香溪河库湾水体异养细菌及无机磷细菌分布特征
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摘要
2003年三峡水库蓄水后,香溪河入库区段形成典型的水库型库湾,磷污染严重,导致水华频发。异养细菌是水体物质循环的重要参与者,其中无机磷细菌释放结合态磷加重了水体富营养化。为了研究异养细菌和无机磷细菌对水体富营养化的影响,在库湾设置7个采样点,2015年4月、6月、9月和12月分别采集水样,测定样品总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、磷酸盐(PO_4-P)及表层(水面下方0.5 m)水体叶绿素a(Chl.a)浓度,实验室培养异养细菌及无机磷细菌。利用SPSS 17.0对水体可培养异养细菌和无机磷细菌的时空变化进行单因素方差分析,并用SPSS软件分析细菌含量与总氮浓度、总磷浓度、磷酸盐浓度和叶绿素a浓度的相关性。结果显示:异养细菌和无机磷细菌含量与叶绿素a浓度无显著相关性;无机磷细菌与氮磷相关性均高于异养细菌,说明香溪河库湾无机磷细菌与水体氮磷关联性大于异养细菌。
Xiangxi Bay has become the most severely eutrophic area in China after the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir since 2003,and the harmful algal blooms in this area were mainly caused by phosphorus enrichment.It is generally believed that heterotrophic bacteria play an important role in the nutrient cycling in water system and influence the water quality and eutrophic trends.Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria,a special kind of heterotrophic bacteria,are perhaps more effective on water eutrophication,because they can directly release soluble phosphorus into water body to increase phosphorus load.In order to study the effects of heterotrophic bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria on eutrophication in Xiangxi Bay,water samples from 7 locations were collected in the months of April,June,September and December in2015 for determining the contents of total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP),PO_4-P and Chl.a(0.5 m below water surface).Heterotrophic bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria were cultured under laboratory conditions.SPSS software(Version 17.0)was used to analyze the temporal and spatial variation of heterotrophic bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria(one-way ANOVA),and the relation between the contents of TN,TP,PO_4-P and Chl.a and bacteria.The results showed that there was no correlation between the contents of Chl.a and heterotrophic bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing bateria;phosphate solubilizing bacteria exhibited more significant positive correlation than general heterotrophic bacteria with nitrogen and phosphorus,which implied that phosphate solubilizing bacteria had more important effect on nitrogen and phosphorus cycles than general heterotrophic bacteria in Xiangxi Bay.
Xiangxi Bay has become the most severely eutrophic area in China after the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir since 2003,and the harmful algal blooms in this area were mainly caused by phosphorus enrichment.It is generally believed that heterotrophic bacteria play an important role in the nutrient cycling in water system and influence the water quality and eutrophic trends.Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria,a special kind of heterotrophic bacteria,are perhaps more effective on water eutrophication,because they can directly release soluble phosphorus into water body to increase phosphorus load.In order to study the effects of heterotrophic bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria on eutrophication in Xiangxi Bay,water samples from 7 locations were collected in the months of April,June,September and December in2015 for determining the contents of total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP),PO_4-P and Chl.a(0.5 m below water surface).Heterotrophic bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria were cultured under laboratory conditions.SPSS software(Version 17.0)was used to analyze the temporal and spatial variation of heterotrophic bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria(one-way ANOVA),and the relation between the contents of TN,TP,PO_4-P and Chl.a and bacteria.The results showed that there was no correlation between the contents of Chl.a and heterotrophic bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing bateria;phosphate solubilizing bacteria exhibited more significant positive correlation than general heterotrophic bacteria with nitrogen and phosphorus,which implied that phosphate solubilizing bacteria had more important effect on nitrogen and phosphorus cycles than general heterotrophic bacteria in Xiangxi Bay.
引文
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[28]张宇,刘德富,纪道斌,等.干流倒灌异重流对香溪河库湾营养盐的补给作用[J].环境科学,2012,33(8):2621–2627
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[32]郑金秀,胡菊香,池仕运,等.大宁河与香溪河细菌群落分布[J].环境科学与技术,2016,39(8):171–177
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[35]MESSYASZ B,GABKA M,BARYLSKI J,et al.Phytoplankton,culturable bacteria and their relationships along environmental gradients in a stratified eutrophic lake[J].Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences,2015,10(1):41–52
[36]SONG Hao,XU Jiahui,LAVOIE M,et al.Biological and chemical factors driving the temporal distribution of cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria in a eutrophic lake(West lake,China)[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2017,101(4):1685–1696
