浙江近海海域浮游病毒和异养细菌的时空分布
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摘要
为了解浙江近海海域浮游病毒和异养细菌的时空生态分布,于2014年11月(秋)、2015年1月(冬)、2015年5月(春)和2015年7月(夏)连续4个季节采集了浙江近海海域表层海水样品,采用流式细胞仪技术对样品浮游病毒和异养细菌丰度进行了检测,对其时空分布特征及与环境因子的相关性做了分析。从水平分布来看,在4个季节中浮游病毒、异养细菌丰度均为宁波、沈家门、岱山等沿岸海域站位的丰度低,远陆海域东极和枸杞站位的丰度高。从季节变化来看,浮游病毒、异养细菌丰度的季节分布特征同为夏>春>秋>冬,相关性分析结果表明,春、夏、秋、冬4个季节,浮游病毒丰度与异养细菌丰度均为显著正相关。浮游病毒丰度在春、秋、冬季节均与病毒/细菌比值(VBR)显著正相关;夏、秋季节均与盐度显著正相关;春、夏季节均与总磷显著负相关;春季分别于与溶解氧、pH、化学耗氧量(COD)显著正相关。异养细菌在春、秋、冬季节均与VBR显著正相关;春、夏季节与溶解氧显著正相关,冬季与溶解氧显著负相关;春、夏季节与总磷显著负相关;秋、冬季节均与温度、盐度显著正相关;春、冬季节均与COD显著正相关。
In order to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of virioplankton and heterotrophic bacteria in the coastal waters of Zhejiang, the representative samples of sea water were collected in the coastal waters of Zhejiang for 4 consecutive seasons in November 2014(Autumn), January 2015(winter), May 2015(spring) and July 2015(summer). The distribution of virioplankton and heterotrophic bacteria was studied by flow cytometry, and the correlations between the abundances of virioplankton, heterotrophic bacteria and environmental factors were also analyzed. From the horizontal distribution, in the four seasons low abundance of virioplankton and heterotrophic bacteria was in the stations of Ningbo, Shenjiamen, Daishan immediate offshore area; high-abundance was in the stations of Dongji and Gouqi offshore area. From the seasonal distribution, the abundance of the virioplankton and heterotrophic bacteria was the same as that of summer>spring>autumn>winter. The abundance of virioplankton and heterotrophic bacteria was significantly and positively correlated in the 4 seasons. The abundance of virioplankton was significantly and positively correlated with VBR in spring, autumn and winter. The abundance of virioplankton was significantly and positively correlated with salinity in summer and autumn. The abundance of virioplankton was significantly and negatively correlated with TP in spring and summer. The abundance of virioplankton was significantly and positively correlated with dissolved oxygen, pH, COD in spring. The heterotrophic bacteria were significantly and positively correlated with VBR in spring, autumn and winter. The heterotrophic bacteria were significantly and positively correlated with dissolved oxygen in spring and summer but were significantly and negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen in winter. The heterotrophic bacteria were significantly and negatively correlated with TP in spring and summer. The heterotrophic bacteria were significantly and positively correlated with temperature and salinity in autumn and winter. The heterotrophic bacteria were significantly and positively correlated with COD in spring and winter.
In order to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of virioplankton and heterotrophic bacteria in the coastal waters of Zhejiang, the representative samples of sea water were collected in the coastal waters of Zhejiang for 4 consecutive seasons in November 2014(Autumn), January 2015(winter), May 2015(spring) and July 2015(summer). The distribution of virioplankton and heterotrophic bacteria was studied by flow cytometry, and the correlations between the abundances of virioplankton, heterotrophic bacteria and environmental factors were also analyzed. From the horizontal distribution, in the four seasons low abundance of virioplankton and heterotrophic bacteria was in the stations of Ningbo, Shenjiamen, Daishan immediate offshore area; high-abundance was in the stations of Dongji and Gouqi offshore area. From the seasonal distribution, the abundance of the virioplankton and heterotrophic bacteria was the same as that of summer>spring>autumn>winter. The abundance of virioplankton and heterotrophic bacteria was significantly and positively correlated in the 4 seasons. The abundance of virioplankton was significantly and positively correlated with VBR in spring, autumn and winter. The abundance of virioplankton was significantly and positively correlated with salinity in summer and autumn. The abundance of virioplankton was significantly and negatively correlated with TP in spring and summer. The abundance of virioplankton was significantly and positively correlated with dissolved oxygen, pH, COD in spring. The heterotrophic bacteria were significantly and positively correlated with VBR in spring, autumn and winter. The heterotrophic bacteria were significantly and positively correlated with dissolved oxygen in spring and summer but were significantly and negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen in winter. The heterotrophic bacteria were significantly and negatively correlated with TP in spring and summer. The heterotrophic bacteria were significantly and positively correlated with temperature and salinity in autumn and winter. The heterotrophic bacteria were significantly and positively correlated with COD in spring and winter.
引文
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[20]王健,汪岷,刘哲,等.渤海浮游病毒的时空分布[J].海洋与湖沼,2013,44(6):1597–1603.
