唑嘧磺草胺与精异丙甲草胺混用防除大豆田杂草技术研究
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摘要
为了明确唑嘧磺草胺与精异丙甲草胺混用的适宜配比及防除大豆田杂草的施药剂量,采用盆栽法测定了唑嘧磺草胺与精异丙甲草胺5个配比的稗草生物活性,通过田间试验研究了4个混用剂量对大豆出苗数、株高、产量的影响和对杂草的防效。结果表明:唑嘧磺草胺与精异丙甲草胺混用具有很好的增效作用,对大豆安全,适宜的混用比例为1∶20,适宜的施药量为900~1 200 g·hm~(-2)。唑嘧磺草胺与精异丙甲草胺按1∶2.5、1∶5、1∶10、1∶20、1∶40混用的5个配比对稗草的生物活性均表现为增效作用,共毒系数为240.72~380.59,其中以1∶20配比的共毒系数最高。唑嘧磺草胺与精异丙甲草胺混用比例为1∶20时,施药量600,900,1 200,1 800 g·hm~(-2)施药后45 d对杂草的总株防效为78.9%~98.2%,鲜重防效为85.3%~99.6%,4个混用处理与人工除草处理之间在大豆出苗数、株高和产量方面均没有显著差异。
In order to determine proper Flumetsulam/S-metolachlor ratios and suitable dosages on weed control in soybean fields,it was treated with five Flumetsulam/S-metolachlor ratios( 1 ∶ 2. 5,1 ∶ 5,1 ∶ 10,1 ∶ 20,1 ∶ 40) for Echinochloa crusgalli using pot growing method,and their bioactivities were detected,and the effect of weed control and the seedling number,plant height and yield of soybean treated with four mixed dosages( 600,900,1 200 and 1 800 g·ha~(-1)) was studied by field experiments. The results showed that: The mixed use of Flumetsulam and S-metolachlor had a positive synergistic effect on weed control and a good safety for the growth of soybeans,the proper mixed ratio was 1∶ 20,and the suitable dosages range from 900 to 1 200 g·ha~(-1),the co-toxicity coefficients of five mixed ratios with positive synergistic effect fluctuated between 240. 72 and 380. 59,and the maximum co-toxicity coefficient was 380. 59 at 1∶ 20,when Flumetsula/S-metolachlor mixtures of four mixed dosages with mixed ratio at 1∶ 20 were sprayed after 45 d,the positive effects of weed control were a total plant control effect of 78. 9% ~ 98. 2% and a total fresh weight control effect of 85. 3% ~ 99. 6%. There was not remarkable difference in seedling emergences,plant height and yields of soybean between the four mixed treatments and the manual weeding.
In order to determine proper Flumetsulam/S-metolachlor ratios and suitable dosages on weed control in soybean fields,it was treated with five Flumetsulam/S-metolachlor ratios( 1 ∶ 2. 5,1 ∶ 5,1 ∶ 10,1 ∶ 20,1 ∶ 40) for Echinochloa crusgalli using pot growing method,and their bioactivities were detected,and the effect of weed control and the seedling number,plant height and yield of soybean treated with four mixed dosages( 600,900,1 200 and 1 800 g·ha~(-1)) was studied by field experiments. The results showed that: The mixed use of Flumetsulam and S-metolachlor had a positive synergistic effect on weed control and a good safety for the growth of soybeans,the proper mixed ratio was 1∶ 20,and the suitable dosages range from 900 to 1 200 g·ha~(-1),the co-toxicity coefficients of five mixed ratios with positive synergistic effect fluctuated between 240. 72 and 380. 59,and the maximum co-toxicity coefficient was 380. 59 at 1∶ 20,when Flumetsula/S-metolachlor mixtures of four mixed dosages with mixed ratio at 1∶ 20 were sprayed after 45 d,the positive effects of weed control were a total plant control effect of 78. 9% ~ 98. 2% and a total fresh weight control effect of 85. 3% ~ 99. 6%. There was not remarkable difference in seedling emergences,plant height and yields of soybean between the four mixed treatments and the manual weeding.
引文
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[5]王彦华,俞卫华,杨立之,等.22种常用除草剂对蚯蚓(Eisenia fetida)的急性毒性[J].生态毒理学报,2012,7(3):317-325.(Wang Y H,Yu W H,Yang L Z,et al.Acute toxicity of twenty-two commonly used herbicides to earthworm(Eisenia fetida)[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2012,7(3):317-325.)
