精异丙甲草胺对甜菜田土壤主要微生物种群数量的影响
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摘要
【目的】研究不同施用量下,精异丙甲草胺对甜菜田不同土壤深度中各类主要微生物种群的变化,分析其对土壤主要微生物类群的影响作用。为精异丙甲草胺对土壤生态系统的深入研究和田间科学合理的施用奠定基础。【方法】采用固体平板计数法,研究土壤中的细菌、真菌和放线菌进行变化趋势。【结果】精异丙甲草胺对土壤中的细菌主要表现为抑制作用,且抑制作用与浓度呈正比,最大抑制率随着土壤深度而降低,在0～5、5～10和10～15 cm的最大抑制率分别是43.25%、32.57%、27.54%。精异丙甲草胺对土壤中真菌数量的影响主要表现为先抑制后促进的作用。最大激活率随土壤深度而降低,在0～5、5～10和10～15 cm最大激活率分别是64.10%、45.07%、27.78%。精异丙甲草胺对土壤中放线菌的影响大致为抑制-激活-恢复,最高抑制率在0～5、5～10和10～15 cm分别是62.85%、55.29%、35.40%。【结论】低施用量的抑制作用和激活作用都不如高施用量表现的明显,且放线菌总数随着时间的变化呈现递减的趋势。
【Objective】 This project aims to study the effects of S-metolachlor on the main microbial populations in different soil depths in sugar beet field and clarify its effect on soil main microbial groups.【Method】【Result】S-metolachlor mainly inhibited the bacteria in soil, and the inhibition was directly proportional to the concentration, and the maximum inhibition rate decreased with the depth of the soil. The maximum inhibitory rates of 0-5, 5-10 and 10-15 cm soil were 43.25%, 32.57% and 27.54%, respectively. The effect of S-metolachlor on the number of fungi in soil was inhibited first and then promoted. The maximum activation rate decreased with soil depth. The maximum activation rates of 0-5, 5-10 and 10-15 cm soil were 64.10%, 45.07% and 27.78% respectively. The inhibitory and activation effects of low application rate were not as obvious as those of high application rate. The effect of S-metolachlor on actinomycetes in soil was approximately inhibition, activation and recovery. The highest inhibition rates were 62.85%, 55.29% and 35.40% respectively in 0-5, 5-10 and 10-15 cm soil, and the total number of actinomycetes showed a decreasing trend over time.【Conclusion】The study has established the foundation for further study on soil ecosystem and scientific and rational application of S-metolachlor in fields.
【Objective】 This project aims to study the effects of S-metolachlor on the main microbial populations in different soil depths in sugar beet field and clarify its effect on soil main microbial groups.【Method】【Result】S-metolachlor mainly inhibited the bacteria in soil, and the inhibition was directly proportional to the concentration, and the maximum inhibition rate decreased with the depth of the soil. The maximum inhibitory rates of 0-5, 5-10 and 10-15 cm soil were 43.25%, 32.57% and 27.54%, respectively. The effect of S-metolachlor on the number of fungi in soil was inhibited first and then promoted. The maximum activation rate decreased with soil depth. The maximum activation rates of 0-5, 5-10 and 10-15 cm soil were 64.10%, 45.07% and 27.78% respectively. The inhibitory and activation effects of low application rate were not as obvious as those of high application rate. The effect of S-metolachlor on actinomycetes in soil was approximately inhibition, activation and recovery. The highest inhibition rates were 62.85%, 55.29% and 35.40% respectively in 0-5, 5-10 and 10-15 cm soil, and the total number of actinomycetes showed a decreasing trend over time.【Conclusion】The study has established the foundation for further study on soil ecosystem and scientific and rational application of S-metolachlor in fields.
引文
[1] 王正贵,封超年,郭文喜,等.除草剂异丙隆对麦田土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报, 2010, 16(5):688-691.WANG Zheng-gui, FENG Chao-nian, GUO Wen-Xi, et al. (2010).Effects of Isoproturon on Soil Microbial Populations and Enzyme Activities [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 16(5): 688-691. (in Chinese)
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[8] Swarcewicz, M. K., & Gregorczyk, A. (2012). The effects of pesticide mixtures on degradation of pendimethalin in soils. Environmental Monitoring & Assessment, 184(5): 3,077-3,084.
[9] Babich, H., & Stotzky, G. (1983). Developing standards for environmental toxicants: the need to consider abiotic environmental factors and microbe-mediated ecologic processes. Environmental Health Perspectives, (49): 247-260.
[10] Marx, M. C., Wood, M., & Jarvis, S. C. (2001). A microplate fluorimetric assay for the study of enzyme diversity in soils. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 33(12): 1,633-1,640.
