棉花脱叶剂对不同播期油菜种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响
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摘要
为探明喷施棉花脱叶剂后油菜的最佳适播期,以常规油菜中双11号为供试材料,设置5个不同播期(10月11、14、17、20、23日,分别以T1、T2、T3、T4和T5表示),在T2播期完成时在土壤上喷施棉花脱叶剂及清水(对照),研究喷施棉花脱叶剂对后茬不同播期油菜种子出苗率及幼苗性状的影响。结果表明,喷施脱叶剂后,T1和T2播期油菜种子出苗率和幼苗鲜重显著低于对照,T1播期油菜种子发芽势和苗高也显著低于对照,其他播期油菜出苗率、发芽势以及幼苗性状与对照均无显著差异;播期不同对油菜种子发芽势无显著影响,但对幼苗性状影响显著;T3播期脱叶剂处理和对照的幼苗性状均表现最佳。油菜最佳适播期为T3时期,且在油菜直播后喷施脱叶剂显著影响油菜种子正常萌发及幼苗生长。
In order to find out the optimum sowing date of rapeseed after cotton spraying defoliant, Zhongshuang 11 was used as the test material. Five different sowing dates were set up(on October 11, October 14, October 17, October 20, October 23, expressed as T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5). When the sowing date of T2 was completed, defoliant and clear water(CK) were spraying in each plot. The effects of cotton defoliant spraying on seed emergence rate and seedling quality of rapeseed at different sowing dates were studied. The results showed that, the seedling emergence rate and fresh weight of rapeseed seedlings at T1 and T2 were significantly lower than CK after spraying defoliant. Seed germination potential and seedling height of rapeseed at T1 sowing date were also significantly lower than CK. There were no significant differences in seedling emergence rate, germination potential, seedling quality and CK among other sowing dates. Different sowing date had no significant effect on seed germination potential, but had significant effect on seedling traits. The seedling quality between treatments and controls was the best at the seeding date of T3. It can be seen from the above that the optimum sowing time of rapeseed is T3, and spraying defoliant after direct sowing significantly affects the normal germination of rapeseed seeds and seedling growth.
In order to find out the optimum sowing date of rapeseed after cotton spraying defoliant, Zhongshuang 11 was used as the test material. Five different sowing dates were set up(on October 11, October 14, October 17, October 20, October 23, expressed as T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5). When the sowing date of T2 was completed, defoliant and clear water(CK) were spraying in each plot. The effects of cotton defoliant spraying on seed emergence rate and seedling quality of rapeseed at different sowing dates were studied. The results showed that, the seedling emergence rate and fresh weight of rapeseed seedlings at T1 and T2 were significantly lower than CK after spraying defoliant. Seed germination potential and seedling height of rapeseed at T1 sowing date were also significantly lower than CK. There were no significant differences in seedling emergence rate, germination potential, seedling quality and CK among other sowing dates. Different sowing date had no significant effect on seed germination potential, but had significant effect on seedling traits. The seedling quality between treatments and controls was the best at the seeding date of T3. It can be seen from the above that the optimum sowing time of rapeseed is T3, and spraying defoliant after direct sowing significantly affects the normal germination of rapeseed seeds and seedling growth.
引文
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[14]郭西智,陈锦永,顾红,等.乙烯利在果蔬生产中的安全应用[J].湖北农业科学,2018,57(8):5-8.
[15]马霓,张春雷,李俊,等.播期和密度对免耕直播油菜生长及产量的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2010,49(7):1580-1583.
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[19]胡晓丽,姜艳丽,宋建中,等.脱叶剂对夏播棉产量、品质及种子活力的影响[J].中国棉花,2015,42(12):10-14.
[20]张丽娟,夏绍南,李永旗,等.新型脱叶剂欣噻利在赣北棉花上的应用效果初报[J].中国棉花,2017,44(6):30-32.
[21]廖桂平,官春云.不同播期对不同基因型油菜产量特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2001,12(6):853-858.
[22]吴永成,徐亚丽,彭海浪,等.播期及种植密度对直播油菜农艺性状和产量品质的影响[J].西南农业学报,2015,28(2):534-538.
[23]李亚贞,肖国滨,川叶,等.不同播期和氮肥用量对油菜新品系159GP10生育及产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(20):78-82.
[24] ZHANG Z,LU J W,CONG R H,et al. Evaluating agroclimatic constraints and yield gaps for winter oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.)——A case study[J].Scientific reports,2017,8(1):2746.
[25]马霓,李云昌,胡琼,等.我国南方冬油菜机械化生产农艺研究进展[J].中国油料作物学报,2010,32(3):451-456.
[26]李林林,白玉超,刘楠楠.化学脱叶剂及催熟剂在农作物上的应用现状[J].中国农学通报,2018,34(12):132-135.
[27]秦鸿德,冯常辉,张友昌,等.适用麦(油)棉两熟的机采棉栽培技术[J].湖北农业科学,2017,56(24):4703-4704.