[6]Aslam S,Garnier P,Rumpel C,et al.Adsorption and desorption behavior of selected pesticides as influenced by decomposition of maize mulch[J].Chemosphere,2013,91(11):1447-1455.
[7]曹鹏英,薄瑞,韩丽君,等.精异丙甲草胺在土壤中的吸附行为及环境影响因素研究[J].农药学学报,2007(2):159-164.(Cao Y P,Bo R,Han L J,et al.Study on the adsorption behavior and environmental impact factors of S-metolachlor in soil[J].Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,2007(2):159-164.)
[8]Otero R,Esquivel D,Ulibarri M A,et al.Mesoporous phenolic resin and mesoporous carbon for the removal of S-metolachlor and bentazon herbicides[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2014,251:92-101.
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[10]张玉婷,郭永泽,刘磊,等.精-异丙甲草胺在大豆及土壤中的残留动态[J].农药,2008,47(2):130-131.(Zhang Y T,Guo Y Z,Liu L,et al.Residues dynamics of S-metolachlor in soybean and soil[J].Agrochemicals,2008,47(2):130-131.)
[11]朱诗禹,崔娟,徐伟,等.精异丙甲草胺苗前封闭处理对大豆苗期生长及其生理生化指标的影响[J].植物保护学报,2016,43(4):677-682.(Zhu S Y,Cui J,Xu W,et al.Effects of the treatment with S-metolachlor before seedling emergence on the soybean growth and physiological and biochemical indexes[J].Journal of Plant Protection,2016,43(4):677-682.)
[12]黄春艳,陈铁保,王宇,等.28种除草剂对大豆的安全性及药害研究初报[J].植物保护,2003,29(1):31-34.(Huang C Y,Chen T B,Wang Y,et al.Preliminary studies on safety and injury of 28 herbicides to soybean[J].Plant Protection,2003,29(1):31-34.)
[13]史树森,朱诗禹,马帅,等.80%唑嘧磺草胺水分散粒剂苗前封闭处理对大豆苗期生长及其生理生化指标的影响[J].农药,2016,55(12):927-930.(Shi S S,Zhu S Y,Ma S,et al.Effects of pre-emergence spraying of flumetsulam 80%water dispersible granules on seeding growth,physiological and biochemical indexes of soybean[J].Agrochemicals,2016,55(12):927-930.)
[14]Sun Y P,Johnson E R.Analysis of joint action of insecticides against house flies[J].Journal of Economic Entomology,1960(53):887-891.
[15]戴炜,杨继芝,王小春,等.不同除草剂对间作玉米大豆的药害及除草效果[J].大豆科学,2017,36(2):287-294.(Dai W,Yang J Z,Wang X C,et al.The influence of different herbicides on intercropping soybean and maize[J].Soybean Science,2017,36(2):287-294.)
[16]王玉芬,路战远,张向前,等.化学除草剂对保护性耕作大豆田杂草防除的影响[J].大豆科学,2013,32(4):521-525.(Wang Y F,Lu Z Y,Zhang X Q,et al.Effect on weeds control in the conservation tillage soybean field using chemical herbicide[J].Soybean Science,2013,32(4):521-525.)
[17]黄春艳,王宇,陈铁保,等.唑嘧磺草胺土壤残留12个月对后茬作物的安全性[J].农药,2005,44(9):31-34.(Huang C Y,Wang Y,Chen T B,et al.Safety to succeeding crops of flumetsulam soil residues after 12 months[J].Agrochemicals,2005,44(9):31-34.)
[2]苏少泉.大豆田除草剂使用与变迁[J].现代农药,2011,10(6):10-14.(Su S Q.Application and change of soybean herbicides[J].Modern Agrochemicals,2011,10(6):10-14.)
[3]胡凡,朴英,王洪武,等.黑龙江省长残留除草剂应用及残留药害情况调查[J].黑龙江农业科学,2014(6):50-56.(Hu F,Piao Y,Wang H W,et al.Investigation on residue herbicide application and residue phytotoxicity in Heilongjiang provinc.Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences,2014(6):50-56.)
