VSP初至逐层递推层速度反演研究及应用
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摘要
利用VSP资料准确获取地层速度,对地震数据时深转换和偏移成像具有重要的作用。受激发接收条件变化、近源动态干扰和初至拾取误差等因素,VSP资料初至时间往往含有一定程度的随机干扰。笔者研究了当VSP资料初至时间存在随机噪声干扰和仅有深部接收数据的情况下,不同井源距VSP资料逐层递推反演层速度的误差特性。研究表明:①井源距越大,其对应资料初至反演速度误差越小;②当仅有深部资料时,井源距越小,其资料反演结果与实际地层速度更接近。为此,提出初至时间平滑后再反演,多井源距反演结果求平均的方法,从而提高层速度反演精度。利用该研究结论,在某海上Walkaway-VSP资料处理中,取得了较好的效果。
The use of VSP data to accurately acquire formation velocities plays an important role in time-depth conversion and migration imaging of seismic data.Due to factors such as changes in receive and excitation conditions,near-source dynamic interference,and first arrival time pick-up errors,the first arrival time of VSP data often contains a certain degree of random interference.The authors studied the error characteristics of inverting interval velocity for VSP data with different offsets by layer-by-layer recursion algorithm when VSP data have random noise at the first arrival time and only deep data are received.Some conclusions have been reached: ①The larger the offset,the smaller the inversion velocity error of the corresponding data; ②When the data is only recorded from the deep level,the smaller the offset,the closer the inversion result to the actual formation velocity.For this reason,the first arrival time should be smoothed before being inverted by layer-by-layer recursion algorithm,and then the average of inversion results is taken from multi offset VSP data as the final interval velocity.This method can improve the inversion accuracy of the interval velocity.By using this research conclusion,good results were obtained in the processing of marine Walkaway-VSP data.
The use of VSP data to accurately acquire formation velocities plays an important role in time-depth conversion and migration imaging of seismic data.Due to factors such as changes in receive and excitation conditions,near-source dynamic interference,and first arrival time pick-up errors,the first arrival time of VSP data often contains a certain degree of random interference.The authors studied the error characteristics of inverting interval velocity for VSP data with different offsets by layer-by-layer recursion algorithm when VSP data have random noise at the first arrival time and only deep data are received.Some conclusions have been reached: ①The larger the offset,the smaller the inversion velocity error of the corresponding data; ②When the data is only recorded from the deep level,the smaller the offset,the closer the inversion result to the actual formation velocity.For this reason,the first arrival time should be smoothed before being inverted by layer-by-layer recursion algorithm,and then the average of inversion results is taken from multi offset VSP data as the final interval velocity.This method can improve the inversion accuracy of the interval velocity.By using this research conclusion,good results were obtained in the processing of marine Walkaway-VSP data.
引文
[1]郭建.VSP技术应用现状及发展趋势[J].油气藏评价与开发,2004,27(1):1-8.Guo J.The application status and development trends of VSP technology[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics(in Chinese),2004,27(1):1-8.
[2]孙赞东.三维三分量VSP方法原理及应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2011:171-185.Sun Z D. Principle and application of 3D three-component VSP method[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2011:171-185.
[3]李远钦.曲线Radon变换反投影与VSP层析成像[J].石油地球物理勘探,1994,29(s2):42-45.Li Y Q. Curved Radon transform back projection and VSP tomography[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),1994,29(s2):42-45.
[4] Huang G N,Liu Y.Variable damping constraint tomography and its application in VSP Data[J]. Applied Geophysics,2012,9(2):177-185
[5]侯爱源,李庆忠,张文波.复杂区深井VSP层析求速度场的方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(6):1150-1155.Hou A Y,Li Q Z,Zhang W B.A method for velocity field with deep-well VSP tomography in complex areas[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2017,52(6):1150-1155.
[6]吴如山,李幼铭.关于在陆相薄互层油储地球物理研究中开展跨井和VSP层析[J].地球科学进展,1990,5(3):32-39.Wu R S,Li Y M. Cross-well and VSP tomography in geophysical research for terrestrial thin interlayer reservoirs[J]. Advances in Earth Science(in Chinese),1990,5(3):32-39.
