榆神府地区煤炭开采对地下水资源的影响
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摘要
通过对覆岩含水性和地下水流场的研究,探讨了榆神府地区煤炭开采对地下水资源造成的影响。通过公式估算法、瞬变电磁法和GMS地下水数值模拟法,探讨了榆神府地区煤炭开采对地下水资源量、上覆岩层含水性和地下水流场的影响。研究发现煤炭开采会引起地下水水位下降,覆岩含水性降低,引起含水渗漏现象,最终改变原始地下水流畅,形成地下水降落漏斗。榆神府地区在产煤矿矿井水排水量(2014年)约为50×10~6m~3/a,其中有46. 6%的矿井水会作为生产用水回用,随着在建和规划煤矿逐步建成,地下水外排量会增加140×10~6m~3/a,其中生产回用水量占矿井总排水量的50%以上;上覆岩层含水性在煤炭开采的不同开采阶段表现出不一样的特征,开采前覆岩含水性良好,开采中覆岩含水性逐渐降低,开采结束后,覆岩含水性会逐渐恢复; GMS模拟结果显示,煤炭开采初期地下水水位会以20 m/a的速度快速下降,到2018年已经形成地下水降落漏斗,2028年漏斗范围持续发展,到2048年,降落漏斗范围基本稳定,并形成以井田北部为中心的新地下水流动场。
The influence of coal mining on groundwater in Yushenfu is discussed by studying the aquosity of overburden rock and groundwater flow field. The influence of coal mining on the amount of groundwater resources,the aquosity of overburden rock and the groundwater flow field in Yushenfu is investigated through formula estimation,transient electromagnetic method and GMS groundwater numerical simulation method. It is found that coal mining will cause the decline of groundwater level,reduce the aquosity of overburden rock,cause water leakage,and eventually change the flow of the original ground water to form a groundwater cone of depression. The displacement of mine water in Yushenfu( 2014) is about 50 × 10~6 m~3/a,of which 47. 6% of the mine water will be used as the production water. With the construction and planning of the coal mine,the external displacement of the groundwater will increase by 140 × 10~6 m~3/a,of which 50% of the total amount of displacement of mine water will be used as production water. The aquosity of overburden rock shows different characteristics in the dif-ferent stages of coal mining. The aquosity of overburden rock before mining is good,then it will gradually reduce,and after the mining it will be gradually restored. The GMS simulation results show that the groundwater level in the early stage of coal mining will fall sharply with the speed of 20 m/a,and the groundwater cone of depression has been formed by 2018. In 2028,the range of the cone of depression will continue to expand. By 2048,the range of the cone of depression is basically stable,and the new groundwater cone of depression is formed in the north of the mine field.
The influence of coal mining on groundwater in Yushenfu is discussed by studying the aquosity of overburden rock and groundwater flow field. The influence of coal mining on the amount of groundwater resources,the aquosity of overburden rock and the groundwater flow field in Yushenfu is investigated through formula estimation,transient electromagnetic method and GMS groundwater numerical simulation method. It is found that coal mining will cause the decline of groundwater level,reduce the aquosity of overburden rock,cause water leakage,and eventually change the flow of the original ground water to form a groundwater cone of depression. The displacement of mine water in Yushenfu( 2014) is about 50 × 10~6 m~3/a,of which 47. 6% of the mine water will be used as the production water. With the construction and planning of the coal mine,the external displacement of the groundwater will increase by 140 × 10~6 m~3/a,of which 50% of the total amount of displacement of mine water will be used as production water. The aquosity of overburden rock shows different characteristics in the dif-ferent stages of coal mining. The aquosity of overburden rock before mining is good,then it will gradually reduce,and after the mining it will be gradually restored. The GMS simulation results show that the groundwater level in the early stage of coal mining will fall sharply with the speed of 20 m/a,and the groundwater cone of depression has been formed by 2018. In 2028,the range of the cone of depression will continue to expand. By 2048,the range of the cone of depression is basically stable,and the new groundwater cone of depression is formed in the north of the mine field.
引文
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[11]冀瑞君,彭苏萍,范立民,等.神府矿区采煤对地下水循环的影响——以窟野河中下游流域为例[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(4):938-943.JI Rui-jun,PENG Su-ping,FAN Li-min,et al. Effect of coal exploitation on groundwater circulation in the Shenfu mine area:an example from middle and lower reaches of the Kuye River basin[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(4):938-943.
