O_2/CO_2气调对贮藏期间姜蛆生理代谢及死亡率的影响
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摘要
生姜贮藏期间,异形眼蕈蚊(姜蛆)危害严重,对生姜贮藏造成极大的经济损失。研究O_2/CO_2气调对姜蛆生理代谢、生长发育的影响,并探讨O_2/CO_2气调对姜蛆的致死效应。实验设置了气体体积分数分别为100%O_2、95%O_2+5%CO_2、90%O_2+10%CO_2、85%O_2+15%CO_2和自然大气(CK)5个处理,对20℃、相对湿度85%~95%条件下姜蛆生理活性指标进行定期测定。结果表明,O_2/CO_2气调,特别是95%O_2+5%CO_2处理,能够显著抑制姜蛆生物酶活性,在处理60 h时,姜蛆的蛋白酶、多酚氧化酶、乙酰胆碱酯酶、羧酸酯酶、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶活性分别降低了14.7%、53.59%、72.52%、80.3%、61.63%,死亡率比初始高出96.22%,达到97.83%。90%O_2+10%CO_2处理对姜蛆控制效果稍差,但与95%O_2+5%CO_2处理之间不存在显著差异。研究结果显示,O_2/CO_2气调可作为生姜贮藏保鲜过程中控制姜蛆危害的潜在措施。
During storage of ginger,the occurrence of Pnyxia scabiei Hopkins can cause serious damage,leading to huge economic losses.In this study,we examined the effect of controlled atmospheres with varying O_2/CO_2 levels(100% O_2,95% O_2 + 5% CO_2,90% O_2 + 10% CO_2,and 85% O_2 + 15% CO_2)on the physiological metabolism,growth and development,and mortality rate of P.scabiei Hopkins.The natural atmosphere was used as control.Physiological indexes of P.scabieiHopkins were measured at regular intervals at 20 ℃ and 85%–95% humidity.The results showed that the controlled atmospheres,especially 95% O_2 + 5% CO_2,significantly reduced enzyme activities in P.scabiei Hopkins.After 60 h,compared to the control group,the activities of protease,polyphenol oxidase(PPO),acetylcholinesterase(ACh E),carboxylesterase(Car E)and glutathione-S-transferase(GSTS)were reduced by 14.7%,53.59%,72.52%,80.3% and 61.63%,respectively,and the mortality rate(97.83%)was increased by 96.22%.The effect of 90% O_2 + 10% CO_2 was slightly weaker,but showing no significant difference from the 95% O_2 + 5% CO_2 treatment.This study demonstrates that the O_2/CO_2controlled atmospheres can be a potential control measure for P.scabiei Hopkins during ginger storage.
During storage of ginger,the occurrence of Pnyxia scabiei Hopkins can cause serious damage,leading to huge economic losses.In this study,we examined the effect of controlled atmospheres with varying O_2/CO_2 levels(100% O_2,95% O_2 + 5% CO_2,90% O_2 + 10% CO_2,and 85% O_2 + 15% CO_2)on the physiological metabolism,growth and development,and mortality rate of P.scabiei Hopkins.The natural atmosphere was used as control.Physiological indexes of P.scabieiHopkins were measured at regular intervals at 20 ℃ and 85%–95% humidity.The results showed that the controlled atmospheres,especially 95% O_2 + 5% CO_2,significantly reduced enzyme activities in P.scabiei Hopkins.After 60 h,compared to the control group,the activities of protease,polyphenol oxidase(PPO),acetylcholinesterase(ACh E),carboxylesterase(Car E)and glutathione-S-transferase(GSTS)were reduced by 14.7%,53.59%,72.52%,80.3% and 61.63%,respectively,and the mortality rate(97.83%)was increased by 96.22%.The effect of 90% O_2 + 10% CO_2 was slightly weaker,but showing no significant difference from the 95% O_2 + 5% CO_2 treatment.This study demonstrates that the O_2/CO_2controlled atmospheres can be a potential control measure for P.scabiei Hopkins during ginger storage.
引文
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[15]郑永华.高氧处理对蓝莓和草莓果实采后呼吸速率和乙烯释放速率的影响[J].园艺学报,2005,32(5):866-868.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0513-353X.2005.05.020.
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[20]雷章,卢宏达,卢驰,等.还原型谷胱甘肽对大鼠急性放射性肺损伤炎症的影响[J].中国医院药学杂志,2014(17):1449-1453.DOI:10.13286/j.cnki.chinhosppharmacyj.2014.17.06.
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[22]MAXIE E C,ROBISON B J,CATLIN P B.Effect of various oxygen concentrations on the respiration of wickson plum fruit and fruit issues[J].Journal of Economic Entomology,2003,71:145-156.
[23]郑永华,苏新国,李欠盛,等.高氧对枇杷果实贮藏期间呼吸速率和多酚氧化酶活性及品质的影响[J].植物生理学通讯,2000,36(4):318-320.
