异交率对大豆不育系种子质量的影响及调控方法
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摘要
为查明一些大豆不育系成熟期不落叶和皱缩种子比例偏高的原因,2015-2016年以低、中、高异交率的不育系和保持系为材料,分析了库源流特征和皱缩种子的产生规律,并探讨了不同调控方法对降低皱缩种子比例的有效性。结果表明:R6期开始,中低异交率不育系的叶片SPAD值下降速度明显慢于其同型保持系,而高异交率不育系的变动趋势则与保持系趋同,并且其营养器官内的NPK元素能够更快更彻底地转移至种子;皱缩种子比例偏高会显著降低种子的发芽势和发芽率,通过改变收获时期降低皱缩种子比例的效果并不明显,过早收获反而不利于种子发育;剪叶和稀植能够有效提高异交率,降低皱缩种子的比例。因此,异交率偏低导致的源库比例失衡是一些大豆不育系成熟期不落叶和皱缩种子比例偏高的直接原因,通过剪叶、稀植等方法提高不育系异交率是改善这些问题的有效方法。
To investigate the reason of no fallen leave and high shrinking seeds proportion in some sterile lines in soybean,sterile lines with low,middle and high out-crossing rate and its maintainer lines were used from 2015 to 2016 to analyze the traits of sink-source characteristics,rule of shrinking seeds appearance and effectiveness of different regulating ways.The results showed that leaf SPAD value in sterile lines with low and middle out-crossing rate declined obviously slowly than its maintainer lines,however,the trends was convergence between high out-crossing rate sterile and its maintainer line.The elements of N,P,K in vegetative organs in high out-crossing rate sterile line could be moved faster and thoroughly to seeds.High proportion of shrinking seeds lower germinate force and rate apparently,but the effectiveness by changing harvest time was limited,on the contrary,harvesting too early went against development of seeds.Cutting leave and rarely planting could enhance out-crossing rate and lower proportion of shrinking seeds effectively.Therefore,low out-crossing rate was the direct reason of no fallen leave during mature stage and high proportion shrinking seeds in some sterile lines,through cutting leave and rarely plant to enhance out-crossing rate was effective way to improve those problems.
To investigate the reason of no fallen leave and high shrinking seeds proportion in some sterile lines in soybean,sterile lines with low,middle and high out-crossing rate and its maintainer lines were used from 2015 to 2016 to analyze the traits of sink-source characteristics,rule of shrinking seeds appearance and effectiveness of different regulating ways.The results showed that leaf SPAD value in sterile lines with low and middle out-crossing rate declined obviously slowly than its maintainer lines,however,the trends was convergence between high out-crossing rate sterile and its maintainer line.The elements of N,P,K in vegetative organs in high out-crossing rate sterile line could be moved faster and thoroughly to seeds.High proportion of shrinking seeds lower germinate force and rate apparently,but the effectiveness by changing harvest time was limited,on the contrary,harvesting too early went against development of seeds.Cutting leave and rarely planting could enhance out-crossing rate and lower proportion of shrinking seeds effectively.Therefore,low out-crossing rate was the direct reason of no fallen leave during mature stage and high proportion shrinking seeds in some sterile lines,through cutting leave and rarely plant to enhance out-crossing rate was effective way to improve those problems.
引文
[1]赵丽梅,孙寰,王曙明,等.大豆杂交种杂交豆1号选育报告[J].中国油料作物学报,2004,26(3):15-17.(Zhao L M,Sun H,Wang S M,et al.Breeding of hybrid soybean Hybrid 1[J].Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,2004,26(3):15-17.)
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[3]张伟,赵婧,邱强,等.杂交大豆生殖生长期冠层生理及产量构成特征[J].作物学报,2013,39(12):2192-2200.(Zhang W,Zhao J,Qiu Q,et al.Canopy physiology and characteristics of yield components during reproductive stage in soybean hybrids[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2013,39(12):2192-2200.)
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[7]孙寰,赵丽梅,王曙明,等.大豆杂种优势利用研究进展[J].中国油料作物学报,2003,25(1):92-100.(Sun H,Zhao L M,Wang S M,et al.A review of the utilization of heterosis in soybean[J].Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Science,2003,25(1):92-100.)
[8]王曙明,孙寰,赵丽梅,等.中国大豆雄性不育和杂种优势利用研究进展与问题分析[J].大豆科学,2009,28(6):1089-1102.(Wang S M,Sun H,Zhao L M,et al.Progress and problem analysis on soybean male sterility and heterosis exploitation in China[J].Soybean Science,2009,28(6):1089-1102.)
