异养细菌硫代谢及其在海洋硫循环中的作用
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摘要
自然界中的硫循环与碳循环、氮循环紧密相关,它们通过各种生物地球化学过程耦合链接.海洋微生物由于其丰度高分布广、代谢途径多样、适应性强,因此在硫循环和碳、氮循环的耦合及相关生物地球化学循环中发挥至关重要的作用.当前,许多沿海地区饱受低氧/缺氧等生态灾害的困扰,其特征之一是有毒硫化氢的产生和积累.近年来,一系列研究表明:异养细菌的异化型硫氧化作用,对保护海洋生态系统免受硫化氢的毒害具有积极作用.硫氧化细菌在长期的进化过程中,形成了极其多样的系统发育和代谢特征,在不同海洋生境中承担了重要的生态功能.文章在总结硫氧化微生物类群和代谢多样性研究的基础上,阐述了硫元素和碳元素通过微生物代谢相互关联,并影响海洋生态系统的过程和机制.硫氧化细菌代谢途径的研究,可洞悉微生物的硫代谢过程,亦有助于解析环境条件变化对海洋硫循环的影响,为研究海洋硫循环和碳循环的耦合关系提供理论支撑.
引文
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