.江西省水稻高温热害发生规律研究[J].中国农业气象,2012,33(4):615-622.Yang B Y,Shen S H,Tao S L,et al.Spatial and temporal pattern of rice heat injury in Jiangxi[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2012,33(4):615-622.(in Chinese)
[13]万素琴,陈晨,刘志雄,等.气候变化背景下湖北省水稻高温热害时空分布[J].中国农业气象,2009,30(S2):316-319.Wan S Q,Chen C,Liu Z X,et al.Space time distribution of heat injury on rice in Hubei province under climate change[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2009,30(S2):316-319.(in Chinese)
[14]孟林,王春乙,任义方,等.长江中下游一季稻高温热害危险性特征及其对气候变化的响应[J].自然灾害学报,2015,24(6):80-89.Meng L,Wang C Y,Ren Y F,et al.Heat injury hazard characteristic of single cropping rice in middle and low reaches of Yangtze River and its response to climate change[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2015,24(6):80-89.(in Chinese)
[15]徐云碧,石春海,申宗坦.热害对早稻结实率的影响[J].浙江农业科学,1989,(2):51-54.Xu Y B,Shi C H,Shen Z T.Effect of heat damage on seed setting rate of early rice[J].Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences,1989,(2):51-54.(in Chinese)
[16]汤昌本,林迢,简根梅,等.浙江早稻高温危害研究[J].浙江气象科技,2000,21(2):14-18.Tang C B,Lin T,Jian G M,et al.Study on high temperature hazard of early rice in Zhejiang[J].Journal of Zhejiang Meteorological Science and Technology,2000,21(2):14-18.(in Chinese)
[17]王志刚,王磊,林海,等.水稻高温热害及耐热性研究进展[J].中国稻米,2013,19(1):27-31.Wang Z G,Wang L,Lin H,et al.Advances in study on heat damage and heat tolerance in rice[J].China Rice,2013,19(1):27-31.(in Chinese)
[18]汤日圣,郑建初,张大栋,等.高温对不同水稻品种花粉活力及籽粒结实的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2006,22(4):369-373.Tang R S,Zhen J C,Zhang D D,et al.Effects of high temperatures on pollen vitality and seed setting of different rice varieties[J].Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2006,22(4):369-373.(in Chinese)
[19]张剑明,黄晴.近46a来湖南省气温变化的若干特点[J].干旱气象,2012,30(3):387-392.Zhang J M,Huang Q.Climate features of annual temperature in Hu’nan province in recent 46 years[J].Journal of Arid Meteorology,2012,30(3):387-392.(in Chinese)
[20]汪高明,王金艳,王式功.湖北地区气温变化对全球变暖的响应[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2008,44(4):71-74.Wang G M,Wang J Y,Wang S G.Response of temperature in Hubei province to global warming[J].Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences),2008,44(4):71-74.(in Chinese)
[21]陈升孛,刘安国,张亚杰,等.气候变化背景下湖北省水稻高温热害变化规律研究[J].气象与减灾研究,2013,36(2):51-56.Chen S B,Liu A G,Zhang Y J,et al.Dynamic variations of heat injury on rice in Hubei province under climate change[J].Meteorology and Disaster Reduction Research,2013,36(2):51-56.(in Chinese)