风/光/储微网规划经济性影响因素分析
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摘要
风/光/储微网是实现分布式能源优势互补、高效利用的有效形式。然而,影响其经济性的因素众多、影响程度各异。对风/光/储微网内经济性影响因素的关键程度进行了量化分析。基于对微网运行方式的分析,建立了微网规划经济性模型。该模型以年净收益最优为目标,考虑了微网中微源特性、与上级电网间功率平衡和供电可靠性等约束,并建立了经济运行评价指标。在此基础上,通过计算影响因子来量化规划层面和运行层面各影响因素的关键程度。以云南某地实际微网为算例,分析结果表明,合理配置储能可提升微网规划经济性;风/光/储微网经济性的关键影响因素在规划层面包括储能等效循环次数、风光发电单元装机成本和贴现率等因素,在运行层面包括风光发电单元售电电量和售电单价以及单位环境收益等因素。
The wind-photovoltaic-storage microgrid is an effective solution which achieves complementary advantages and efficient usage of distributed sources.However,many factors affect the economics with various influence degrees.The criticality of economic factors is quantified and analyzed in the wind-photovoltaic-storage microgrid.Based on the analysis of operation mode,the economic model of microgrid planning is built.The model is aimed at optimal annual net profit considering the operation characteristics of micro-sources,the power balance between the microgrid and the utility grid as well as the reliability constraints.Also,the evaluation indices of economic operation are established.On this basis,economic factors in both planning and operation aspects are quantified by calculating the influence coefficients.A practical microgrid in Yunnan Province is used as case study.The analysis results show that the rational allocation of energy storage can improve the economics of microgrid planning,and the key economic factors of wind-photovoltaic-storage microgrid include the equivalent life cycles of energy storage,the unit investment cost of wind generators and the discount rate on the planning level,and the energy supplied,unit electricity price as well as unit environmental benefit of wind power and photovoltaic generation on the operation level.
The wind-photovoltaic-storage microgrid is an effective solution which achieves complementary advantages and efficient usage of distributed sources.However,many factors affect the economics with various influence degrees.The criticality of economic factors is quantified and analyzed in the wind-photovoltaic-storage microgrid.Based on the analysis of operation mode,the economic model of microgrid planning is built.The model is aimed at optimal annual net profit considering the operation characteristics of micro-sources,the power balance between the microgrid and the utility grid as well as the reliability constraints.Also,the evaluation indices of economic operation are established.On this basis,economic factors in both planning and operation aspects are quantified by calculating the influence coefficients.A practical microgrid in Yunnan Province is used as case study.The analysis results show that the rational allocation of energy storage can improve the economics of microgrid planning,and the key economic factors of wind-photovoltaic-storage microgrid include the equivalent life cycles of energy storage,the unit investment cost of wind generators and the discount rate on the planning level,and the energy supplied,unit electricity price as well as unit environmental benefit of wind power and photovoltaic generation on the operation level.
引文
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[16]修晓青,唐巍,李建林,等.基于层次分析法的储能配置综合评估技术[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(11):72-78.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20171227003.XIU Xiaoqing,TANG Wei,LI Jianlin,et al.Comprehensive evaluation technology of energy storage configuration based on analytic hierarchy process[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(11):72-78.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20171227003.
[17]荆朝霞,胡荣兴,袁灼新,等.含风/光/抽水蓄能并计及负荷响应的海岛微网优化配置[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(1):65-72.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160106008.JING Zhaoxia,HU Rongxing,YUAN Zhuoxin,et al.Capacity configuration optimization for island microgrid with wind/solar/pumped storage considering demand response[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(1):65-72.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160106008.
[18]言大伟,韦钢,胡吟,等.可靠性与经济性相协调的微电网能量优化[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(8):18-23.YAN Dawei,WEI Gang,HU Yin,et al.Microgrid energy optimization with coordination of reliability and economy[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(8):18-23.
[19]陈健,刘玉田,张文,等.基于博弈论的配电网中多级微电网优化配置分析[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(1):45-52.CHEN Jian,LIU Yutian,ZHANG Wen,et al.Optimal sizing analysis of multilevel microgrids in distribution network based on game theory[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(1):45-52.
[20]梅生伟,王莹莹,刘锋.风-光-储混合电力系统的博弈论规划模型与分析[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(20):13-19.MEI Shengwei,WANG Yingying,LIU Feng.A game theory based planning model and analysis for hybrid power system with wind generators-photovoltaic panels-storage batteries[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(20):13-19.
[21]张建华,于雷,刘念,等.含风/光/柴/蓄及海水淡化负荷的微电网容量优化配置[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(2):102-112.ZHANG Jianhua,YU Lei,LIU Nian,et al.Capacity configuration optimization for island microgrid with wind/photovoltaic/diesel/storage and seawater desalination load[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(2):102-112.
[22]丁明,张颖媛,茆美琴,等.集中控制式微网系统的稳态建模与运行优化[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(24):78-82.DING Ming,ZHANG Yingyuan,MAO Meiqin,et al.Steady model and operation optimization for microgrids under centralized control[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2009,33(24):78-82.
[2]黎嘉明,郑雪阳,艾小猛,等.独立海岛微网分布式电源容量优化设计[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(10):176-184.LI Jiaming,ZHENG Xueyang,AI Xiaomeng,et al.Optimal design of capacity of distributed generation in island standalone microgrid[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(10):176-184.
[3]郭力,刘文建,焦冰琦,等.独立微网系统的多目标优化规划设计方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(4):524-536.GUO Li,LIU Wenjian,JIAO Bingqi,et al.Multi-objective optimal planning design method for stand-alone microgrid system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(4):524-536.
