创业团队异质性对新企业绩效的影响
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摘要
创业团队异质性是近年来创业研究的热点。在前人研究的基础之上,将异质性划分为社会异质性和功能异质性两类,用SPSS分析构建线性回归模型,探究了这两类异质性对新企业绩效的影响作用,并加入领导者情绪智力作为调节变量。其中,社会异质性采用年龄和教育水平两个维度,功能异质性采用经验和知识两个维度。实证研究结果表明,社会异质性对新企业绩效有负向作用,功能异质性对新企业绩效有正向作用,领导者的情绪智力在异质性和新企业绩效之间存在一个正向的调节关系。
The heterogeneity of entrepreneurial teams is a current hot topic in entrepreneurship research. Based on the study of relevant papers,this paper divided the heterogeneity into social heterogeneity and heterogeneity of function,constructed the linear regression model by SPSS analysis,explored the influence of heterogeneity on the new ventures' performance and joined the leader's emotional intelligence as a regulatory variable. Among them,social heterogeneity adopts two dimensions of age and education level,and functional heterogeneity adopts two dimensions of experience and knowledge. The study found that age heterogeneity and educational level heterogeneity are negatively related to new ventures' performance. Empirical heterogeneity and knowledge heterogeneity are positively related to new ventures' performance. The emotional intelligence of leaders regulates the relationship between heterogeneity and the new ventures' performance. The result shows that social heterogeneity has a negative effect on the new ventures' performance. Functional heterogeneity has a positive effect on the new ventures' performance,and this relationship is adjusted by leader's emotional intelligence.
The heterogeneity of entrepreneurial teams is a current hot topic in entrepreneurship research. Based on the study of relevant papers,this paper divided the heterogeneity into social heterogeneity and heterogeneity of function,constructed the linear regression model by SPSS analysis,explored the influence of heterogeneity on the new ventures' performance and joined the leader's emotional intelligence as a regulatory variable. Among them,social heterogeneity adopts two dimensions of age and education level,and functional heterogeneity adopts two dimensions of experience and knowledge. The study found that age heterogeneity and educational level heterogeneity are negatively related to new ventures' performance. Empirical heterogeneity and knowledge heterogeneity are positively related to new ventures' performance. The emotional intelligence of leaders regulates the relationship between heterogeneity and the new ventures' performance. The result shows that social heterogeneity has a negative effect on the new ventures' performance. Functional heterogeneity has a positive effect on the new ventures' performance,and this relationship is adjusted by leader's emotional intelligence.
引文
[1]刘刚,王丹,李佳.高管团队异质性、商业模式创新与企业绩效[J].经济与管理研究,2017(04):105-114.
[2]张秀娥,孙中博,韦韬.创业团队异质性如何影响绩效:基于团队氛围中介效应的分析[J].武汉大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2014(03):106-111.
[3] Ughetto E. Growth of born globals:the role of the entrepreneur’s personal factors and venture capital[J]. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal,2016,12(03):839-857.
[4]吴维库,关鑫,胡伟科.领导情绪智力水平与领导绩效关系的实证研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2011,32(08):174-178.
[5] Stam W,Arzlanian S,Elfring T. Social capital of entrepreneurs and small firm performance:a meta-analysis of contextual and methodological moderators[J]. Journal of Business Venturing,2014,29(01):152-173.
[6]程江.创业团队异质性对创业绩效的影响研究综述[J].外国经济与管理,2017(10):3-17.
[7] Beckman C M,Burton M D,O’reilly C. Early teams:the impact of team demography on VC financing and going public[J]. Journal of Business Venturing,2007,22(02):147-173.
[8]杨俊,田莉,张玉利,等.创新还是模仿:创业团队经验异质性与冲突特征的角色[J].管理世界,2010(03):84-96.
[9]朱国军,吴价宝,董诗笑,等.高管团队人口特征、激励与创新绩效的关系研究——来自中国创业板上市公司的实证研究[J].中国科技论坛,2013(06):143-150.
[10]徐志坚,魏娟,夏伟.高层管理团队异质性对创业企业首次公开募股折价的影响[J].南京大学学报(哲学·人文科学·社会科学版),2013(04):36-44,158.
[11]刘刚,王泽宇.创业团队文化多样性与互联网创业融资——基于产品众筹数据的实证分析[J].财贸经济,2016(06):113-128.
