青藏高原腹地不同海拔带青藏公路取土迹地恢复草地植物群落的特征
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摘要
线状工程取土迹地植被的恢复是青藏高原草地生态系统恢复的重要组分。本研究以天然未退化草地植物群落为参照,从植物群落总数量指标和经济类群指标两个层面,分析了青藏公路取土迹地(约30 cm深)恢复区域植物群落沿海拔梯度的变化特征。结果表明:天然未退化草地植物群落地上生物量、高度及覆盖度随海拔增加呈递减趋势,而恢复区域植物群落地上生物量、高度及覆盖度随海拔增加呈先增加后降低趋势;天然未退化草地植物群落和恢复区域植物群落内豆科(Leguminosae)植物和莎草科(Cyperaceae)植物高度、覆盖度及地上生物量随海拔增加表现为先增加后降低趋势;虽然天然未退化草地植物群落和恢复区域植物群落内杂类草(Weed)植物的高度和覆盖度随海拔梯度增加呈先增加后降低趋势,但地上生物量随海拔增加却呈降低趋势;天然未退化草地植物群落和恢复区域植物群落内禾本科(Graminea)植物覆盖度和地上生物量随海拔增加呈递减趋势,但恢复区域植物群落内禾本科植物高度随海拔梯度增加呈先增加后降低趋势。天然未退化草地植物群落和恢复区域植物群落中多样性指数随海拔梯度变化均呈先增加后降低趋势,而丰富度指数和均匀度指数则随海拔梯度的上升无明显差异。说明恢复植物群落和天然植物群落随海拔升高,总群落高度、覆盖度、生物量和多样性指数变化一致,但各个经济类群的高度、覆盖度、生物量变化不一致。
Restoration of vegetation in a linear project is an important component of grassland ecosystem restoration in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In this study, variation of the plant community along the elevation gradient on the land used for engineering construction(approximately 30 cm deep) was analyzed from two levels of total plant population indicators and the economic value of plants indicators, which were based on the natural undegraded grassland plant community. The results showed that the aboveground biomass, height, and coverage of the natural undegraded grassland plant community decreased with the increase in elevation, whereas the aboveground biomass, height, and coverage in the restoration of regional plant communities first increased and then decreased with elevation. The height, coverage, and aboveground biomass of Leguminosae and Cyperaceae in the natural and restoration plant communities first increased and then decreased with increasing elevation. Although the height and coverage of weed families in the natural and restoration plant community first increased and then decreased with the increase of elevation, their aboveground biomass gradually decreased with increasing elevation. The coverage and aboveground biomass of Gramineae in the natural and restoration communities and the height of Gramineae in the natural undegraded grassland plant communities decreased with increasing elevation gradient; however, the height of Gramineae in the restoration of regional plant communities first increased and then decreased with increasing elevation gradient. The diversity index in both natural and restoration plant communities was first increased and then decreased with the elevation gradient, whereas the richness index and evenness index did not differ significantly with the elevation gradient. This indicates that the changes in height, coverage, biomass, and diversity index in the total communities were consistent with the increase in elevation of the restoration of regional plant communities and natural undegraded grassland plant communities. However, the height, coverage, and biomass values of each economic group were inconsistent.
Restoration of vegetation in a linear project is an important component of grassland ecosystem restoration in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In this study, variation of the plant community along the elevation gradient on the land used for engineering construction(approximately 30 cm deep) was analyzed from two levels of total plant population indicators and the economic value of plants indicators, which were based on the natural undegraded grassland plant community. The results showed that the aboveground biomass, height, and coverage of the natural undegraded grassland plant community decreased with the increase in elevation, whereas the aboveground biomass, height, and coverage in the restoration of regional plant communities first increased and then decreased with elevation. The height, coverage, and aboveground biomass of Leguminosae and Cyperaceae in the natural and restoration plant communities first increased and then decreased with increasing elevation. Although the height and coverage of weed families in the natural and restoration plant community first increased and then decreased with the increase of elevation, their aboveground biomass gradually decreased with increasing elevation. The coverage and aboveground biomass of Gramineae in the natural and restoration communities and the height of Gramineae in the natural undegraded grassland plant communities decreased with increasing elevation gradient; however, the height of Gramineae in the restoration of regional plant communities first increased and then decreased with increasing elevation gradient. The diversity index in both natural and restoration plant communities was first increased and then decreased with the elevation gradient, whereas the richness index and evenness index did not differ significantly with the elevation gradient. This indicates that the changes in height, coverage, biomass, and diversity index in the total communities were consistent with the increase in elevation of the restoration of regional plant communities and natural undegraded grassland plant communities. However, the height, coverage, and biomass values of each economic group were inconsistent.
引文
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