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[14]张发旺,周骏业,申保宏,等.干旱地区采煤条件下煤层顶板含水层再造与地下水资源保护[M].北京:地质出版社,2006.ZHANG Fa-wang,ZHOU Jun-ye,SHEN Bao-hong,et al.Reconstruction of coal seam roof aquifer and protection of groundwater resources under coal mining conditions in arid areas[M]. Beijing:Geological Press,2006.
[15]董震雨,王双明.采煤对陕北榆溪河流域地下水资源的影响分析——以杭来湾煤矿开采区为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(3):185-190.DONG,Zhen-yu,WANG Shuang-ming. Influence of coal exploitation on groundwater resources in Yuxi river valley of northern Shaanxi[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2017,31(3):185-190.
[16] Scheibe T,Yabusakl S. Scaling of flow and transport behavior in heterogeneous groundwater system[J]. Advances in Water Resources,1998,22(3):223-238.
[17]王江莉.煤矿开采地下水环境影响评价研究——以山西古交煤焦集团金之中煤矿为例[D].太原:太原理工大学,2011.WANG Jiang-li. Study on groundwater environmental impact assessment of coal mining:take Shanxi Gujiao char group Jinzhizhong Coalmine as an example[J]. Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology,2011.
[18]崔杰,刘洋,王振荣.锦界煤矿水文地质条件分析及探查技术研究[J].煤炭工程,2009(9):72-74.CUI Jie,LIU Yang,WANG Zhen-rong. Hydrogeological condition analysis and exploration technology study of Jinjie Mine[J]. Coal Engineering,2009(9):72-74.
[19] Mazzia A,Putti M. Mixed-finite element and finite volume discretization for heavy brine simulations in groundwater[J]. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics,2002,147(1):191-213.
[20] Hertrich M,Yaramanci U. Joint inversion of surface nuclear magnetic resonance and vertical electrical sounding[J]. Journal of Applied Geophysics,2002,50(1):179-191.
[21]解海军,孟小红,王信文,等.煤矿积水采空区瞬变电磁法探测的附加效应[J].煤田地质与勘探,2009,37(2):71-74.XIE Hai-jun,MENG Xiao-hong,WANG Xin-wen,et al.The additional effect of TEM detection and its application in coal mined-out area with accumulated water[J].Coalfield Geology and Exploration,2009,37(2):71-74.
[22]颜文珠.煤矿开采对地下水影响的数值模拟研究[D].青岛:山东科技大学,2011.YAN Wen-zhu. Study on effect of mining in groundwater with numerical simulation[D]. Qingdao:Shandong University of Science and Technology,2011.
[23]王婷婷.基于GMS的某矿区地下水数值模拟研究[D].太原:中国辐射防护研究院,2015.WANG Ting-ting. Groundwater numerical simulation research on one mining area based on GMS[D]. Taiyuan:China Radiation Protection Research Institute,2015.
[24]侯恩科,童仁剑,冯洁,等.烧变岩富水特征与采动水量损失预计[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(1):175-182.HOU En-ke,TONG Ren-jian,FENG Jie,Water enrichment characteristics of burnt rock and prediction on water loss cause by coal mining[J]. Journal of Coal,2017,42(1):175-182.
[25]杨东东,李文平,李小琴,等.深部矿井水煤共采水文地质数值分析[J].地质论评,2016,61(4):835-842.YANG Dong-dong,LI Wen-ping,LI Xiao-qin,et al.Hydrogeological numerical analysis of coal mining in deep mine[J]. Geological Review,2016,61(4):835-842.
[26]卢文喜.地下水运动数值模拟过程中边界条件问题探讨[J].水利学报,2003(3):33-36.LU Wen-xi. Discussion on boundary conditions in numerical simulation of groundwater movement[J]. Journal of Water Conservancy,2003(3):33-36.
[27]武强,徐华.地下水模拟的可视化设计环境[J].计算机工程,2003,29(6):69-70.WU Qiang,XU Hua. Visual environment in 3D for groundwater modeling[J]. Computer Engineering,2003,29(6):69-70.