[37]MCMAHON K D,READ E K.Microbial contributions to phosphorus cycling in eutrophic lakes and wastewater[J].Annual Review of Microbiology,2013,67:199–219
[2]HUANG Y L,HUANG G H,Liu D F,et al.Simulation-based inexact chance-constrained nonlinear programming for eutrophication management in the Xiangxi Bay of Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2012,108(16):54–65
[3]许涛,王雨春,刘德富,等.三峡水库香溪河库湾夏季水华调查[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(3):646–652
[4]HEALEY M J,MOLL R A,DIALLO C O.Abundance and distribution of bacterioplankton in the Gambia River,West Africa[J].Microbial Ecology,1988,16(3):291–310
[5]BASU B K,PICK F R.Factors related to heterotrophic bacterial and flagellate abundance in temperate rivers[J].Aquatic Microbial Ecology,1997,12(2):123–129
[6]GONZALEZ AM,PARANHOS R,LUTTERBACH MS.Heterotrophic bacteria abundances in Rodriga de Freitas Lagoon(Rio de Janeiro,Brazil)[J].Brazilian Journal of Microbiology,2006,37(4):428–433
[7]张进兴,李瑞香,孙修勤,等.海洋围隔中异养细菌与环境中氮、磷关系的研究[J].海洋科学进展,2007,25(1):95–100
[8]张霞,黄小平,施震,等.珠江口异养细菌丰度与环境因子的耦合关系.海洋学报,2012,34(6):228–237
[9]卢龙飞,汪岷,梁彦韬,等.东海、黄海浮游病毒及异养细菌的分布研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2013,44(5):1339–1346
[10]DIVYA K S,CHAUHAN J B.Study of bacterial diversity in Coorg and Wynad Districts,Western Ghats[J].Journal of Chemical,Biological and Physical Sciences,2016,6(2):173–179
[11]冯胜,高光,秦伯强,等.太湖北部湖区水体中浮游细菌的动态变化[J].湖泊科学,2006,18(6):636–642
[12]BELL C R,HOLDER-FRANKLIN M A,FRANKLIN M.Correlations between predominant heterotrophic bacteria and physicochemical water quality parameters in two Canadian rivers[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1982,43(2):269–283
[13]BERG K A,LYRA C,SIVONEN K,et al.High diversity of cultivable heterotrophic bacteria in association with cyanobacterial water blooms[J].The ISME Journal,2009,3(3):314–325
[14]项平.湖库水体富营养化及磷模型[J].环境导报,1994,5:17–19
[15]蔡龙炎,李颖,郑子航.我国湖泊系统氮磷时空变化及对富营养化影响研究[J].地球与环境,2010,38(2):235–241
[16]张洁,杨娟.三峡库区汛期浮游藻类与水质特征研究[J].生态科学,2017,36(1):55–63
[17]GODWIN C M,COTNER J B.Aquatic heterotrophic bacteria have highly flexible phosphorus content and biomass stoichiometry[J].The ISME Journal,2015,9(10):2324–2327
[18]WANG Hongyuan,SHEN Zhenyao,NIU Junfeng,et al.Functional bacteria as potential indicators of water quality in Three Gorges Reservoir,China[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2010,163(1-4):607–617
[19]WU Genfu,ZHOU Xueping.Characterization of phosphorus-releasing bacteria in a small eutrophic shallow lake,Eastern China.Water Research,2005,39(19):4623–4632
[20]MAITRA N,MANNA S K,SAMANTA S,et al.Ecological significance and phosphorus release potential of phosphate solubilizing bacteria in freshwater ecosystems[J].Hydrobiologia,2015,745(1):69–83
[21]方涛,付长营,敖鸿毅,等.三峡水库蓄水前后香溪河氮磷污染状况研究[J].水生生物学报,2006,30(1):26–30
[22]李凤清,叶麟,刘瑞秋,等.三峡水库香溪河库湾主要营养盐的入库动态[J].生态学报,2008,28(5):2073–2079
[23]潘婷婷,赵雪,袁轶君,等.三峡水库沉积物不同赋存形态磷的时空分布[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(8):2968–2973
[24]YAN Qingyun,BI Yonghong,DENG Ye,et al.Impacts of the Three Gorges Dam on microbial structure and potential function[J].Scientific Reports,2015,5:8605
[25]NAUTIYAL C S.An efficient microbiological growth medium for screening phosphate solubilizing microorganisms[J].FEMS Microbiology Letters,1999,170(1):265–270
[26]BROWN C D,CANFIED D E,BACHNANN R W,et al.Seasonal patterns of chlorophyll,nutrient concentrations and Secchi disk transparency in Florida Lakes[J].Lake&Reservoir Management,1998,14(1):60–76
[27]陈玲,刘德富,宋林旭,等.不同雨强下黄棕壤坡耕地径流养分输出机制研究[J].环境科学,2013,34(6):2151–2158
[28]张宇,刘德富,纪道斌,等.干流倒灌异重流对香溪河库湾营养盐的补给作用[J].环境科学,2012,33(8):2621–2627
[29]张梦舟,徐曾和,梁冰.三峡库区香溪河流域磷矿废石磷素释放特性研究[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(3):840–848
[30]许秋瑾,郑丙辉,朱延忠,等.三峡水库支流营养状态评价方法[J].中国环境科学,2010,30(4):453–457
[31]陈秀秀,宋林旭,纪道斌,等.春季敏感时期三峡库区典型支流富营养化评价[J].中国农村水利水电,2016,11:48–51
[32]郑金秀,胡菊香,池仕运,等.大宁河与香溪河细菌群落分布[J].环境科学与技术,2016,39(8):171–177
[33]TAMAKI H,SEKIGUCHI Y,HANADA S,et al.Comparative analysis of bacterial diversity in freshwater sediment of a shallow eutrophic lake by molecular and improved cultivation-based techniques[J].Applied&Environmental Microbiology,2005,71(4):2162–2169
[34]EDWARDS M L,LILLEY A K,TIMMS-WILSON T H,et al.Characterisation of the culturable heterotrophic bacterial community in a small eutrophic lake(Priest Pot)[J].FEMS Microbiology Ecology,2001,35(3):295–304
[35]MESSYASZ B,GABKA M,BARYLSKI J,et al.Phytoplankton,culturable bacteria and their relationships along environmental gradients in a stratified eutrophic lake[J].Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences,2015,10(1):41–52
[36]SONG Hao,XU Jiahui,LAVOIE M,et al.Biological and chemical factors driving the temporal distribution of cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria in a eutrophic lake(West lake,China)[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2017,101(4):1685–1696
[37]MCMAHON K D,READ E K.Microbial contributions to phosphorus cycling in eutrophic lakes and wastewater[J].Annual Review of Microbiology,2013,67:199–219