沙尘沉降对黄海海域异养细菌丰度和活性的影响
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摘要
亚洲沙尘是全球沙尘的重要组成部分,黄海是受亚洲沙尘影响较大的海域。沙尘沉降是海洋营养元素的重要来源之一,对海洋异养细菌的生长有重要影响。为研究亚洲沙尘沉降对黄海海域异养细菌丰度和活性的影响,于2014年11月在北黄海S1站位和南黄海S2站位分别进行了船基围隔培养实验,通过添加不同浓度的沙尘和无机磷研究沙尘沉降对海洋异养细菌的作用过程。结果显示,沙尘的添加在南、北黄海海域均显著提高了异养细菌丰度和高核酸菌比例(HNA%),高浓度沙尘对异养细菌丰度和活性的促进作用最显著,培养结束后使北黄海和南黄海异养细菌丰度分别增加了62%和45%;磷的添加在北黄海海域显著提高了异养细菌丰度和高核酸菌比例(HNA%),高浓度磷对异养细菌丰度和活性的促进作用最显著,培养结束后使异养细菌丰度增加了50%。研究表明,沙尘能够缓解北黄海磷对异养细菌生长的限制,促进异养细菌的生长,增强异养细菌的活性,提高异养细菌在海洋生态系统中的生态功能。南黄海海域,沙尘在短期内对异养细菌的生长表现为抑制作用,降低了异养细菌的活性;沙尘在长期内对异养细菌的生长表现为促进作用,增强了异养细菌活性。等量沙尘的沉降方式不同,对生态系统的影响结果存在较大差异。
Asian dust,an important part of global dust,has a significant impact on marine heterotrophic bacteria in The Yellow Sea.In order to study the mechanism of dust on the abundance and activity of heterotrophic bacteria,different concentrations of dust and inorganic phosphorus were added to surface seawater collected in two zones of the Yellow Sea for incubation experiments in Nov.2014.The results showed that dust increased the abundance of heterotrophic bacteria and the proportion of high nucleic acid bacteria in the Yellow Sea,while phosphorus increased the abundance of heterotrophic bacteria and the proportion of high nucleic acid bacteria only in the North Yellow Sea.High concentration of dust increased the abundance of heterotrophic bacteria by 62% in the North Yellow Sea and 45% in the South Yellow Sea.High concentration of phosphorus increased the abundance of heterotrophic bacteria by 50% in the North Yellow Sea.In conclusion,dust could promote the growth of heterotrophic bacteria in the North Yellow Sea and improve the ecological function of heterotrophic bacteria in marine ecosystems.In the South Yellow Sea,dust inhibited the growth of heterotrophic bacteria in the short time,while promoted the growth of heterotrophic in the long time.In addition,we found that different deposition ways of dust resulted in different effects on marine ecosystem.
Asian dust,an important part of global dust,has a significant impact on marine heterotrophic bacteria in The Yellow Sea.In order to study the mechanism of dust on the abundance and activity of heterotrophic bacteria,different concentrations of dust and inorganic phosphorus were added to surface seawater collected in two zones of the Yellow Sea for incubation experiments in Nov.2014.The results showed that dust increased the abundance of heterotrophic bacteria and the proportion of high nucleic acid bacteria in the Yellow Sea,while phosphorus increased the abundance of heterotrophic bacteria and the proportion of high nucleic acid bacteria only in the North Yellow Sea.High concentration of dust increased the abundance of heterotrophic bacteria by 62% in the North Yellow Sea and 45% in the South Yellow Sea.High concentration of phosphorus increased the abundance of heterotrophic bacteria by 50% in the North Yellow Sea.In conclusion,dust could promote the growth of heterotrophic bacteria in the North Yellow Sea and improve the ecological function of heterotrophic bacteria in marine ecosystems.In the South Yellow Sea,dust inhibited the growth of heterotrophic bacteria in the short time,while promoted the growth of heterotrophic in the long time.In addition,we found that different deposition ways of dust resulted in different effects on marine ecosystem.
引文
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[2]肖天.海洋浮游细菌的生态学研究[J].地球科学进展,2001,16(1):60-64.XIAO T.The study on marine bacterioplnaktion ecology[J].Advance in Earth Sciences,2001,16(1):60-64.
[3]Marie D,Partensky F,Jacquet S,et al.Enumeration and cell cycle analysis of natural populations of marine picoplankton by flow cytometry using the nucleic acid stain SYBR Green I[J].Applied and Environmol/Lental Microbiology,1997,63(1):186-193.
[4]Troussellier M,Courties C,Lebaron P,et al.Flow cytometric discrimination of bacterial populations in seawater based on SYTO13staining of nucleic acids[J].FEMS Microbiology Ecology,1999,29(4):319-330.
[5]Lebaron P,Servais P,Baudoux A C,et al.Variations of bacterialspecific activity with cell size and nucleic acid content assessed by flow cytometry[J].Aquatic Microbial Ecology,2002,28(2):131-140.
