晋祠博物馆植物景观意境分析
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摘要
园林植物作为主要的构景要素之一,在我国传统园林中有着极其重要的作用。以晋祠为研究对象,就园林植物组成和植物景观意境分4个区进行研究分析。结果显示,晋祠植物景观总体是庄严肃穆,4个分区则是在整体的基础上各有不同。其中,以中轴线为主的圣母殿祠建筑群,种植的植物以基调树种侧柏、国槐、油松、白皮松等松科植物为主,且大多为年代久远的大型古树名木,其中,古柏最多,其次为槐树、榆树;以关帝庙、三圣祠为主的庙建筑群,植物也是以基调的松柏类为主,四季常青,寿命较长,突出对先辈的崇拜敬仰之情;位于晋祠的最南面以奉圣寺、舍利生生塔为主的寺建筑群,强调归于自然的自然之趣,配置有大量的灌木丁香、连翘、海棠、樱花、珍珠梅、牡丹等丰富季相变化,营造自然野趣;位于晋祠北面以文昌宫为主的观建筑,布局比较围合且在寺园内种植有大片高大乔木以与其他建筑分割,丛植以玉兰突出高洁超脱的仙境,寺庭内对植基调树种侧柏突出庄重氛围。
As one of the main landscape elements, garden plants play an extremely important role in Chinese traditional gardens. In this paper, Jinci was taken as the research object, the composition of garden plants and the artistic conception of plant landscape were divided into four areas. The results showed that the plant landscape of Jinci was solemn and solemn, and the four subdivisions were different on the basis of the whole. Among them, the central axis of the Temple of the Virgin Temple complex, the plants planted by the keynote tree species are Platycladus orientalis(L.), Sophora japonica L., Pinus tabulaeformis Carr., Pinus tabulaeformis Zucc. and other pine plants,and most of them were ancient and famous old trees, among which ancient cypress was the largest. The next was Sophora japonica L. and Ulmus pumila L.. A temple dominated by Guandi temple and three shrines, plants were also based on the tone of pine and cypress, the four seasons evergreen, longer life, highlighting the worship of the ancestors. Located at the southernmost side of the Jinci Temple, the temple complex, which was dominated by the Stupa and the Fengsheng Tower, emphasized the natural interests of nature and had a large number of shrubs, cloves, forsythia, begonia, cherry blossoms, pearls, peonies, and other rich seasonal changes to create a wild nature. To the north of the Jinci Temple as the main viewof the Wenchang Palace, the layout was relatively close and there are large tracts of tall trees planted in the temple garden to separate them from other buildings, and Magnolia denudata Desr. is planted to highlight the lofty and transcendent fairyland. The monastery stands out the solemn atmosphere to the planting-tone tree species Platycladus orientalis(L.).
As one of the main landscape elements, garden plants play an extremely important role in Chinese traditional gardens. In this paper, Jinci was taken as the research object, the composition of garden plants and the artistic conception of plant landscape were divided into four areas. The results showed that the plant landscape of Jinci was solemn and solemn, and the four subdivisions were different on the basis of the whole. Among them, the central axis of the Temple of the Virgin Temple complex, the plants planted by the keynote tree species are Platycladus orientalis(L.), Sophora japonica L., Pinus tabulaeformis Carr., Pinus tabulaeformis Zucc. and other pine plants,and most of them were ancient and famous old trees, among which ancient cypress was the largest. The next was Sophora japonica L. and Ulmus pumila L.. A temple dominated by Guandi temple and three shrines, plants were also based on the tone of pine and cypress, the four seasons evergreen, longer life, highlighting the worship of the ancestors. Located at the southernmost side of the Jinci Temple, the temple complex, which was dominated by the Stupa and the Fengsheng Tower, emphasized the natural interests of nature and had a large number of shrubs, cloves, forsythia, begonia, cherry blossoms, pearls, peonies, and other rich seasonal changes to create a wild nature. To the north of the Jinci Temple as the main viewof the Wenchang Palace, the layout was relatively close and there are large tracts of tall trees planted in the temple garden to separate them from other buildings, and Magnolia denudata Desr. is planted to highlight the lofty and transcendent fairyland. The monastery stands out the solemn atmosphere to the planting-tone tree species Platycladus orientalis(L.).
引文
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[2]张艳.晋祠古祠建筑群的分析[J].大众文艺,2015(9):44-45.
[3]刘仙芝.谈晋祠建筑与宗教文化[J].山西建筑,2013,39(7):25-26.
[4]张树民.试论晋祠古典园林的造园艺术特色[J].文物世界,2015(4):23-24.
[5]邢至怡,胡冰心.浅析晋祠的造园艺术[J].山西林业,2012(4):43-44.
[6]朱向东,杜森.晋祠中的祠庙寺观建筑研究[J].太原理工大学学报,2008,39(1):83-86.
[7]伊红珊.中国寺庙园林建筑布局探析:以河北省渉县娲皇宫为例[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(25):12298-12300.
[8]朱琳,何云核,杨德全,等.宗教园林植物景观的意境营造[J].现代农业科技,2012(2):241-242.
[9]朱琳.杭州市宗教园林植物景观研究[M].浙江农林大学,2012(12):33-34.
[10]王雷.中国寺庙园林植物景观营造初探[J].林业科学,2007(1):62-66.
[11]颜玉璞,李冠衡,马志明.浅谈寺庙园林植物景观的设计与营造[J].山西农业科学,2008,36(4):91-92.
[12]于丹丹.巩义市园林植物资源调查及应用分析[J].河南农业科学,2013,42(1):106-109.
[13]刘大鹏.晋祠志[M].太原:三晋出版社,2003.
[14]邵燕.镇江市寺庙园林植物景观研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2007.
[15]王小玲.中国宗教园林植物景观营造初探[D].北京:北京林业大学,2010.
[16]金荷仙,华海镜.寺庙园林植物造景特色[J].中国园林,2004(2):51-55.
[17]董会杰.浅谈城市园林植物的造景作用[J].天津农业科学,2012,18(1):162-164.
[18]王锐.北京私家园林植物景观研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2013.
[19]刘媛.浅谈中国寺庙园林[J].井冈山学院学报(自然科学版),2006,27(6):11-13.
[20]庄杭,刘阳,王子尧.浅谈中国佛寺园林植物景观的营造特色[J].现代园艺,2016(12):77.
[21]贺赞.南岳衡山佛教寺庙园林植物景观研究[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2008.