[7]何正勤,吴庆举,冯锐,等.反向VSP透射层析成像法在岩墙松动层检测中的应用[J].物探与化探,2001,25(1):50-53.He Z Q,Wu Q J,Feng R,et al. Reverse VSP transmission tomography application in testing of loose rock layer[J].Geophysical&Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),2001,25(1):50-53.
[8]殷文,唐建云,朱剑兵,等.VSP时差分析及时深关系校正[J].地球物理学进展,2014,29(6):2823-2830.Yin W,Tang J Y,Zhu J B,et al. Analysis of VSP travel-time difference and calibration of time-depth relationship[J]. Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2014,29(6):2823-2830.
[9] Stewart R.VSP interval velocity from travel time inversion[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1984,32(4):602-628.
[10]王成礼,叶古清.利用非零井源距VSP资料计算层速度[J].石油地球物理勘探,1988,23(5):616-619.Wang C L,Ye G Q.The calculation of interval velocity using nonzero-offset VSP data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),1988,23(5):616-619.
[11]何惺华.从VSP资料求取速度参数的方法[J].石油物探,1991,30(1):97-108.He X H.An approach to determine velocity parameter from VSP data[J].Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum(in Chinese),1991,30(1):97-108.
[12]陈信平.由VSP初至时间反演层速度的算法和误差估计[J].石油地球物理勘探,1992,27(6):744-752.Chen X P. Method for interval velocity inversion using VSP first break time and the error estimation[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),1992,27(6):744-752.
[13]庄东海,肖春燕.VSP资料求层速度的射线追踪折线性[J].石油天然气学报,1994,16(4):50-53.Zhang D H,Xiao C Y.Interval velocity inversion from VSP data by polyline ray tracing[J].Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute(in Chinese),1994,16(4):50-53.
[14]李文杰,魏修成,刘洋.利用VSP资料反演地层层速度的一种新途径[J].石油物探,2004,43(2):126-129.Li W J,Wei X C,Liu Y.A new way to invert interval velocity by using VSP data[J].Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum(in Chinese),2004,43(2):126-129.
[15]高志凌,王举红.非零偏VSP层速度的计算方法[C]//中国地球物理学会年会,2006.Gao Z L,Wang J H.Non-zero offset VSP layer velocity calculation method[C]//Chinese Geophysical Society Annual Meeting(in Chinese),2006.
[16]邬世英,孙赞东.VSP速度反演中雅可比矩阵计算的一种新方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(1):6-9.Wu S Y,Sun Z D.A new approach for Jacobian matrix calculation in VSP velocity inversion[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2010,45(1):6-9.
[17]刘颖宇,田洪,李东,等.中途VSP地层层速度反演技术的拓展应用[J].中国海上油气,2011,23(3):163-165.Liu Y Y,Tian H,Li D,et al. Extended applications of interval velocity inversion on intermediate VSP[J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas(in Chinese),2011,23(3):163-165.
[18]胡建华,刘家琦,王玉岭.用VSP初至旅行时反演层速度的新方法——快速逐层校正法[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,1991,23(6):9-14.Hu J H,Liu J Q,Wang Y L.A new method for retrieving layer velocity with the first arrival time of VSP-Fast layer-by-layer Correction[J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(in Chinese),1991,23(6):9-14.
[19]山秀明,李龙俊,冯振明,等.逐层向下的递推反演方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,1997,32(2):214-220.Shan X M,Li L J,Feng Z M,et al.A new method for layer-by-layer downward recursion inversion[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),1997,32(2):214-220.
[20]周珺,谢春辉,杨鹏.VSP初至逐层递推反演层速度[J].物探与化探,2012,36(2):242-245.Zhou J,Xie C H,Yang P.Layer-by layer recursion inversion of interval velocity from VSP data[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),2012,36(2):242-245.
[2]孙赞东.三维三分量VSP方法原理及应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2011:171-185.Sun Z D. Principle and application of 3D three-component VSP method[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2011:171-185.
[3]李远钦.曲线Radon变换反投影与VSP层析成像[J].石油地球物理勘探,1994,29(s2):42-45.Li Y Q. Curved Radon transform back projection and VSP tomography[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),1994,29(s2):42-45.
[4] Huang G N,Liu Y.Variable damping constraint tomography and its application in VSP Data[J]. Applied Geophysics,2012,9(2):177-185
[5]侯爱源,李庆忠,张文波.复杂区深井VSP层析求速度场的方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(6):1150-1155.Hou A Y,Li Q Z,Zhang W B.A method for velocity field with deep-well VSP tomography in complex areas[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2017,52(6):1150-1155.
