干旱区引种竹柳(Salix fragilis)适宜的灌溉咸水矿化度研究
|
摘要
竹柳(Salix fragilis)具有较强的抗逆性,在干旱区新疆引种是较好的城市绿化举措。探明竹柳引种克拉玛依市过程中的光合特性变化规律,寻找适宜的灌溉咸水矿化度,可为干旱区竹柳及其他先锋植物的引种积累经验并提供理论依据。2014年6月,在克拉玛依市乌尔禾区选定样地,设置了3个灌溉咸水矿化度:0、5g·L~(-1)和10g·L~(-1),沟灌嫁接竹柳(砧木为旱柳)2年生健康幼株,次日,自8:00起至20:00,间隔2h,用Li-6400便携式气体交换系统测定其成熟叶片的光合生理参数(净光合速率、蒸腾速率等)。结果表明:灌溉咸水矿化度处理0、5g·L~(-1)和10g·L~(-1),竹柳的净光合速率(Pn)差异极显著(F=60.822,p=0.000<0.01);按照Pn对光合有效辐射的定积分,竹柳的Pn积分值排序依次为5g·L~(-1)(102.35)>0g·L~(-1)(84.87)>10g·L~(-1)(64.37);按照水分利用率(WUE)对光合有效辐射的积分值排序为:5g·L~(-1)(14.54)>0g·L~(-1)(12.01)>10g·L~(-1)(11.41);5g·L~(-1)竹柳Pn积分值在3个处理中最大,WUE积分值也最高。说明在新疆北部克拉玛依,春季(5-6月)引种竹柳(2年生嫁接苗)适宜的灌溉咸水矿化度是5g·L~(-1)。
Salix fragilis is one of the tree species with strong anti-stress capability.To introduce it in arid area in Xinjiang is a good initiative for urban greening.In order to understand the adaptability and the characteristics of photosynthesis of the introduced species to local conditions in Karamay,where is rich in salty water,2-year-old introduced plant seedlings were irrigated by salty water with different salt contents(0,5g·L~(-1) and 10g·L~(-1)),relative physiological parameters were measured on the next day after irrigation every two-hour from 8:00to 20:00.The results showed that the order Pnvalue integrated from 1to 7of Pn was 5g·L~(-1)(102.35)>0g·L~(-1)(84.87)>10g·L~(-1)(64.37),and the order value of integrated WUE was 5g·L~(-1)(14.54)>0g·L~(-1)(12.01)>10g·L~(-1)(11.40),according to the regression equations in all the treatments,while the water use efficiency(WUE)was also the highest one(14.54).It was concluded that the optimal saline concentration of S.fragilis was 5g·L~(-1).
Salix fragilis is one of the tree species with strong anti-stress capability.To introduce it in arid area in Xinjiang is a good initiative for urban greening.In order to understand the adaptability and the characteristics of photosynthesis of the introduced species to local conditions in Karamay,where is rich in salty water,2-year-old introduced plant seedlings were irrigated by salty water with different salt contents(0,5g·L~(-1) and 10g·L~(-1)),relative physiological parameters were measured on the next day after irrigation every two-hour from 8:00to 20:00.The results showed that the order Pnvalue integrated from 1to 7of Pn was 5g·L~(-1)(102.35)>0g·L~(-1)(84.87)>10g·L~(-1)(64.37),and the order value of integrated WUE was 5g·L~(-1)(14.54)>0g·L~(-1)(12.01)>10g·L~(-1)(11.40),according to the regression equations in all the treatments,while the water use efficiency(WUE)was also the highest one(14.54).It was concluded that the optimal saline concentration of S.fragilis was 5g·L~(-1).