[21]李家彪.东海区域地质[M].北京:海洋出版社,2008.
[22]陈中原,周长振,杨文达,等.长江口外现代水下地貌与沉积[J].海洋学研究,1986,4(2):28–37.
[23]SUGAI Y,TSUCHIYA K,KUWAHARA V S,et al.Bacterial growth rate and the relative abundance of bacteria to heterotrophic nanoflagellates in the euphotic and disphotic layers in temperate coastal waters of Sagami Bay[J].Japan Journal of Oceanography,2016,72(4):577–587.
[24]TSAI A Y,GONG G C,SANDERS R W,et al.Heterotrophic bacterial and Synechococcus spp.growth and mortality along the inshore-offshore in the East China Sea in summer[J].Journal of Oceanography,2012,68(1):151–162.
[25]WOMMACK K E,COLWELL R R.Virioplankton:viruses in aquatic ecosystems[J].Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews,2000,64(1):69–114.
[26]TSAI A Y,GONG G C,HUNG J.Seasonal variations of virus-and nanoflagellate-mediated mortality of heterotrophic bacteria in the coastal ecosystem of subtropical western Pacific[J].Biogeosciences,2013,10(5):3055–3065.
[27]ALONGI D M,PATTEN N L,MCKINNON D,et al.Phytoplankton,bacterioplankton and virioplankton structure and function across the southern Great Barrier Reef shelf[J].Journal of Marine Systems,2015,142(142):25–39.
[28]JIAO Nianzhi,ZHAO Yulin,LUO Tingwei,et al.Natural and anthropogenic forcing on the dynamics of virloplankton in the Yangtze river estuary[J].Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom,2006,86(3):543–550.
[29]FRADA M J,SCHATZ D,FARSTEY V,et al.Zooplankton may serve as transmission vectors for viruses infecting algal blooms in the ocean[J].Current Biology,2014,24(21):2592–2597.
[30]张喆.山东近岸海域浮游细菌、病毒生态学调查及沉积物细菌多样性研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2008,84–85.
[31]李升康,李传标.海洋病毒在海洋微生物群落及生物地球化学循环中的作用研究进展[J].海洋科学,2013,37(3):117–121.
[32]王小平,贾晓平,林钦,等.红海湾水域溶解氧、p H值、盐度和营养盐分布特征及相互关系研究[J].海洋通报,1999,18(5):35–40.
[33]石晓勇,王修林,陆茸,等.东海赤潮高发区春季溶解氧和p H分布特征及影响因素探讨[J].海洋与湖沼,2005,36(5):404–412.
[34]刘卫云,章守宇,王凯,等.枸杞岛海域春季异养浮游细菌和生态环境因子关系初步研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2011,20(3):437–444.
[35]黄德坤.基于核素示踪的长江口、东海和海南东部近海泥沙的沉降过程[D].上海:华东师范大学,2012,52–53.
[36]姜学霞,焦念志.海洋异养细菌硝酸盐同化研究进展[J].中国科学:地球科学,2016,2(46):199–206.
[37]PARVATHI A,JASNA V,JINA S,et al.Effects of hydrography on the distribution of bacteria and virus in Cochin estuary,India[J].Ecological Research,2015,30(1):85–92.
[38]TSIOLA A,PITTA P,FODELIANAKIS S,et al.Nutrient limitation in surface waters of the oligotrophic eastern Mediterranean sea:an enrichment microcosm experiment[J].Microbial Ecology,2016,71(3):575–588.
[2]FUHRMAN J A.Marine viruses and their biogeochemical and ecological effects[J].Nature,1999,399(6736):541–548.
[3]MILLER R V.Environmental bacteriophage-host interactions:factors contributing to natural transduction[J].Antonie Leeuwenhoek,2001,79(2):141–147.
[4]BENCH S R,HANSON T E,WILLIAMSON K E.Metagenomic characterization of Chesapeake Bay virioplankton[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2007,73(23):7629–7641.
[5]ZUBKOV M V,QUARTLY G D.Ultraplankton distribution in surface waters of the Mozambique Channel-flow cytometry and satellite imagery[J].Aquatic Microbial Ecology,2003,33(2):155–161.
[6]LABONTE J M,SWAN B K,POULOS B,et al.Single-cell genomics-based analysis of virus-host interactions in marine surface bacterioplankton[J].International Society for Microbial Ecology,2015,9(11):2386–2399.
[7]俞存根.舟山渔场渔业生态学[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.
[8]俞存根,陈全震,陈小庆,等.舟山渔场及邻近海域鱼类种类组成和数量分布[J].海洋与湖沼,2010,41(3):410–417.
[9]ZHAO Shujiang,LV Baoqiang,Li Ruwei,et al.A preliminary analysis of fishery resource exhaustion in the context of biodiversity decline[J].Science China Earth Sciences,2016,59(2):223–235.
[10]白晓歌,汪岷,马晶晶,等.冬季和春季长江口及其近海水域浮游病毒丰度的分析[J].海洋与湖沼,2007,38(4):367–372.