[28]汤涛,张昌朋,吴珉,等.固相萃取/超高效液相色谱——串联质谱法分析乙烯利在棉籽、棉叶和土壤中的残留[J].分析测试学报,2019,38(1):69-74.
[29]金涛,段劲生,高同春.QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定双氟磺草胺和氯氟吡氧乙酸在小麦和土壤中的残留及消解动态[J].农药学学报,2018,20(4):468-476.
[2]官春云,谭太龙,陈社员,等.油菜化学催熟研究初报[J].作物研究,2008,22(3):154-156.
[3]韩碧文,李丕明,奚惠达,等.棉花应用乙烯利催熟技术及其原理[J].中国农业科学,1983(3):47-53.
[4]许建,丁志毅,许蓉,等.棉花化学脱叶催熟效果及其对棉子质量影响初报[J].新疆农业科学,2003,40(2):116-118.
[5]张聘,商贺阳,黄有总.甘蔗化学调控的研究与应用进展[J].热带农业科技,2017,40(4):42-46.
[6]吴楠,聂丹丹,陈亮,等.外源脱落酸在水稻盐碱胁迫作用中的进展[J].分子植物育种,2018,16(1):275-279.
[7]徐家安,王健康,丁成伟,等.克无踪催熟水稻试验研究初探[J].中国稻米,2013,19(1):78-80.
[8]施保国,邢华.直播稻穗期应用复方乙烯利催熟增产效应试验[J].现代农业科技,2009(1):186,190.
[9]刘京涛,刘炳强,吴振美,等.立收谷水剂催熟对小麦机械收割效果的影响[J].作物杂志,2006(3):53.
[10]邵立威,张喜英,陈素英,等.花后脱叶对冬小麦产量形成和水分利用效率的影响[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(1):21-26.
[11]郑伟,肖国滨,肖小军,等.乙烯利催熟对谷林套播油菜成熟进程、产量和品质的影响[J].核农学报,2017,31(1):156-162.
[12]孟祥春,黄泽鹏,毕方铖.果蔬乙烯催熟系统设计及香蕉催熟试验[J].果树学报,2018,35(3):376-384.
[13]李冬梅.蔬菜植物生长调节剂使用技术规范[J].农业科技通讯,2015(5):300-301.
[14]郭西智,陈锦永,顾红,等.乙烯利在果蔬生产中的安全应用[J].湖北农业科学,2018,57(8):5-8.
[15]马霓,张春雷,李俊,等.播期和密度对免耕直播油菜生长及产量的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2010,49(7):1580-1583.
[16]王谊,杨丽红.脱叶剂对棉花脱叶率和产量的影响[J].中国棉花,2014,41(4):28-30.
[17]张丽娟,夏绍南,崔爱花,等.几种棉花脱叶催熟剂在鄱阳湖棉区的应用效果初探[J].江西农业学报,2013,25(5):16-18.
[18]李新裕,陈玉娟,乔江,等.脱叶剂对棉花产量及纤维品质的影响[J].中国棉花,2001,28(2):11-13.
[19]胡晓丽,姜艳丽,宋建中,等.脱叶剂对夏播棉产量、品质及种子活力的影响[J].中国棉花,2015,42(12):10-14.
[20]张丽娟,夏绍南,李永旗,等.新型脱叶剂欣噻利在赣北棉花上的应用效果初报[J].中国棉花,2017,44(6):30-32.
[21]廖桂平,官春云.不同播期对不同基因型油菜产量特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2001,12(6):853-858.
[22]吴永成,徐亚丽,彭海浪,等.播期及种植密度对直播油菜农艺性状和产量品质的影响[J].西南农业学报,2015,28(2):534-538.
[23]李亚贞,肖国滨,川叶,等.不同播期和氮肥用量对油菜新品系159GP10生育及产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(20):78-82.
[24] ZHANG Z,LU J W,CONG R H,et al. Evaluating agroclimatic constraints and yield gaps for winter oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.)——A case study[J].Scientific reports,2017,8(1):2746.
[25]马霓,李云昌,胡琼,等.我国南方冬油菜机械化生产农艺研究进展[J].中国油料作物学报,2010,32(3):451-456.
[26]李林林,白玉超,刘楠楠.化学脱叶剂及催熟剂在农作物上的应用现状[J].中国农学通报,2018,34(12):132-135.
[27]秦鸿德,冯常辉,张友昌,等.适用麦(油)棉两熟的机采棉栽培技术[J].湖北农业科学,2017,56(24):4703-4704.
[28]汤涛,张昌朋,吴珉,等.固相萃取/超高效液相色谱——串联质谱法分析乙烯利在棉籽、棉叶和土壤中的残留[J].分析测试学报,2019,38(1):69-74.
[29]金涛,段劲生,高同春.QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定双氟磺草胺和氯氟吡氧乙酸在小麦和土壤中的残留及消解动态[J].农药学学报,2018,20(4):468-476.