焊丝成分对T91/316L异种钢焊接接头微观组织和力学性能的影响
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摘要
T91马氏体钢与316L奥氏体钢异种钢的焊接主要应用于超超临界机组(USC)和核电领域中的加速器驱动次临界洁净核能系统(ADS)。本研究采用ER309L、ER316L和ERNiCr-3三种不同的焊丝,使用钨极氩弧(TIG)焊对T91马氏体不锈钢和316L奥氏体不锈钢进行了焊接,并对焊接接头进行了微观组织和力学性能分析,同时研究了焊后热处理对焊接接头的影响规律。研究结果表明,使用三种焊丝获得的焊缝的微观组织都是粗大的奥氏体枝晶,且其枝晶的晶粒垂直于熔合线往焊缝中心生长。焊态下焊接接头拉伸试样在T91侧的粗晶热影响区(CGHAZ)发生脆性断裂,经过焊后热处理(750℃/1h)的焊接拉伸试样的韧性断裂均发生在316L母材处,且抗拉强度显著上升,这表明焊后热处理能够提高T91/316L异种钢焊接接头的拉伸性能。在未焊后热处理状态下,使用ERNiCr-3焊丝获得的焊接接头焊缝的冲击性能优于其他焊丝。焊态下焊接接头硬度在T91侧熔合线处显著升高,而焊后热处理后T91侧熔合线处的硬度凸起几乎消失。
Dissimilar welding between T91 martensitic steel and 316 Laustenitic stainless steel is typically used in ultra-supercritical(USC)boilers for power plants and in the accelerator driven systems(ADS)for nuclear industry.This paper investigated the microstructure and mechanical properties of T91/316 Ltungsten inert gas(TIG)welding joints fabricated by three different kinds of welding wires(ER309 L,ER316 Land ERNiCr-3).The microstructure of three welding joints were all coarse dendritic austenitic grains with the orientation perpendicular to the fusion line.Before post welding heat treatment(PWHT),the fracture of tensile specimens all took place in T91 side CGHAZ due to the formation of the coarse grains at T91 side CGHAZ in the process of welding thermal cycle.However,after PWHT(750℃/1 h),the fracture locations of tensile specimens shifted to the 316 Lbase metal and the tensile strength increased obviously,indicating that PWHT was necessary for the enhancement of the tensile strength of T91/316 Ldissimilar welding joints.The impact toughness of ERNiCr-3 welding seam was better than ER309 Land ER316 L welding seams in as-welded condition.The hardness of all samples in the as-welded condition exhibited an obvious increase in the fusion zone at T91 side,while the bump disappeared after PWHT.
Dissimilar welding between T91 martensitic steel and 316 Laustenitic stainless steel is typically used in ultra-supercritical(USC)boilers for power plants and in the accelerator driven systems(ADS)for nuclear industry.This paper investigated the microstructure and mechanical properties of T91/316 Ltungsten inert gas(TIG)welding joints fabricated by three different kinds of welding wires(ER309 L,ER316 Land ERNiCr-3).The microstructure of three welding joints were all coarse dendritic austenitic grains with the orientation perpendicular to the fusion line.Before post welding heat treatment(PWHT),the fracture of tensile specimens all took place in T91 side CGHAZ due to the formation of the coarse grains at T91 side CGHAZ in the process of welding thermal cycle.However,after PWHT(750℃/1 h),the fracture locations of tensile specimens shifted to the 316 Lbase metal and the tensile strength increased obviously,indicating that PWHT was necessary for the enhancement of the tensile strength of T91/316 Ldissimilar welding joints.The impact toughness of ERNiCr-3 welding seam was better than ER309 Land ER316 L welding seams in as-welded condition.The hardness of all samples in the as-welded condition exhibited an obvious increase in the fusion zone at T91 side,while the bump disappeared after PWHT.
引文
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26 Falat L,Svoboda M,VyrostkováA,et al.Microstructure and creep characteristics of dissimilar T91/TP316H martensitic/austenitic welded joint with Ni-based weld metal[J].Materials Characterization,2012,72(7):15.
27 Huang M L,Wang L.Carbon migration in 5Cr-0.5Mo/21Cr-12Ni dissimilar metal welds[J].Metallurgical&Materials Transactions A,1998,29(12):3037.
2 Hu X,Xiao N,Luo X,et al.Transformation behavior of precipitates in a W-alloyed 10wt pct Cr steel for ultra-supercritical power plants[J].Journal of Materials Science&Technology,2010,26(9):817.
3 Sklenicka V,KucharováK,Svoboda M,et al.Long-term creep behavior of 9—12%Cr power plant steels[J].Materials Characterization,2003,51(1):35.
4 Konishi S,Kimura A,Kohyama A.Overview of design and R&D of test blankets in Japan[J].Fusion Engineering&Design,2006,81(1):415.
5 Tanigawa H,Hirose T,Shiba K,et al.Technical issues of reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steels for fabrication of ITER test blanket modules[J].Fusion Engineering&Design,2008,83(10):1471.
6 Kim M Y,Kwak S C,Choi I S,et al.High-temperature tensile and creep deformation of cross-weld specimens of weld joint between T92martensitic and Super304Haustenitic steels[J].Materials Characterization,2014,97(97):161.