[4]乔金友,王博,韩兆桢,等.我国大豆产区生产能力评价研究[J].大豆科学,2015,34(6):1085-1089.(Qiao J Y,Wang B,Han Z Z,et al.Evaluation of the production capacity of China's soybean production areas[J].Soybean Science,2015,34(6):1085-1089.)
[5]王彦华,俞卫华,杨立之,等.22种常用除草剂对蚯蚓(Eisenia fetida)的急性毒性[J].生态毒理学报,2012,7(3):317-325.(Wang Y H,Yu W H,Yang L Z,et al.Acute toxicity of twenty-two commonly used herbicides to earthworm(Eisenia fetida)[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2012,7(3):317-325.)
[6]Aslam S,Garnier P,Rumpel C,et al.Adsorption and desorption behavior of selected pesticides as influenced by decomposition of maize mulch[J].Chemosphere,2013,91(11):1447-1455.
[7]曹鹏英,薄瑞,韩丽君,等.精异丙甲草胺在土壤中的吸附行为及环境影响因素研究[J].农药学学报,2007(2):159-164.(Cao Y P,Bo R,Han L J,et al.Study on the adsorption behavior and environmental impact factors of S-metolachlor in soil[J].Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,2007(2):159-164.)
[8]Otero R,Esquivel D,Ulibarri M A,et al.Mesoporous phenolic resin and mesoporous carbon for the removal of S-metolachlor and bentazon herbicides[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2014,251:92-101.
[9]Marín-Benito J M,Pot V,Alletto L,et al.Comparison of three pesticide fate models with respect to the leaching of two herbicides under field conditions in an irrigated maize cropping system[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,499:533-545.
[10]张玉婷,郭永泽,刘磊,等.精-异丙甲草胺在大豆及土壤中的残留动态[J].农药,2008,47(2):130-131.(Zhang Y T,Guo Y Z,Liu L,et al.Residues dynamics of S-metolachlor in soybean and soil[J].Agrochemicals,2008,47(2):130-131.)
[11]朱诗禹,崔娟,徐伟,等.精异丙甲草胺苗前封闭处理对大豆苗期生长及其生理生化指标的影响[J].植物保护学报,2016,43(4):677-682.(Zhu S Y,Cui J,Xu W,et al.Effects of the treatment with S-metolachlor before seedling emergence on the soybean growth and physiological and biochemical indexes[J].Journal of Plant Protection,2016,43(4):677-682.)
[12]黄春艳,陈铁保,王宇,等.28种除草剂对大豆的安全性及药害研究初报[J].植物保护,2003,29(1):31-34.(Huang C Y,Chen T B,Wang Y,et al.Preliminary studies on safety and injury of 28 herbicides to soybean[J].Plant Protection,2003,29(1):31-34.)
[13]史树森,朱诗禹,马帅,等.80%唑嘧磺草胺水分散粒剂苗前封闭处理对大豆苗期生长及其生理生化指标的影响[J].农药,2016,55(12):927-930.(Shi S S,Zhu S Y,Ma S,et al.Effects of pre-emergence spraying of flumetsulam 80%water dispersible granules on seeding growth,physiological and biochemical indexes of soybean[J].Agrochemicals,2016,55(12):927-930.)
[14]Sun Y P,Johnson E R.Analysis of joint action of insecticides against house flies[J].Journal of Economic Entomology,1960(53):887-891.
[15]戴炜,杨继芝,王小春,等.不同除草剂对间作玉米大豆的药害及除草效果[J].大豆科学,2017,36(2):287-294.(Dai W,Yang J Z,Wang X C,et al.The influence of different herbicides on intercropping soybean and maize[J].Soybean Science,2017,36(2):287-294.)
[16]王玉芬,路战远,张向前,等.化学除草剂对保护性耕作大豆田杂草防除的影响[J].大豆科学,2013,32(4):521-525.(Wang Y F,Lu Z Y,Zhang X Q,et al.Effect on weeds control in the conservation tillage soybean field using chemical herbicide[J].Soybean Science,2013,32(4):521-525.)
[17]黄春艳,王宇,陈铁保,等.唑嘧磺草胺土壤残留12个月对后茬作物的安全性[J].农药,2005,44(9):31-34.(Huang C Y,Wang Y,Chen T B,et al.Safety to succeeding crops of flumetsulam soil residues after 12 months[J].Agrochemicals,2005,44(9):31-34.)