[9]崔光军.花生突变体种子皱缩形成机理及其遗传研究[D].山东:山东农业大学,2010:36-70.(Cui G J.Research on formation mechanism and genetic analysis of wrinkled seed of mutant in peanut(Arachs hypogaea L.)[D].Shandong:Shandong Agricultural University,2010:36-70.)
[10]Nicole F,Christoph B.Wrinkled1:A novel,low-seed-oil mutant of Arabidopsis with a deficiency in the seed-specific regulation of carbohydrate metabolism[J].Plant Physiology,1998,118:91-101.
[11]Monica V C,Enrique M F,Rafael G.Lipid characterization of a winkled sunflower mutant[J].Phytochemistry,2008,69:684-691.
[12]Cheng W H,Taliercio E W,Chourey P S.The miniaturel seed locus of maize encodes a cell wall invertase required for normal development of endosperm and maternal cells in the pedice[J].The Plant Cell,1996,8:971-983.
[13]李正德,王成社,杨天章,等.小麦T型雄性不育系及其杂交种种子皱缩问题的研究[J].西北农业大学学报,1987,15(2):1-9.(Li Z D,Wang C S,Yang T Z,et al.Studies of shriveled seeds of male-sterile lines and their hybrids with T.timopheevi cytoplasm in wheat[J].Journal of Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry,1987,15(2):1-9.)
[14]Tsai C Y,Larkins B A,Glover D V.Interaction of the Opaque-2gene with starch forming mutant genes on the synthesis of zero in maize endosperm[J].Biochemistry Genetic,1978,16:883-896.
[15]Hedley C L,Smith C M,Ambrose M J,et al.An analysis of seed development in Pisum sativum II.The effect of the r locus on the growth and development of the seed[J].Annals of botany,1986,58:371-379.
[16]彭玉华,胡水秀.北方大豆种质引种南方后种子皱缩的研究[J].大豆科学,1997,16(4):343-347.(Peng Y H,Hu S X.Study on shriveled seeds of soybean developed in northern&grown in southern area[J].Soybean Science,1997,16(4):343-347.)
[17]赵洪梅,郑洪兵.改变源库关系对大豆产量生理的影响[J].大豆科学,2009,28(4):736-739.(Zhao H M,Zheng H B.Research advance on physiological changes respond to a literation of source-sink relationship in soybean[J].Soybean Science,2009,28(4):736-739.)
[18]王光华,刘晓兵,杨恕平,等.生殖生长期源库改变对大豆籽粒产量和品质的影响[J].大豆科学,1999,18(3):234-241.(Wang G H,Liu X B,Yang S P,et al.Changes of sink-source relationship during reproductive stage on yield and quality of soybean seeds[J].Soybean Science,1999,18(3):234-241.)
[19]管春英.改变源库关系对大豆产量与品质的影响[D].吉林:吉林农业大学,2005:45-46.(Guan C Y.Effects of changing source-sink relationship on yield and quality in soybean[D].Jilin:Jilin Agricultural University,2005:45-46.)
[20]傅金民,张康零,苏芳.大豆产量形成期光合速率和库源调节效应[J].中国油料作物学报,1998,20(1):51-56.(Fu J M,Zhang K L,Su F.Photosynthesis rate and source-sink manipulation effects on podding characteristic in soybean[J].Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,1998,20(1):51-56.)
[21]骆兵.利用花生突变体分析调控子仁饱满度的生理因素及其基因的研究[D].山东:山东农业大学,2013:23-41.(Luo B.Research in regulation of physiological factors and related genes for kernel plumpness with the peanut mutant[J].Shandong:Shandong Agricultural University,2013:23-41.)
[22]Miron D,Schaffer A A.Sucrose phosphate synthase,sucrose synthase,and invertase activities in developing fruit of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.and the sucrose accumulating Lycopersicon hirsutum Humb.and Bonpl[J].Plant Physiology,1991,95:623-627.
[23]Zrenner R,Salanoubat M,Willmitzer L,et al.Evidence of the crucial role of sucrose synthase for sink strength using transgenic potato plants(Solanum tuberosum L.)[J].The Plant Journal,1995,7(1):97-107.
[24]Golombek S,Rolletschek H,Wobus U,et al.Control of storage protein accumulation during legume seed development[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,2001,158:457-464.
[25]Weber H,Borisjuk L,Heim U,et al.Seed coat-associated invertases of fava bean control both unloading and storage functions:Cloning of c DNAs and cell type-specific expression[J].Plant Cell,1995,7:1835-1846.
[26]Barratt D H P,Pullen A.Control of seed protein accumulation in field bean[J].Annals of Botany,1984,54:31-38.