[28]田广,王晓波.东滩煤矿奥灰放水试验数值模拟[J].煤田地质与勘探,2014,42(3):61-64.TIAN Guang,WANG Xiao-bo. Numerical simulation of dewatering test of Ordovician limestone in Dongtan mine[J]. Coal Geology and Exploration,2014,42(3):61-64.
[29]师本强.陕北浅埋煤层矿区保水开采影响因素研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2012.SHI Ben-qiang. Study on influencing factors of water conservation mining in shallow seam mine area in the north Shaanxi Province[D]. Xi’an:Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2012.
[2]张茂省,董英,杜荣军,等.陕北能源化工基地采煤对地下水资源的影响及对策[J].地学前缘,2010,17(6):235-246.ZHANG Mao-sheng,DONG Ying,DU Rong-jun,et al.The strategy and influence of coal mining on the groundwater resouces at energy and chemical base in the North Shaanxi[J]. Earth Science Frontiers,2010,17(6):235-246.
[3]陶虹,李成,柴小兵,等.陕西神府煤田环境地质问题及成因[J].地质与资源,2010,19(3):249-251.TAO Hong,LI Cheng,CHAI Xiao-bing et al. The environmental geological problems and causes of the Shenfu Coalfield in Shaanxi Province[J]. Geology and Resources,2010,19(3):249-251.
[4]常金源,李文平,李涛,等.神南矿区煤炭开采水资源渗漏失量评价分析[J].煤田地质与勘探,2011,39(5):42-45.CHANG Jin-yuan,LI Wen-ping,LI Tao,et al. Zonation of water resources leakage due to coal mining in Shennan mining area[J]. Coal Geology&Exploration,2011,39(5):42-45.
[5]曾庆铭,施龙青.山东省煤炭开采对水资源的影响分析及对策研究[J].山东科技大学学报(自然科学版),2009,28(2):42-46.ZENG Qing-min,SHI Long-qing. Analysis of the influence of coal mining on water resources in Shandong Province and its counter measures[J]. Shandong University of Science and Technology(Natural Science),2009,28(2):42-46.
[6] Wu Q,Wang M,Wu X. Investigations of groundwater bursting into coal mine seam floors from fault zones[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2004,41(2):557-571.
[7] SHI Long-qing,Slngh R N. Study of mine water in rush from floor strata though faults[J]. Mine Water and the Environment,2001,20(3):140-147.
[8]韩宝平,郑世书.煤矿开采诱发的水文地质效应研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,1994,23(3):70-77.HAN Bao-ping,ZHENG Shi-shu. An approach to the hydrogeologic effect induced by underground coal mining[J]. Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,1994,23(3):70-77.
[9] Dong S,Liu B,Shi X,et al. The spatial distribution and hydrogeological conteols of fluoride in the confined and unconfined groundwater of Tuoketuo County,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia,China[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences,2015,74(1):1-11.
[10]冯海波.内蒙古呼伦贝尔草原露天煤矿区地下水系统演化硏究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古大学,2017.FENG Hai-bo. Groundwater sysytem evolution of the opencast coalmine area in Hulun Buir prairie Inner Mongolia[D]. Huhehaote:Mongolian University,2017.
[11]冀瑞君,彭苏萍,范立民,等.神府矿区采煤对地下水循环的影响——以窟野河中下游流域为例[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(4):938-943.JI Rui-jun,PENG Su-ping,FAN Li-min,et al. Effect of coal exploitation on groundwater circulation in the Shenfu mine area:an example from middle and lower reaches of the Kuye River basin[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(4):938-943.
[12]刘海涛.太原西山矿区煤炭开采对地下水流场影响的数值模拟[D].太原:太原理工大学,2005.LIU Hai-tao. A numerrical simulation on the influence of underground water flow regime caused by coal minging in Taiyuan Xishan coal area[D]. Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology,2005.
[13]范立民,王国柱.萨拉乌苏组地下水及采煤影响与保护[J].采矿技术,2006,6(3):422-425.FAN Li-min,WANG Guo-zhu. Influence and protection of underground water and coal mining in Sara Wusu Formation[J]. Mining Technology,2006,6(3):422-425.
[14]张发旺,周骏业,申保宏,等.干旱地区采煤条件下煤层顶板含水层再造与地下水资源保护[M].北京:地质出版社,2006.ZHANG Fa-wang,ZHOU Jun-ye,SHEN Bao-hong,et al.Reconstruction of coal seam roof aquifer and protection of groundwater resources under coal mining conditions in arid areas[M]. Beijing:Geological Press,2006.