引文
[1]张捷,杨淑梅,王玲.低温胁迫下2个“竹柳”品系的抗寒性[J].林业科学,2013,49(9):158-164.ZHANG J,YANG S M,WANG L.Cold resisitence of two“Zhuliu”varieties under low temperature stress[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2013,49(9):158-164.(in Chinese)
[2]潘昕,谢德新,邱权,等.干旱胁迫对两种速生树种苗木生理指标的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2013,33(10):84-88.PAN X,XIE D X,QIU Q,et al.Effects of drought stress on seedlings physiological indexes of two fast-growing tree species[J].Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology,2013,33(10):84-88.(in Chinese)
[3]邱权,潘昕,李吉跃,等.速生树种尾巨桉和竹柳幼苗耗水特性和水分利用效率[J].生态学报,2014,34(6):1401-1410.QIU Q,PAN X,LI J Y,et al.Water consumption characteristics and water use efficiency of Eucalyptu surophylla×Eucalyptus grandis and bamboo-willowseedlings[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(6):1401-1410.(in Chinese)
[4]刘俊龙,吴中能,欧阳海言,等.竹柳持续淹水后的生长状况及耐水性调查研究[J].安徽林业科技,2012,38(1):20-22.LIU J L,WU Z N,OUYANG H Y,et al.Research on the growth and flooding tolerance of American Bamboo willow after prolonged flooding[J].Anhui Forestry Science and Technology,2012,38(1):20-22.(in Chinese)
[5]邵志广.NaCl处理对竹柳苗光合特性的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(19):6139-6141.SHAO Z G.Effects of NaCl treatment on photosynthetic characteristics of Bamboo willow seedlings[J].Journal of Anhui Agri.Sci.,2014,42(19):6139-6141.(in Chinese)
[6]郝姗姗,宰学明.NaCl处理对竹柳苗根系活力及抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(15):6587-6588,6670.HAO S S,ZAI X M.Effects of NaCl treatment on antioxidant enzyme activity and Bamboo willow seedling root vigor[J].Journal of Anhui Agri.Sci.,2013,41(15):6587-6588,6670.(in Chinese)
[7]王文成,郭艳超,李克晔,等.盐胁迫对竹柳种苗形态及生理指标的影响[J].华北农学报,2011,26(S1):143-146.WANG W C,GUO Y C,LI K Y,et al.Effects of NaCl stress on the morphological and physiological indexes of Zhuliu plants[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-sinica,2011,26(S1):143-146.(in Chinese)
[8]杨升,张华新,刘涛.盐胁迫对16种幼苗渗透调节物质的影响[J].林业科学研究,2012,25(3):269-277.YANG S,ZHANG H X,LIU T.Effect of salt stress on osmotic adjustment substances in plants[J].Forest Research,2012,25(3):269-277.(in Chinese)
[9]喻方圆,徐锡增.植物逆境生理研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2003,16(5):6-11.YU F Y,XU X Z.A review on plant stress physiology[J].World Forestry Research,2003,16(5):6-11.(in Chinese)
[10]韩炜,曹玲,海米提·依米提,等.咸水灌溉对沙漠中罗布麻适应性的调控[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(3):756-762.HAN W,CAO L,HAMID Y,et al.Adaption of Apocynum venetumto saline water irrigation[J].Journal of Desert Research,2012,32(3):756-762.(in Chinese)
[11]闫海龙,张希明,梁少民,等.地下水埋深及水质对塔克拉玛干沙拐枣气体交换特性的影响[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(5):1146-1152.YAN H L,ZHANG X M,LIANG S M,et al.Effect of groundwater depth and quality on gas exchange characteristics of Calligonnum taklimakanensis[J].Journal of Desert Research,2010,30(5):1146-1152.(in Chinese)
[12]王鹏,赵成义,李君.地下水埋深及矿化度对多枝柽柳幼苗光合特征及生长的影响[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(2):84-89.WANG P,ZHAO C Y,LI J.Effects of groundwater depth and mineralization degree on phand growth of Tamarix ramosissima seedlings[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,32(2):84-89.(in Chinese)
[13]史军辉,王新英,刘茂秀,等.NaCl胁迫对胡杨幼苗叶主要渗透调节物质的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2014,29(6):6-11.SHI J H,WANG X Y,LIU M X,et al.Effect of NaCl stress on main osmotic adjustment substances in the seedling leaves of Populus euphratica[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2014,29(6):6-11.(in Chinese)
[14]郭永昌.不同矿化度微咸水灌溉条件下柽柳的耗水规律试验研究[J].节水灌溉,2012(7):14-17.GUO Y C.Experimental study on water consumption rule of Tamarxi ramossisima under brackish water irrigation with different mineralization degree[J].Water Saving Irrigation,2012(7):14-17.(in Chinese)
[15]汪宗飞,何新林,张明.幼年期柽柳对不同矿化度微咸水灌溉响应的初步研究[J].节水灌溉,2011(1):6-9.WANG Z F,HE X L,ZHANG M.Priliminary study on respond of Tamarxi ramossisima in young period to irrigation with different salinity slightly saline water[J].Water Aving Irrigation,2011(1):6-9.(in Chinese)
[16]金婷,郝振萍,游佳,等.竹柳苗耐盐性生理指标研究[J].中国园艺文摘,2014(5):26-28.