[6]吴如山,李幼铭.关于在陆相薄互层油储地球物理研究中开展跨井和VSP层析[J].地球科学进展,1990,5(3):32-39.Wu R S,Li Y M. Cross-well and VSP tomography in geophysical research for terrestrial thin interlayer reservoirs[J]. Advances in Earth Science(in Chinese),1990,5(3):32-39.
[7]何正勤,吴庆举,冯锐,等.反向VSP透射层析成像法在岩墙松动层检测中的应用[J].物探与化探,2001,25(1):50-53.He Z Q,Wu Q J,Feng R,et al. Reverse VSP transmission tomography application in testing of loose rock layer[J].Geophysical&Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),2001,25(1):50-53.
[8]殷文,唐建云,朱剑兵,等.VSP时差分析及时深关系校正[J].地球物理学进展,2014,29(6):2823-2830.Yin W,Tang J Y,Zhu J B,et al. Analysis of VSP travel-time difference and calibration of time-depth relationship[J]. Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2014,29(6):2823-2830.
[9] Stewart R.VSP interval velocity from travel time inversion[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1984,32(4):602-628.
[10]王成礼,叶古清.利用非零井源距VSP资料计算层速度[J].石油地球物理勘探,1988,23(5):616-619.Wang C L,Ye G Q.The calculation of interval velocity using nonzero-offset VSP data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),1988,23(5):616-619.
[11]何惺华.从VSP资料求取速度参数的方法[J].石油物探,1991,30(1):97-108.He X H.An approach to determine velocity parameter from VSP data[J].Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum(in Chinese),1991,30(1):97-108.
[12]陈信平.由VSP初至时间反演层速度的算法和误差估计[J].石油地球物理勘探,1992,27(6):744-752.Chen X P. Method for interval velocity inversion using VSP first break time and the error estimation[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),1992,27(6):744-752.
[13]庄东海,肖春燕.VSP资料求层速度的射线追踪折线性[J].石油天然气学报,1994,16(4):50-53.Zhang D H,Xiao C Y.Interval velocity inversion from VSP data by polyline ray tracing[J].Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute(in Chinese),1994,16(4):50-53.
[14]李文杰,魏修成,刘洋.利用VSP资料反演地层层速度的一种新途径[J].石油物探,2004,43(2):126-129.Li W J,Wei X C,Liu Y.A new way to invert interval velocity by using VSP data[J].Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum(in Chinese),2004,43(2):126-129.
[15]高志凌,王举红.非零偏VSP层速度的计算方法[C]//中国地球物理学会年会,2006.Gao Z L,Wang J H.Non-zero offset VSP layer velocity calculation method[C]//Chinese Geophysical Society Annual Meeting(in Chinese),2006.
[16]邬世英,孙赞东.VSP速度反演中雅可比矩阵计算的一种新方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(1):6-9.Wu S Y,Sun Z D.A new approach for Jacobian matrix calculation in VSP velocity inversion[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2010,45(1):6-9.
[17]刘颖宇,田洪,李东,等.中途VSP地层层速度反演技术的拓展应用[J].中国海上油气,2011,23(3):163-165.Liu Y Y,Tian H,Li D,et al. Extended applications of interval velocity inversion on intermediate VSP[J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas(in Chinese),2011,23(3):163-165.
[18]胡建华,刘家琦,王玉岭.用VSP初至旅行时反演层速度的新方法——快速逐层校正法[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,1991,23(6):9-14.Hu J H,Liu J Q,Wang Y L.A new method for retrieving layer velocity with the first arrival time of VSP-Fast layer-by-layer Correction[J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(in Chinese),1991,23(6):9-14.
[19]山秀明,李龙俊,冯振明,等.逐层向下的递推反演方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,1997,32(2):214-220.Shan X M,Li L J,Feng Z M,et al.A new method for layer-by-layer downward recursion inversion[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),1997,32(2):214-220.
[20]周珺,谢春辉,杨鹏.VSP初至逐层递推反演层速度[J].物探与化探,2012,36(2):242-245.Zhou J,Xie C H,Yang P.Layer-by layer recursion inversion of interval velocity from VSP data[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),2012,36(2):242-245.