[27]Farrar J,Pollock C,Gallagher J.Sucrose and the integration of metabolism in vascular plants[J].Plant Science,2000,154(1):1-11.
[28]Weber H,Borisjuk L,Wobus U.Sugar import and metabolism during seed development[J].Trends in Plant Science,1997,2(5):169-174.
[29]Weber H,Borisjuk L,Wobus U.Controlling seed development and seed size in Vicia faba:A role for seed coat-associated invertases and carbohydrate state[J].Plant Journal,1996,10:823-834.
[30]Laughnan J R.The effect of the sh2 factor on carbohydrate reserves in the mature endosperm of maize[J].Genetics,1953,38:485-499.
[31]Cheng W,Taliercio E W,Chourey P S.The míniaturel seed locus of maize encodes a cell wall lnvertase required for normal development of endosperm and maternal cells in the pedice[J].The Plant Cell,1996,8,971-983.
[32]Felker F C,Peterson D M,Nelson O E.Anatomy of immature grains of eight maternal effect shrunken endosperm barley mutants[J].American Journal of Botany,1985,72(2):248-256.
[2]张伟,邱强,赵婧,等.杂交大豆根系形态生理特性与产量的关系[J].大豆科学,2014,33(3):347-352.(Zhang W,Qiu Q,Zhao J,et al.Relationship between root morphological characters and yield of hybrid soybeans[J].Soybean Science,2014,33(3):347-352.)
[3]张伟,赵婧,邱强,等.杂交大豆生殖生长期冠层生理及产量构成特征[J].作物学报,2013,39(12):2192-2200.(Zhang W,Zhao J,Qiu Q,et al.Canopy physiology and characteristics of yield components during reproductive stage in soybean hybrids[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2013,39(12):2192-2200.)
[4]王志新,郭泰,苏宁,等.大豆杂种优势高优势组合筛选及稳定性分析[J].中国农学通报,2001,17(2):27-29.(Wang Z X,Guo T,Su N,et al.Selection of high-superiority cross combination for soybean heterosis and its stability analysis[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2001,17(2):27-29.)
[5]彭宝,赵丽梅,王曙明,等.高产杂交大豆新品种杂交豆2号制种技术[J].大豆科技,2008(4):46-47.(Peng B,Zhao L M,Wang S M,et al.High production hybrid soybean new variety Hyb-Soy 2 and hybrid seed production technology[J].Soybean Science&Technology,2008(4):46-47.)
[6]闫晓燕,邱强,石一鸣,等.杂交大豆高产种植方式及合理群体结构的研究[J].吉林农业科学,2007,32(5):3-8.(Yan X Y,Qiu Q,Shi Y M,et al.Study on high yield planting hybrid soybean and reasonable population structure[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural Sciences,2007,32(5):3-8.)
[7]孙寰,赵丽梅,王曙明,等.大豆杂种优势利用研究进展[J].中国油料作物学报,2003,25(1):92-100.(Sun H,Zhao L M,Wang S M,et al.A review of the utilization of heterosis in soybean[J].Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Science,2003,25(1):92-100.)
[8]王曙明,孙寰,赵丽梅,等.中国大豆雄性不育和杂种优势利用研究进展与问题分析[J].大豆科学,2009,28(6):1089-1102.(Wang S M,Sun H,Zhao L M,et al.Progress and problem analysis on soybean male sterility and heterosis exploitation in China[J].Soybean Science,2009,28(6):1089-1102.)
[9]崔光军.花生突变体种子皱缩形成机理及其遗传研究[D].山东:山东农业大学,2010:36-70.(Cui G J.Research on formation mechanism and genetic analysis of wrinkled seed of mutant in peanut(Arachs hypogaea L.)[D].Shandong:Shandong Agricultural University,2010:36-70.)
[10]Nicole F,Christoph B.Wrinkled1:A novel,low-seed-oil mutant of Arabidopsis with a deficiency in the seed-specific regulation of carbohydrate metabolism[J].Plant Physiology,1998,118:91-101.
[11]Monica V C,Enrique M F,Rafael G.Lipid characterization of a winkled sunflower mutant[J].Phytochemistry,2008,69:684-691.
[12]Cheng W H,Taliercio E W,Chourey P S.The miniaturel seed locus of maize encodes a cell wall invertase required for normal development of endosperm and maternal cells in the pedice[J].The Plant Cell,1996,8:971-983.
[13]李正德,王成社,杨天章,等.小麦T型雄性不育系及其杂交种种子皱缩问题的研究[J].西北农业大学学报,1987,15(2):1-9.(Li Z D,Wang C S,Yang T Z,et al.Studies of shriveled seeds of male-sterile lines and their hybrids with T.timopheevi cytoplasm in wheat[J].Journal of Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry,1987,15(2):1-9.)