[17]潘峰,田长彦,邵峰,等.新疆克拉玛依市生态敏感性研究[J].地理学报,2011,66(11):1497-1507.PAN F,TIAN C Y,SHAO F,et al.Evaluation of ecological sensitivity in Karamay,Xinjiang,Northwest China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2011,66(11):1497-1507.(in Chinese)
[18]潘英.基于土地利用变化的生态系统服务价值评估[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆师范大学,2012.
[19]何新林,陈书飞,王振华,等.咸水灌溉对沙土土壤盐分和胡杨生理生长的影响[J].生态学报,2012(11):3449-3459.HE X L,CHEN S F,WANG Z H,et al.Effect of saline water irrigation on sand soil salt and the physiology and growth of Populus euphratica oliv.[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(11):3449-3459.(in Chinese)
[20]张全庆,张新科,任满船.准噶尔盆地乌尔禾地区铀成矿水文地质条件分析[J].世界核地质科学,2009,26(2):76-80.ZHANG Q Q,ZHANG X K,REN M C.Analysis on hydrological condition for uranium ore formation in Wuerhe district,Junggar Basin[J].World Nuclear Geoscience,2009,26(2):76-80.(in Chinese)
[21]杨升,张华新,张丽.植物耐盐生理生化指标及耐盐植物筛选综述[J].西北林学院学报,2010,25(3):59-65.YANG S,ZHANG H X,ZHANG L.Physiological and biochemical indices of salt tolerance and scanning of salt-tolerance plants:a review[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2010,25(3):59-65.(in Chinese)
[22]教忠意,王保松,施士争,等.林木抗盐性研究进展[J].西北林学院学报,2008,23(5):60-64,73.JIAO Z Y,WANG B S,SHI S Z,et al.Advances in salt resistance of trees[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2008,23(5):60-64,73.(in Chinese)
[23]李菊艳,赵成义,闫映宇,等.不同盐分梯度下胡杨幼苗的光合-光响应特征[J].干旱区研究,2014,31(4):728-733.LI J Y,ZHAO C Y,YAN Y Y,et al.Response of the Populus euphraticaseedlings to photosynthetic-light under salt stress[J].Arid Zone Research,2014,31(4):728-733.(in Chinese)
[24]季琳琳,吴中能,刘俊龙,等.NaCl胁迫对2种柳树幼苗光合特征的影响[J].河北农业大学学报,2013,36(1):50-54.JI L L,WU Z N,LIU J L,et al.Effect of salt stresson on phoyosythetic characteristics of two Willow species at seedling stage[J].Journal of Agricultural University of Hebei,2013,36(1):50-54.(in Chinese)
[2]潘昕,谢德新,邱权,等.干旱胁迫对两种速生树种苗木生理指标的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2013,33(10):84-88.PAN X,XIE D X,QIU Q,et al.Effects of drought stress on seedlings physiological indexes of two fast-growing tree species[J].Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology,2013,33(10):84-88.(in Chinese)
[3]邱权,潘昕,李吉跃,等.速生树种尾巨桉和竹柳幼苗耗水特性和水分利用效率[J].生态学报,2014,34(6):1401-1410.QIU Q,PAN X,LI J Y,et al.Water consumption characteristics and water use efficiency of Eucalyptu surophylla×Eucalyptus grandis and bamboo-willowseedlings[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(6):1401-1410.(in Chinese)
[4]刘俊龙,吴中能,欧阳海言,等.竹柳持续淹水后的生长状况及耐水性调查研究[J].安徽林业科技,2012,38(1):20-22.LIU J L,WU Z N,OUYANG H Y,et al.Research on the growth and flooding tolerance of American Bamboo willow after prolonged flooding[J].Anhui Forestry Science and Technology,2012,38(1):20-22.(in Chinese)
[5]邵志广.NaCl处理对竹柳苗光合特性的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(19):6139-6141.SHAO Z G.Effects of NaCl treatment on photosynthetic characteristics of Bamboo willow seedlings[J].Journal of Anhui Agri.Sci.,2014,42(19):6139-6141.(in Chinese)
[6]郝姗姗,宰学明.NaCl处理对竹柳苗根系活力及抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(15):6587-6588,6670.HAO S S,ZAI X M.Effects of NaCl treatment on antioxidant enzyme activity and Bamboo willow seedling root vigor[J].Journal of Anhui Agri.Sci.,2013,41(15):6587-6588,6670.(in Chinese)