[24]蒋德云,李宝筏,孔晓玲,等.CO2气调防治储粮害虫试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(3):166-169.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1002-6819.2006.03.036.
[25]HAUGASSD N.Cellular metabolism of oxygen toxicity[J].Journal Agricultural and Food Chemistry,1968,48:3l1-373.
[26]程伟霞,丁伟,赵志模.气调(CA)对储藏物害虫的作用机制[J].昆虫知识,2001,38(5):330-333.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.0452-8255.2001.05.003.
[2]石绪根,史晓彬,乔康,等.异型眼蕈蚊的生物学特性、发生及防治[J].中国蔬菜,2010(17):23-25.
[3]MITCHAM E J.Controlled atmosphere for insect and mite control in perishable commodities[C]//ISHS Acta Horticulturae 600:ⅧInternational Controlled Atmosphere Research Conference,2001.
[4]FRIEDLANDER A.Proc.3rd Int.Working conf.stored product entomol[C]//Kansas USA,1984:175-233.
[5]TIAN S P,JIANG A L,XU Y,et al.Responses of physiology and quality of sweet cherry fruit to different atmospheres in storage[J].Food Chemistry,2004,87(1):43-49.DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.10.014.
[6]郭衍银,李玲,陈东,等.O2联合CO2气调对西兰花活性氧代谢及保鲜效果的影响[J].食品科学,2013,34(24):304-309.DOI:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-201324063.
[7]王生有,陈玉陇,徐玉娟,等.高O2与高CO2气调包装对鲜切火龙果品质的影响[J].热带作物学报,2014,35(6):1221-1227.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2014.06.031.
[8]叶铁虎,李大魁.麻醉药理学基础与临床[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2011:519-524.
[9]NAVARRO S,FRIEDLANDER A.The effect of carbon dioxide anesthesia on the lactate and pyruvate levels in the hemolymph of Ephestia cautella(Wlk.)pupae[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology,1975,50(1):187-189.DOI:10.1016/0305-0491(75)90320-X.
[10]丁伟,赵志模,王进军,等.高CO2对嗜卷书虱的致死作用及其行为反应[J].西南农业学报,2002,24(5):398-401.DOI:10.13718/j.cnki.xdzk.2002.05.005.
[11]ZHOU S,CRIDDLE R S,MITCHAM E J.Metabolic response of Platynota stultana pupae to controlled atmospheres and its relation to insect mortality response[J].Journal of Insect Physiology,2000,46(10):1375-1385.DOI:10.1016/S0022-1910(00)00060-3.
[12]孙耘芹,冯国蕾,袁家,等.棉蚜对有机磷杀虫剂抗性的生化机理[J].昆虫学报,1987,30(1):13-18.
[13]中国科学院上海昆虫研究所.昆虫学研究集刊[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1994:318-324.
[14]胡文忠.鲜切果蔬科学与技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2009:101-105.
[15]郑永华.高氧处理对蓝莓和草莓果实采后呼吸速率和乙烯释放速率的影响[J].园艺学报,2005,32(5):866-868.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0513-353X.2005.05.020.
[16]曾富华.生物化学实验技术教程[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2011:308-312.
[17]DONAHAYE E.Studies on the development of resistance to modified atmospheres in the stored product insect Tribolium castaneum[D].Jerusalem:Hebrew University,1985.
[18]梁峥,梁厚果.植物生理和分子生物学[M].2版.北京:科学出版社,1998:344-365.
[19]胡晋红.皮肤药理学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2008:102-104.
[20]雷章,卢宏达,卢驰,等.还原型谷胱甘肽对大鼠急性放射性肺损伤炎症的影响[J].中国医院药学杂志,2014(17):1449-1453.DOI:10.13286/j.cnki.chinhosppharmacyj.2014.17.06.
[21]BIALE J B,YOUNG R E.Critical oxygen concentrations for the respiration of lemons[J].Botanical Society of America,1947,34:301-309.
[22]MAXIE E C,ROBISON B J,CATLIN P B.Effect of various oxygen concentrations on the respiration of wickson plum fruit and fruit issues[J].Journal of Economic Entomology,2003,71:145-156.
[23]郑永华,苏新国,李欠盛,等.高氧对枇杷果实贮藏期间呼吸速率和多酚氧化酶活性及品质的影响[J].植物生理学通讯,2000,36(4):318-320.
[24]蒋德云,李宝筏,孔晓玲,等.CO2气调防治储粮害虫试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(3):166-169.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1002-6819.2006.03.036.
[25]HAUGASSD N.Cellular metabolism of oxygen toxicity[J].Journal Agricultural and Food Chemistry,1968,48:3l1-373.
[26]程伟霞,丁伟,赵志模.气调(CA)对储藏物害虫的作用机制[J].昆虫知识,2001,38(5):330-333.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.0452-8255.2001.05.003.