异写字与异构字考论
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摘要
区分异写字、异构字的核心标准为构形理据。异写字各形体的构形理据是相同的,异构字各形体的构形理据是不同的。异写字包括笔画层面的异体字和静态的构件层面的异体字两大类,静态的构件层面的异体字主要有构件位置不同、构件数量不同两种类型;异构字指动态的构件层面的异体字,包括构字方法不同的异体字和构字方法相同但所取部件不同的异体字两大类。区分异写字与异构字,尚需注意一些容易造成混乱的现象,如古文隶定字与传承字、手写变异字与传承字、避讳字与传承字、讹字与正字、造意本不同但使用中功能重合之字。区分异写字与异构字对于汉字的整理研究有至关重要的意义。
The key criterion of telling characters with alternative spellings from those with alternative configurations is the configurative principle of Chinese characters.Characters with alternative spellings are the same as the original ones in configurative principle,but this is not the case with those with alternative configurations.Characters with alternative spellings are divided into two types:those that are different in stroke,and those that are different in static structure.The second type is further divided into two groups:those with alternative structures and those with alternative numbers of structures.Characters with alternative configurations refer to the variant characters with dynamic structures.They can also be classified into two types:those with alternative character formation,and those with the same formation but alternative components.It should also be noticed that we should be misled by others confusing characters,like the misspelled,handwritten characters,when we try to distinguish characters with alternative spellings from those with alternative configurations,which is of great significance to the study Chinese characters.
The key criterion of telling characters with alternative spellings from those with alternative configurations is the configurative principle of Chinese characters.Characters with alternative spellings are the same as the original ones in configurative principle,but this is not the case with those with alternative configurations.Characters with alternative spellings are divided into two types:those that are different in stroke,and those that are different in static structure.The second type is further divided into two groups:those with alternative structures and those with alternative numbers of structures.Characters with alternative configurations refer to the variant characters with dynamic structures.They can also be classified into two types:those with alternative character formation,and those with the same formation but alternative components.It should also be noticed that we should be misled by others confusing characters,like the misspelled,handwritten characters,when we try to distinguish characters with alternative spellings from those with alternative configurations,which is of great significance to the study Chinese characters.
引文
[1]王宁.汉字学概要[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2001.
[2]李国英.异体字的定义与类型[J].北京师范大学学报(社会科学版),2007(3):46-50.
[3]李运富.汉字汉语论稿[M].北京:学苑出版社,2008.
[4]章琼.汉字异体字论[M].北京:商务印书馆,2007.
[5]孙建伟.论字体与字形[J].南阳师范学院学报,2012(4):57-59.
[6]黄征.敦煌俗字典[M].上海:上海教育出版社,2005.
[2]李国英.异体字的定义与类型[J].北京师范大学学报(社会科学版),2007(3):46-50.
[3]李运富.汉字汉语论稿[M].北京:学苑出版社,2008.
[4]章琼.汉字异体字论[M].北京:商务印书馆,2007.
[5]孙建伟.论字体与字形[J].南阳师范学院学报,2012(4):57-59.
[6]黄征.敦煌俗字典[M].上海:上海教育出版社,2005.