[14]Tsai C Y,Larkins B A,Glover D V.Interaction of the Opaque-2gene with starch forming mutant genes on the synthesis of zero in maize endosperm[J].Biochemistry Genetic,1978,16:883-896.
[15]Hedley C L,Smith C M,Ambrose M J,et al.An analysis of seed development in Pisum sativum II.The effect of the r locus on the growth and development of the seed[J].Annals of botany,1986,58:371-379.
[16]彭玉华,胡水秀.北方大豆种质引种南方后种子皱缩的研究[J].大豆科学,1997,16(4):343-347.(Peng Y H,Hu S X.Study on shriveled seeds of soybean developed in northern&grown in southern area[J].Soybean Science,1997,16(4):343-347.)
[17]赵洪梅,郑洪兵.改变源库关系对大豆产量生理的影响[J].大豆科学,2009,28(4):736-739.(Zhao H M,Zheng H B.Research advance on physiological changes respond to a literation of source-sink relationship in soybean[J].Soybean Science,2009,28(4):736-739.)
[18]王光华,刘晓兵,杨恕平,等.生殖生长期源库改变对大豆籽粒产量和品质的影响[J].大豆科学,1999,18(3):234-241.(Wang G H,Liu X B,Yang S P,et al.Changes of sink-source relationship during reproductive stage on yield and quality of soybean seeds[J].Soybean Science,1999,18(3):234-241.)
[19]管春英.改变源库关系对大豆产量与品质的影响[D].吉林:吉林农业大学,2005:45-46.(Guan C Y.Effects of changing source-sink relationship on yield and quality in soybean[D].Jilin:Jilin Agricultural University,2005:45-46.)
[20]傅金民,张康零,苏芳.大豆产量形成期光合速率和库源调节效应[J].中国油料作物学报,1998,20(1):51-56.(Fu J M,Zhang K L,Su F.Photosynthesis rate and source-sink manipulation effects on podding characteristic in soybean[J].Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,1998,20(1):51-56.)
[21]骆兵.利用花生突变体分析调控子仁饱满度的生理因素及其基因的研究[D].山东:山东农业大学,2013:23-41.(Luo B.Research in regulation of physiological factors and related genes for kernel plumpness with the peanut mutant[J].Shandong:Shandong Agricultural University,2013:23-41.)
[22]Miron D,Schaffer A A.Sucrose phosphate synthase,sucrose synthase,and invertase activities in developing fruit of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.and the sucrose accumulating Lycopersicon hirsutum Humb.and Bonpl[J].Plant Physiology,1991,95:623-627.
[23]Zrenner R,Salanoubat M,Willmitzer L,et al.Evidence of the crucial role of sucrose synthase for sink strength using transgenic potato plants(Solanum tuberosum L.)[J].The Plant Journal,1995,7(1):97-107.
[24]Golombek S,Rolletschek H,Wobus U,et al.Control of storage protein accumulation during legume seed development[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,2001,158:457-464.
[25]Weber H,Borisjuk L,Heim U,et al.Seed coat-associated invertases of fava bean control both unloading and storage functions:Cloning of c DNAs and cell type-specific expression[J].Plant Cell,1995,7:1835-1846.
[26]Barratt D H P,Pullen A.Control of seed protein accumulation in field bean[J].Annals of Botany,1984,54:31-38.
[27]Farrar J,Pollock C,Gallagher J.Sucrose and the integration of metabolism in vascular plants[J].Plant Science,2000,154(1):1-11.
[28]Weber H,Borisjuk L,Wobus U.Sugar import and metabolism during seed development[J].Trends in Plant Science,1997,2(5):169-174.
[29]Weber H,Borisjuk L,Wobus U.Controlling seed development and seed size in Vicia faba:A role for seed coat-associated invertases and carbohydrate state[J].Plant Journal,1996,10:823-834.
[30]Laughnan J R.The effect of the sh2 factor on carbohydrate reserves in the mature endosperm of maize[J].Genetics,1953,38:485-499.
[31]Cheng W,Taliercio E W,Chourey P S.The míniaturel seed locus of maize encodes a cell wall lnvertase required for normal development of endosperm and maternal cells in the pedice[J].The Plant Cell,1996,8,971-983.
[32]Felker F C,Peterson D M,Nelson O E.Anatomy of immature grains of eight maternal effect shrunken endosperm barley mutants[J].American Journal of Botany,1985,72(2):248-256.