[11] Trasarcepeda, C., Leiros, M. C., Seoane, S., & Gilsotres, F. (2000). Limitations of soil enzymes as indicators of soil pollution. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 32(13):1,867-1,875.
[12] 中国科学院南京土壤研究所微生物室.土壤微生物研究法[M].北京:科学出版社, 1985.Microorganism Department, Nanjing Institute of soil Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences. (1985). Soil Microorganism Research Method[M]. Beijing: Science Press. (in Chinese)
[13] 吴小毛,李明,龙友华,等.异丙甲草胺对植烟土壤微生物种群及生物活性的影响[J].山地农业生物学报,2013,32(4):283-287.WU Xiao-mao, LI Ming, LONG You-hua, et al. (2013). Effect of Metolachlor on Population and Biological Activity of Tobacco Field Soil Microorganism [J]. Journal of Mountain Agriculture and Biology, 32(4):283-287. (in Chinese)
[14] 赵兰,黎华寿.四种除草剂对稻田土壤微生物类群的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2008, 27(2):508-514.ZHAO Lan, LI Hua-shou. (2008). The Impacts of Four Typical Herbicides on Microbial Population in Paddy Soil [J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 27(2):508-514. (in Chinese)
[15] Stamper, D., & Tuovinen, O. (1998). Biodegradation of the acetanilide herbicides alachlor, metolachlor, and propachlor. CRC Critical Reviews in Microbiology, 24(1):1-22.
[16] 荆瑞勇,王丽艳,王彦杰,等.乙草胺对土壤微生物数量和酶活性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2010, 18(6):1 302-1 305.JING Rui-yong, WANG Li-yan, WANG Yan-jie, et al. (2010). Effect of acetochlor application on soil microorganism number and enzymes activities [J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 18(6):1,302-1,305. (in Chinese)
[17] 吴敏娜,张惠文,李新宇,等.乙草胺胁迫对土壤真菌拮抗功能和假单胞菌以及芽孢杆菌群落结构的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(3):926-931.WU Min-na, ZHANG Hui-wen, LI Xin-yu, et al. (2008). Effects of Acetochlor on Soil Fungistasis and the Community Structure of Pseudomonas and Bacillus [J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 27(3): 926-931. (in Chinese)
[18] 胡佳月,贾会娟,韩小强,等.二甲戊灵对棉田土壤微生物的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2016, 38(5):890-896.HU Jia-yue, JIA Hui-juan, HAN Xiao-qiang, et al. (2016). Effects of pendimethalin on Cotton Soil Microorganism [J]. Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis, 38(5):890-896. (in Chinese)
[19] 侯少锋,李荣玉,尹显慧,等.精异丙甲草胺胁迫下烟草根际土壤微生物的动态响应及其降解[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(6):493-495.HOU Shao-feng, LI Rong-yu, YIN Xian-hui, et al. (2016). Dynamic response and degradation of tobacco rhizosphere soil microorganisms under the stress of S-Metolachlor stress [J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 44(6):493-495. (in Chinese)
[20] 李立鑫,高增贵,杨瑞秀.常用除草剂对玉米根际土壤微生物的影响[J].辽宁农业科学, 2015,(2):14-16.LI Li-xin, GAO Zeng-gui, YANG Rui-xiu. (2015). Effects of herbicides on rhizosphere soil microorganisms in Maize [J]. Liaoning Agricultural Sciences, (2):14-16. (in Chinese)
[21] 刘维屏.农药环境化学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006.LIU Wei-ping. (2006). Environmental Chemistry of Pesticide[M]. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press. (in Chinese)
[2] 陶波,蒋凌雪,沈晓峰,等.草甘膦对土壤微生物的影响[J].中国油料作物学报, 2011, 33(2):162-168.TAO Bo, JIANG Ling-xue, SHEN Xiao-feng, et al. (2011). Effects of glyphosate on soil microorganisms [J]. Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences, 33(2):162-168. (in Chinese)
[3] Manickam, N., Pathak, A., Saini, H. S., Mayilraj, S., & Shanker, R. (2010). Metabolic profiles and phylogenetic diversity of microbial communities from chlorinated pesticides contaminated sites of different geographical habitats of India. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 109(4): 1,458-1,468.
[4] 李霞,王纯兰,郑亚东,等.96%精异丙甲草胺乳油防除玉米、大豆田杂草试验[J].农药科学与管理,2006,27(6):23-25.LI Xia, WANG Chun-lan, ZHENG Ya-dong, et al. (2006). Control of weeds in corn and soybean fields by 96% S-metolachlor EC [J]. Scientific Management Of Pesticide, 27(6): 23-25. (in Chinese)
[5] O'Connell, P. J., Harms, C. T., & Jrf, A. (1998). Metolachlor, s-metolachlor and their role within sustainable weed-management. Crop Protection, 17(3): 207-212.