[11]李洪波,崔向阳,林凤翱,等.河北近岸海域浮游细菌与病毒的关系[J].海洋环境科学,2010,29(2):187–190.
[12]王艳,汪岷,杨琳,等.南黄海秋季浮游病毒丰度分布及其与宿主和环境因子的相关性研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2013,44(1):198–204.
[13]蔡兰兰,殷思博,杨芸兰,等.厦门海域春季浮游病毒的丰度及形态多样性分析[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2015,54(6):829–836.
[14]TSAI A Y,GONG G C,HUNG J.Seasonal variations of virus-and nanoflagellate-mediated mortality of heterotrophic bacteria in the coastal ecosystem of subtropical western Pacific[J].Biogeosciences,2013,10(5):3055–3065.
[15]宁修仁,库蒂C.长江口及冲淡水区叶绿素a、细菌、ATP、POC及微生物呼吸作用速率之间的关系[J].海洋学报,1991,13(6):831–837.
[16]姜发军,胡章立,胡超群.大鹏湾浮游细菌时空分布与环境因子的关系[J].热带海洋学报,2011,3(1):96–100.
[17]卢龙飞,汪岷,梁彦韬,等.东海、黄海浮游病毒及异养细菌的分布研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2013,44(5):1339–1346.
[18]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB17378.3-2007海洋监测规范.第3部分:样品采集、贮存与运输[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[19]刘红,何青,GERT J W,等.长江入海泥沙的交换和输移过程——兼论泥质区的“泥库”效应[J].地理学报,2011,66(3):291–304.
[20]王健,汪岷,刘哲,等.渤海浮游病毒的时空分布[J].海洋与湖沼,2013,44(6):1597–1603.
[21]李家彪.东海区域地质[M].北京:海洋出版社,2008.
[22]陈中原,周长振,杨文达,等.长江口外现代水下地貌与沉积[J].海洋学研究,1986,4(2):28–37.
[23]SUGAI Y,TSUCHIYA K,KUWAHARA V S,et al.Bacterial growth rate and the relative abundance of bacteria to heterotrophic nanoflagellates in the euphotic and disphotic layers in temperate coastal waters of Sagami Bay[J].Japan Journal of Oceanography,2016,72(4):577–587.
[24]TSAI A Y,GONG G C,SANDERS R W,et al.Heterotrophic bacterial and Synechococcus spp.growth and mortality along the inshore-offshore in the East China Sea in summer[J].Journal of Oceanography,2012,68(1):151–162.
[25]WOMMACK K E,COLWELL R R.Virioplankton:viruses in aquatic ecosystems[J].Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews,2000,64(1):69–114.
[26]TSAI A Y,GONG G C,HUNG J.Seasonal variations of virus-and nanoflagellate-mediated mortality of heterotrophic bacteria in the coastal ecosystem of subtropical western Pacific[J].Biogeosciences,2013,10(5):3055–3065.
[27]ALONGI D M,PATTEN N L,MCKINNON D,et al.Phytoplankton,bacterioplankton and virioplankton structure and function across the southern Great Barrier Reef shelf[J].Journal of Marine Systems,2015,142(142):25–39.
[28]JIAO Nianzhi,ZHAO Yulin,LUO Tingwei,et al.Natural and anthropogenic forcing on the dynamics of virloplankton in the Yangtze river estuary[J].Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom,2006,86(3):543–550.
[29]FRADA M J,SCHATZ D,FARSTEY V,et al.Zooplankton may serve as transmission vectors for viruses infecting algal blooms in the ocean[J].Current Biology,2014,24(21):2592–2597.
[30]张喆.山东近岸海域浮游细菌、病毒生态学调查及沉积物细菌多样性研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2008,84–85.
[31]李升康,李传标.海洋病毒在海洋微生物群落及生物地球化学循环中的作用研究进展[J].海洋科学,2013,37(3):117–121.
[32]王小平,贾晓平,林钦,等.红海湾水域溶解氧、p H值、盐度和营养盐分布特征及相互关系研究[J].海洋通报,1999,18(5):35–40.
[33]石晓勇,王修林,陆茸,等.东海赤潮高发区春季溶解氧和p H分布特征及影响因素探讨[J].海洋与湖沼,2005,36(5):404–412.
[34]刘卫云,章守宇,王凯,等.枸杞岛海域春季异养浮游细菌和生态环境因子关系初步研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2011,20(3):437–444.
[35]黄德坤.基于核素示踪的长江口、东海和海南东部近海泥沙的沉降过程[D].上海:华东师范大学,2012,52–53.
[36]姜学霞,焦念志.海洋异养细菌硝酸盐同化研究进展[J].中国科学:地球科学,2016,2(46):199–206.
[37]PARVATHI A,JASNA V,JINA S,et al.Effects of hydrography on the distribution of bacteria and virus in Cochin estuary,India[J].Ecological Research,2015,30(1):85–92.
[38]TSIOLA A,PITTA P,FODELIANAKIS S,et al.Nutrient limitation in surface waters of the oligotrophic eastern Mediterranean sea:an enrichment microcosm experiment[J].Microbial Ecology,2016,71(3):575–588.