[12] Hmieleski K M,Ensley M D. A contextual examination of new venture performance:entrepreneur leadership behavior,top management team heterogeneity,and environmental dynamism[J]. Journal of Organizational Behavior,2007,28(07):865-889.
[13] Williams M. Being trusted:how team generational age diversity promotes and undermines trust in cross-boundaryrelationships[J]. Journal of Organizational Behavior,2016,37(03):346-373.
[14] Harrison D A,Klein K J. What is the difference? Diversity constructs as separation,variety,or disparity in organizations[J]. Academy of Management Review,2007,32(04):1199-1228.
[15]胡望斌,张玉利,杨俊.同质性还是异质性:创业导向对技术创业团队与新企业绩效关系的调节作用研究[J].管理世界,2014(06):92-109+187-188.
[16] Mayer J D,Salovey P. What is emotional intelligence[M]. New York:Basic Books,1997.
[17]牛芳,张玉利,杨俊.创业团队异质性与新企业绩效:领导者乐观心理的调节作用[J]. 2011(11):110-119.
[18] Hooijberg R,Hunt J G,Dodge G E. Leadership complexity and development of the leader complex model[J]. Journal of Management,1997,23(03):375-408.
[19]岳红,张剑.情绪智力及其与工作绩效的关系[J].科学学研究,2006(24):536-539.
[20]李焓,吴银龙.国内外情绪智力研究述评[J].学理论,2011(12):49-50.
[2]张秀娥,孙中博,韦韬.创业团队异质性如何影响绩效:基于团队氛围中介效应的分析[J].武汉大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2014(03):106-111.
[3] Ughetto E. Growth of born globals:the role of the entrepreneur’s personal factors and venture capital[J]. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal,2016,12(03):839-857.
[4]吴维库,关鑫,胡伟科.领导情绪智力水平与领导绩效关系的实证研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2011,32(08):174-178.
[5] Stam W,Arzlanian S,Elfring T. Social capital of entrepreneurs and small firm performance:a meta-analysis of contextual and methodological moderators[J]. Journal of Business Venturing,2014,29(01):152-173.
[6]程江.创业团队异质性对创业绩效的影响研究综述[J].外国经济与管理,2017(10):3-17.
[7] Beckman C M,Burton M D,O’reilly C. Early teams:the impact of team demography on VC financing and going public[J]. Journal of Business Venturing,2007,22(02):147-173.
[8]杨俊,田莉,张玉利,等.创新还是模仿:创业团队经验异质性与冲突特征的角色[J].管理世界,2010(03):84-96.
[9]朱国军,吴价宝,董诗笑,等.高管团队人口特征、激励与创新绩效的关系研究——来自中国创业板上市公司的实证研究[J].中国科技论坛,2013(06):143-150.
[10]徐志坚,魏娟,夏伟.高层管理团队异质性对创业企业首次公开募股折价的影响[J].南京大学学报(哲学·人文科学·社会科学版),2013(04):36-44,158.
[11]刘刚,王泽宇.创业团队文化多样性与互联网创业融资——基于产品众筹数据的实证分析[J].财贸经济,2016(06):113-128.
[12] Hmieleski K M,Ensley M D. A contextual examination of new venture performance:entrepreneur leadership behavior,top management team heterogeneity,and environmental dynamism[J]. Journal of Organizational Behavior,2007,28(07):865-889.
[13] Williams M. Being trusted:how team generational age diversity promotes and undermines trust in cross-boundaryrelationships[J]. Journal of Organizational Behavior,2016,37(03):346-373.
[14] Harrison D A,Klein K J. What is the difference? Diversity constructs as separation,variety,or disparity in organizations[J]. Academy of Management Review,2007,32(04):1199-1228.
[15]胡望斌,张玉利,杨俊.同质性还是异质性:创业导向对技术创业团队与新企业绩效关系的调节作用研究[J].管理世界,2014(06):92-109+187-188.
[16] Mayer J D,Salovey P. What is emotional intelligence[M]. New York:Basic Books,1997.
[17]牛芳,张玉利,杨俊.创业团队异质性与新企业绩效:领导者乐观心理的调节作用[J]. 2011(11):110-119.
[18] Hooijberg R,Hunt J G,Dodge G E. Leadership complexity and development of the leader complex model[J]. Journal of Management,1997,23(03):375-408.
[19]岳红,张剑.情绪智力及其与工作绩效的关系[J].科学学研究,2006(24):536-539.
[20]李焓,吴银龙.国内外情绪智力研究述评[J].学理论,2011(12):49-50.