7 Bosch J V D,Almazouzi A.Compatibility of martensitic/austenitic steel welds with liquid lead bismuth eutectic environment[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,2009,385(3):504.
8 Serre I,Vogt J B.Mechanical properties of a 316L/T91weld joint tested in lead-bismuth liquid[J].Materials&Design,2009,30(9):3776.
9 Martín-Mu1oz F J,Soler-Crespo L,Gómez-Brice1o D.Assessment of the influence of surface finishing and weld joints on the corrosion/oxidation behaviour of stainless steels in lead bismuth eutectic[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,2011,416(1-2):80.
10 Laverde D,Gómez-Acebo T,Castro F.Continuous and cyclic oxidation of T91ferritic steel under steam[J].Corrosion Science,2004,46(3):613.
11 Ding J,Han E H,Zhang Z,et al.Influence of sigma phase on corrosion behavior of 316Lstainless steel in high temperature and high pressure water[J].Materials at High Temperatures,2016,34(1):78.
12 Wang G G,Liu T Z,Shang J L,et al.Crack analysis of T91/TP347HFG dissimilar steel welding joint[J].Failire Analysis and Prevention,2015(1):51(in Chinese).王淦刚,刘天佐,尚建路,等.T91/TP347HFG异种钢焊接接头裂纹原因分析[J].失效分析与预防,2015(1):51.
13 Li X M,Zhang Z W,Zou Y,et al.Research on properties of T92/Super304Hdissimilar steel welded joints[J].Materials Review B:Research Papers,2011,25(9):99(in Chinese).李新梅,张忠文,邹勇,等.T92/Super304H异种钢焊接接头的性能研究[J].材料导报:研究篇,2011,25(9):99.
14 Zhang Q,Wang J Q,Chen G H,et al.Microstructures and mechanical properties of T92/Super304H dissimilar steel weld joints[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metal,2013(2):396(in Chinese).张祺,王家庆,陈国宏,等.T92/Super304H异种钢焊接接头的组织结构和力学性能[J].中国有色金属学报,2013(2):396.
15 Zhang J Y,Wu Q S,Huang B,et al.Microstructure properties of CLAM/316LTIG welded joint[J].Nuclear Science and Engineering,2016,36(4):492(in Chinese).张俊钰,吴庆生,黄波,等.CLAM-316LTIG焊接接头显微组织特征分析[J].核科学与工程,2016,36(4):492.
16 Chen G,Zhang Q,Liu J,et al.Microstructures and mechanical properties of T92/Super304Hdissimilar steel weld joints after hightemperature ageing[J].Materials&Design,2013,44:469.
17 Zhang J,Huang B,Wu Q,et al.Effect of post-weld heat treatment on the mechanical properties of CLAM/316Ldissimilar joint[J].Fusion Engineering&Design,2015,100(5):334.
18 Zhang K,Cai W H,Wang Z C,et al.Performance analysis of the T91/TP347Hdissimilar steel welded joints[J].North China Electric Power,2016(8):34(in Chinese).张坤,蔡文河,王智春,等.T91/TP347H异种钢焊接接头性能分析[J].华北电力技术,2016(8):34.
19 Furuya K,Ida M,Miyashita M,et al.Mechanical properties of F82H/316Land 316L/316Lwelds upon the target back-plate of IFMIF[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,2009,s386-388:963.
20 Cao J,Gong Y,Zhu K,et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar materials joints between T92 martensitic and S304Haustenitic steels[J].Materials&Design,2011,32(5):2763.
21 Ka9ar R,Baylan O.An investigation of microstructure/property relationships in dissimilar welds between martensitic and austenitic stainless steels[J].Materials&Design,2004,25(4):317.
22 Das C R,Bhaduri A K,Srinivasan G,et al.Selection of filler wire for and effect of auto tempering on the mechanical properties of dissimilar metal joint between 403and 304L(N)stainless steels[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2009,209(3):1428.
23 Mitchell D R G,Sulaiman S.Advanced TEM specimen preparation methods for replication of P91steel[J].Materials Characterization,2006,56(1):49.
24 Gutiérrez N Z,Cicco H D,Marrero J,et al.Evolution of precipitated phases during prolonged tempering in a 9%Cr1%MoVNb ferritic-martensitic steel:Influence on creep performance[J].Materials Science&Engineering A,2011,528(12):4019.
25 Huang B S,Liu G,Huang L P,et al.Effect of different welding material matching and aging treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar steel welded joints[J].Journal of Materials Engineering,2013(8):75(in Chinese).黄本生,刘阁,黄龙鹏,等.不同焊材匹配与时效处理对异种钢焊接接头显微结构与力学性能的影响[J].材料工程,2013(8):75.
26 Falat L,Svoboda M,VyrostkováA,et al.Microstructure and creep characteristics of dissimilar T91/TP316H martensitic/austenitic welded joint with Ni-based weld metal[J].Materials Characterization,2012,72(7):15.
27 Huang M L,Wang L.Carbon migration in 5Cr-0.5Mo/21Cr-12Ni dissimilar metal welds[J].Metallurgical&Materials Transactions A,1998,29(12):3037.