[15]董震雨,王双明.采煤对陕北榆溪河流域地下水资源的影响分析——以杭来湾煤矿开采区为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(3):185-190.DONG,Zhen-yu,WANG Shuang-ming. Influence of coal exploitation on groundwater resources in Yuxi river valley of northern Shaanxi[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2017,31(3):185-190.
[16] Scheibe T,Yabusakl S. Scaling of flow and transport behavior in heterogeneous groundwater system[J]. Advances in Water Resources,1998,22(3):223-238.
[17]王江莉.煤矿开采地下水环境影响评价研究——以山西古交煤焦集团金之中煤矿为例[D].太原:太原理工大学,2011.WANG Jiang-li. Study on groundwater environmental impact assessment of coal mining:take Shanxi Gujiao char group Jinzhizhong Coalmine as an example[J]. Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology,2011.
[18]崔杰,刘洋,王振荣.锦界煤矿水文地质条件分析及探查技术研究[J].煤炭工程,2009(9):72-74.CUI Jie,LIU Yang,WANG Zhen-rong. Hydrogeological condition analysis and exploration technology study of Jinjie Mine[J]. Coal Engineering,2009(9):72-74.
[19] Mazzia A,Putti M. Mixed-finite element and finite volume discretization for heavy brine simulations in groundwater[J]. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics,2002,147(1):191-213.
[20] Hertrich M,Yaramanci U. Joint inversion of surface nuclear magnetic resonance and vertical electrical sounding[J]. Journal of Applied Geophysics,2002,50(1):179-191.
[21]解海军,孟小红,王信文,等.煤矿积水采空区瞬变电磁法探测的附加效应[J].煤田地质与勘探,2009,37(2):71-74.XIE Hai-jun,MENG Xiao-hong,WANG Xin-wen,et al.The additional effect of TEM detection and its application in coal mined-out area with accumulated water[J].Coalfield Geology and Exploration,2009,37(2):71-74.
[22]颜文珠.煤矿开采对地下水影响的数值模拟研究[D].青岛:山东科技大学,2011.YAN Wen-zhu. Study on effect of mining in groundwater with numerical simulation[D]. Qingdao:Shandong University of Science and Technology,2011.
[23]王婷婷.基于GMS的某矿区地下水数值模拟研究[D].太原:中国辐射防护研究院,2015.WANG Ting-ting. Groundwater numerical simulation research on one mining area based on GMS[D]. Taiyuan:China Radiation Protection Research Institute,2015.
[24]侯恩科,童仁剑,冯洁,等.烧变岩富水特征与采动水量损失预计[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(1):175-182.HOU En-ke,TONG Ren-jian,FENG Jie,Water enrichment characteristics of burnt rock and prediction on water loss cause by coal mining[J]. Journal of Coal,2017,42(1):175-182.
[25]杨东东,李文平,李小琴,等.深部矿井水煤共采水文地质数值分析[J].地质论评,2016,61(4):835-842.YANG Dong-dong,LI Wen-ping,LI Xiao-qin,et al.Hydrogeological numerical analysis of coal mining in deep mine[J]. Geological Review,2016,61(4):835-842.
[26]卢文喜.地下水运动数值模拟过程中边界条件问题探讨[J].水利学报,2003(3):33-36.LU Wen-xi. Discussion on boundary conditions in numerical simulation of groundwater movement[J]. Journal of Water Conservancy,2003(3):33-36.
[27]武强,徐华.地下水模拟的可视化设计环境[J].计算机工程,2003,29(6):69-70.WU Qiang,XU Hua. Visual environment in 3D for groundwater modeling[J]. Computer Engineering,2003,29(6):69-70.
[28]田广,王晓波.东滩煤矿奥灰放水试验数值模拟[J].煤田地质与勘探,2014,42(3):61-64.TIAN Guang,WANG Xiao-bo. Numerical simulation of dewatering test of Ordovician limestone in Dongtan mine[J]. Coal Geology and Exploration,2014,42(3):61-64.
[29]师本强.陕北浅埋煤层矿区保水开采影响因素研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2012.SHI Ben-qiang. Study on influencing factors of water conservation mining in shallow seam mine area in the north Shaanxi Province[D]. Xi’an:Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2012.