[6]Gasol J M,Comerma M,García J C,et al.A transplant experiment to identify the factors controlling bacterial abundance,activity,production,and community composition in a eutrophic canyonshaped reservoir[J].Limnology&Oceanography,2002,47(1):62-77.
[7]Bonnet S,Guieu C,Chiaverini J,et al.Effect of atmospheric nutrients on the autotrophic communities in a low nutrient,low chlorophyll system[J].Limnology and Oceanography,2005,50(6):1810-1819.
[8]Elvira P,Thibaut W,Cécile G.Bacterial response to dust pulses in the western Mediterranean:Implications for carbon cycling in the oligotrophic ocean[J].Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2008,22(1):293-301.
[9]Herut B,Krom M D,Pan G,et al.Atmospheric input of nitrogen and phosphorus to the Southeast Mediterranean:Sources,fluxes,and possible impact[J].Limnology&Oceanography,1999,44(7):1683-1692.
[10]Griffin D W,Kellogg C A.Dust storms and their impact on ocean and human health:Dust in earth atmosphere[J].Eco Health,2004(1):284-295.
[11]高会旺,祁建华,石金辉,等.亚洲沙尘的远距离输送及对海洋生态系统的影响[J].地球科学进展,2009,24(1):1-10.Gao H W,Qi J H,Shi J H,et al.Lang-range transport of asian dust and its effects on ocean ecosystem[J].Advances in Earth Science,2009,24(1):1-10.
[12]Moore C M,Mills M M,Arrigo K R,et al.Processes and patterns of oceanic nutrient limitation[J].Nature Geoscience,2013,6(9):701-710.
[13]钱正安,宋敏红,李万元.近50年来中国北方沙尘暴的分布及变化趋势分析[J].中国沙漠,2002,22(2):106-111.Qian Z A,Song M H,Li W Y.Analyses on distributive variation and forecast of sand-dust storms in recent 50years in North China[J].Journal of Desert Research,2002,22(2):106-111.
[14]申元村,杨勤业.中国的沙暴,尘暴及其防治[J].干旱区资源与环境,2000,14(3):11-14.Shen Y C,Yang Q Y.Sand-storm and dust-storm in china and prevention and control[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2000,14(3):11-14.
[15]王保栋,王桂云,郑昌洙,等.南黄海营养盐的平面分布及横向输运[J].海洋学报,1999,21(6):124-129.Wang B D,Wang G Y,Zheng C Z,et al.Horizontal distributions and transportation of nutrients in the southern Huanghai Sea[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,1999,21(6):124-129.
[16]Zhang K,Gao H W.The characteristics of Asian-dust storms during 2000-2002:From the source to the sea[J].Atmospheric Environmol/Lent,2007,41(39):9136-9145.
[17]Guieu C,Dulac F,Desboeufs K,et al.Large clean mesocosms and simulated dust deposition:a new methodology to investigate responses of marine oligotrophic ecosystems to atmospheric inputs[J].Biogeosciences,2010,7(9):2765-2784.
[18]贲孝宇,石金辉,仇帅,等.青岛大气气溶胶中铁的溶解度及其影响因素[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(1):65-71.Ben X Y,Shi J H,Qiu S,et al.2015.Solubility of iron in atmospheric aerosols and related influence factors in Qingdao,China[J].Acta Scientia Circumstantiae,2015,35(1):65-71.
[19]Wang L,Qi J H,Shi J H,et al.Source apportionmol/Lent of particulate pollutants in the atmosphere over the Northern Yellow Sea[J].Atmospheric Environmol/Lent,2013,70:425-434.
[20]李佳慧,张潮,刘莹,等.沙尘和灰霾沉降对黄海春季浮游植物生长的影响[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(1):112-120.Li J H,Zhang C,Liu Y,et al.Impacts of dust and haze particles deposition on phytoplankton growth in Yellow Sea during springtime[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2017,37(1):112-120.
[21]Liu Y,Zhang T R,Shi J H,et al.Responses of Chlorophyll A to added nutrients,Asian dust,and rainwater in an oligotrophic zone of the Yellow Sea:Implications for promotion and inhibition effects in an incubation experiment[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Biogeosciences,2013,118(4):1763-1772.
[22]Knap A,Michaels A,Close A,et al.Protocols for the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study(JGOFS)Core Measurement.Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research Manual and Guides[S].Paris:UNESCO,1994,29:10-243.
[23]Pulido-Villena E,Wagener T,Guieu C.Bacterial response to dust pulses in the western Mediterranean:Implications for carbon cycling in the oligotrophic ocean[J].Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2008,22(1):293-301.
[24]Pulido-Villena E,Baudoux A C,Obernosterer I,et al.Microbial food web dynamics in response to a Saharan dust event:results from a mesocosm study in the oligotrophic Mediterranean Sea[J].Biogeosciences,2014,11:5607-5619.
[25]Guo C,Jing H,Kong L,et al.Effect of East Asian aerosol enrichment on microbial community composition in the South China Sea[J].Journal of Plankton Research,2013,35(3):485-503.