[4]陈健,王成山,赵波,等.考虑储能系统特性的独立微电网系统经济运行优化[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(20):25-31.CHEN Jian,WANG Chengshan,ZHAO Bo,et al.Economic operation optimization of a stand-alone microgrid system considering characteristics of energy storage system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(20):25-31.
[5]陈健,赵波,王成山,等.不同自平衡能力并网型微电网优化配置分析[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(21):1-6.CHEN Jian,ZHAO Bo,WANG Chengshan,et al.Optimal sizing analysis on grid-connected microgrid with different selfbalancing capabilities[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(21):1-6.
[6]李珂,邰能灵,张沈习,等.考虑相关性的分布式电源多目标规划方法[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(9):51-57.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160805001.LI Ke,TAI Nengling,ZHANG Shenxi,et al.Multi-objective planning method of distributed generators considering correlations[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(9):51-57.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160805001.
[7]BAHRAMIRAD S,REDER W,KHODAEI A.Reliabilityconstrained optimal sizing of energy storage system in a microgrid[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2012,3(4):2056-2062.
[8]GUO Li,YU Zhouzi,WANG Chengshan,et al.Optimal design of battery energy storage system for a wind-diesel off-grid power system in a remote Canadian community[J].IET Generation Transmission&Distribution,2016,10(3):608-616.
[9]张有兵,任帅杰,杨晓东,等.考虑价格型需求响应的独立型微电网优化配置[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(7):55-62.ZHANG Youbing,REN Shuaijie,YANG Xiaodong,et al.Optimal configuration considering price-based demand response for stand-alone microgrid[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(7):55-62.
[10]刘梦璇,王成山,郭力,等.基于多目标的独立微电网优化设计方法[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(17):34-39.LIU Mengxuan,WANG Chengshan,GUO Li,et al.An optimal design method of multi-objective based island microgrid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(17):34-39.
[11]田崇翼,张承慧,李珂,等.含压缩空气储能的微网复合储能技术及其成本分析[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(10):36-41.TIAN Chongyi,ZHANG Chenghui,LI Ke,et al.Composite energy storage technology with compressed air energy storage in microgrid and its cost analysis[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(10):36-41.
[12]李建林,郭斌琪,牛萌,等.风光储系统储能容量优化配置策略[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(6):1189-1196.LI Jianlin,GUO Binqi,NIU Meng,et al.Optimal configuration strategy of energy storage capacity in wind/PV/storage hybrid system[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2018,33(6):1189-1196.
[13]茆美琴,丁勇,王杨洋,等.微网---未来能源互联网系统中的“有机细胞”[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(19):1-11.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170417007.MAO Meiqin,DING Yong,WANG Yangyang,et al.Microgrid-an“organic cell”for future energy interconnection system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(19):1-11.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170417007.
[14]ALSAIDAN I,KHODAEI A,GAO Wenzhong.Acomprehensive battery energy storage optimal sizing model for microgrid applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2018,33(4):3968-3980.
[15]韩晓娟,程成,籍天明,等.计及电池使用寿命的混合储能系统容量优化模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(34):83-89.HAN Xiaojuan,CHENG Cheng,JI Tianming,et al.Capacity optimal modeling of hybrid energy storage systems considering battery life[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(34):83-89.
[16]修晓青,唐巍,李建林,等.基于层次分析法的储能配置综合评估技术[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(11):72-78.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20171227003.XIU Xiaoqing,TANG Wei,LI Jianlin,et al.Comprehensive evaluation technology of energy storage configuration based on analytic hierarchy process[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(11):72-78.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20171227003.
[17]荆朝霞,胡荣兴,袁灼新,等.含风/光/抽水蓄能并计及负荷响应的海岛微网优化配置[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(1):65-72.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160106008.JING Zhaoxia,HU Rongxing,YUAN Zhuoxin,et al.Capacity configuration optimization for island microgrid with wind/solar/pumped storage considering demand response[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(1):65-72.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160106008.
[18]言大伟,韦钢,胡吟,等.可靠性与经济性相协调的微电网能量优化[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(8):18-23.YAN Dawei,WEI Gang,HU Yin,et al.Microgrid energy optimization with coordination of reliability and economy[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(8):18-23.
[19]陈健,刘玉田,张文,等.基于博弈论的配电网中多级微电网优化配置分析[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(1):45-52.CHEN Jian,LIU Yutian,ZHANG Wen,et al.Optimal sizing analysis of multilevel microgrids in distribution network based on game theory[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(1):45-52.
[20]梅生伟,王莹莹,刘锋.风-光-储混合电力系统的博弈论规划模型与分析[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(20):13-19.MEI Shengwei,WANG Yingying,LIU Feng.A game theory based planning model and analysis for hybrid power system with wind generators-photovoltaic panels-storage batteries[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(20):13-19.
[21]张建华,于雷,刘念,等.含风/光/柴/蓄及海水淡化负荷的微电网容量优化配置[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(2):102-112.ZHANG Jianhua,YU Lei,LIU Nian,et al.Capacity configuration optimization for island microgrid with wind/photovoltaic/diesel/storage and seawater desalination load[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(2):102-112.
[22]丁明,张颖媛,茆美琴,等.集中控制式微网系统的稳态建模与运行优化[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(24):78-82.DING Ming,ZHANG Yingyuan,MAO Meiqin,et al.Steady model and operation optimization for microgrids under centralized control[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2009,33(24):78-82.