[6] Khan, M., & Hassan, W. (2003). Effect of s-metolachlor (dual gold 960 ec) on weed control and yields in different crops. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture.
[7] Soltani, N., Shropshire, C., Cowan, T., & Sikkema, P. (2004). Tolerance of black beans (phaseolus vulgaris) to soil applications of s-metolachlor and imazethapyr1. Weed Technology, 18(1): 111-118.
[8] Swarcewicz, M. K., & Gregorczyk, A. (2012). The effects of pesticide mixtures on degradation of pendimethalin in soils. Environmental Monitoring & Assessment, 184(5): 3,077-3,084.
[9] Babich, H., & Stotzky, G. (1983). Developing standards for environmental toxicants: the need to consider abiotic environmental factors and microbe-mediated ecologic processes. Environmental Health Perspectives, (49): 247-260.
[10] Marx, M. C., Wood, M., & Jarvis, S. C. (2001). A microplate fluorimetric assay for the study of enzyme diversity in soils. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 33(12): 1,633-1,640.
[11] Trasarcepeda, C., Leiros, M. C., Seoane, S., & Gilsotres, F. (2000). Limitations of soil enzymes as indicators of soil pollution. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 32(13):1,867-1,875.
[12] 中国科学院南京土壤研究所微生物室.土壤微生物研究法[M].北京:科学出版社, 1985.Microorganism Department, Nanjing Institute of soil Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences. (1985). Soil Microorganism Research Method[M]. Beijing: Science Press. (in Chinese)
[13] 吴小毛,李明,龙友华,等.异丙甲草胺对植烟土壤微生物种群及生物活性的影响[J].山地农业生物学报,2013,32(4):283-287.WU Xiao-mao, LI Ming, LONG You-hua, et al. (2013). Effect of Metolachlor on Population and Biological Activity of Tobacco Field Soil Microorganism [J]. Journal of Mountain Agriculture and Biology, 32(4):283-287. (in Chinese)
[14] 赵兰,黎华寿.四种除草剂对稻田土壤微生物类群的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2008, 27(2):508-514.ZHAO Lan, LI Hua-shou. (2008). The Impacts of Four Typical Herbicides on Microbial Population in Paddy Soil [J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 27(2):508-514. (in Chinese)
[15] Stamper, D., & Tuovinen, O. (1998). Biodegradation of the acetanilide herbicides alachlor, metolachlor, and propachlor. CRC Critical Reviews in Microbiology, 24(1):1-22.
[16] 荆瑞勇,王丽艳,王彦杰,等.乙草胺对土壤微生物数量和酶活性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2010, 18(6):1 302-1 305.JING Rui-yong, WANG Li-yan, WANG Yan-jie, et al. (2010). Effect of acetochlor application on soil microorganism number and enzymes activities [J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 18(6):1,302-1,305. (in Chinese)
[17] 吴敏娜,张惠文,李新宇,等.乙草胺胁迫对土壤真菌拮抗功能和假单胞菌以及芽孢杆菌群落结构的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(3):926-931.WU Min-na, ZHANG Hui-wen, LI Xin-yu, et al. (2008). Effects of Acetochlor on Soil Fungistasis and the Community Structure of Pseudomonas and Bacillus [J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 27(3): 926-931. (in Chinese)
[18] 胡佳月,贾会娟,韩小强,等.二甲戊灵对棉田土壤微生物的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2016, 38(5):890-896.HU Jia-yue, JIA Hui-juan, HAN Xiao-qiang, et al. (2016). Effects of pendimethalin on Cotton Soil Microorganism [J]. Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis, 38(5):890-896. (in Chinese)
[19] 侯少锋,李荣玉,尹显慧,等.精异丙甲草胺胁迫下烟草根际土壤微生物的动态响应及其降解[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(6):493-495.HOU Shao-feng, LI Rong-yu, YIN Xian-hui, et al. (2016). Dynamic response and degradation of tobacco rhizosphere soil microorganisms under the stress of S-Metolachlor stress [J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 44(6):493-495. (in Chinese)
[20] 李立鑫,高增贵,杨瑞秀.常用除草剂对玉米根际土壤微生物的影响[J].辽宁农业科学, 2015,(2):14-16.LI Li-xin, GAO Zeng-gui, YANG Rui-xiu. (2015). Effects of herbicides on rhizosphere soil microorganisms in Maize [J]. Liaoning Agricultural Sciences, (2):14-16. (in Chinese)
[21] 刘维屏.农药环境化学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006.LIU Wei-ping. (2006). Environmental Chemistry of Pesticide[M]. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press. (in Chinese)