[7]王文成,郭艳超,李克晔,等.盐胁迫对竹柳种苗形态及生理指标的影响[J].华北农学报,2011,26(S1):143-146.WANG W C,GUO Y C,LI K Y,et al.Effects of NaCl stress on the morphological and physiological indexes of Zhuliu plants[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-sinica,2011,26(S1):143-146.(in Chinese)
[8]杨升,张华新,刘涛.盐胁迫对16种幼苗渗透调节物质的影响[J].林业科学研究,2012,25(3):269-277.YANG S,ZHANG H X,LIU T.Effect of salt stress on osmotic adjustment substances in plants[J].Forest Research,2012,25(3):269-277.(in Chinese)
[9]喻方圆,徐锡增.植物逆境生理研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2003,16(5):6-11.YU F Y,XU X Z.A review on plant stress physiology[J].World Forestry Research,2003,16(5):6-11.(in Chinese)
[10]韩炜,曹玲,海米提·依米提,等.咸水灌溉对沙漠中罗布麻适应性的调控[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(3):756-762.HAN W,CAO L,HAMID Y,et al.Adaption of Apocynum venetumto saline water irrigation[J].Journal of Desert Research,2012,32(3):756-762.(in Chinese)
[11]闫海龙,张希明,梁少民,等.地下水埋深及水质对塔克拉玛干沙拐枣气体交换特性的影响[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(5):1146-1152.YAN H L,ZHANG X M,LIANG S M,et al.Effect of groundwater depth and quality on gas exchange characteristics of Calligonnum taklimakanensis[J].Journal of Desert Research,2010,30(5):1146-1152.(in Chinese)
[12]王鹏,赵成义,李君.地下水埋深及矿化度对多枝柽柳幼苗光合特征及生长的影响[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(2):84-89.WANG P,ZHAO C Y,LI J.Effects of groundwater depth and mineralization degree on phand growth of Tamarix ramosissima seedlings[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,32(2):84-89.(in Chinese)
[13]史军辉,王新英,刘茂秀,等.NaCl胁迫对胡杨幼苗叶主要渗透调节物质的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2014,29(6):6-11.SHI J H,WANG X Y,LIU M X,et al.Effect of NaCl stress on main osmotic adjustment substances in the seedling leaves of Populus euphratica[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2014,29(6):6-11.(in Chinese)
[14]郭永昌.不同矿化度微咸水灌溉条件下柽柳的耗水规律试验研究[J].节水灌溉,2012(7):14-17.GUO Y C.Experimental study on water consumption rule of Tamarxi ramossisima under brackish water irrigation with different mineralization degree[J].Water Saving Irrigation,2012(7):14-17.(in Chinese)
[15]汪宗飞,何新林,张明.幼年期柽柳对不同矿化度微咸水灌溉响应的初步研究[J].节水灌溉,2011(1):6-9.WANG Z F,HE X L,ZHANG M.Priliminary study on respond of Tamarxi ramossisima in young period to irrigation with different salinity slightly saline water[J].Water Aving Irrigation,2011(1):6-9.(in Chinese)
[16]金婷,郝振萍,游佳,等.竹柳苗耐盐性生理指标研究[J].中国园艺文摘,2014(5):26-28.
[17]潘峰,田长彦,邵峰,等.新疆克拉玛依市生态敏感性研究[J].地理学报,2011,66(11):1497-1507.PAN F,TIAN C Y,SHAO F,et al.Evaluation of ecological sensitivity in Karamay,Xinjiang,Northwest China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2011,66(11):1497-1507.(in Chinese)
[18]潘英.基于土地利用变化的生态系统服务价值评估[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆师范大学,2012.
[19]何新林,陈书飞,王振华,等.咸水灌溉对沙土土壤盐分和胡杨生理生长的影响[J].生态学报,2012(11):3449-3459.HE X L,CHEN S F,WANG Z H,et al.Effect of saline water irrigation on sand soil salt and the physiology and growth of Populus euphratica oliv.[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(11):3449-3459.(in Chinese)
[20]张全庆,张新科,任满船.准噶尔盆地乌尔禾地区铀成矿水文地质条件分析[J].世界核地质科学,2009,26(2):76-80.ZHANG Q Q,ZHANG X K,REN M C.Analysis on hydrological condition for uranium ore formation in Wuerhe district,Junggar Basin[J].World Nuclear Geoscience,2009,26(2):76-80.(in Chinese)
[21]杨升,张华新,张丽.植物耐盐生理生化指标及耐盐植物筛选综述[J].西北林学院学报,2010,25(3):59-65.YANG S,ZHANG H X,ZHANG L.Physiological and biochemical indices of salt tolerance and scanning of salt-tolerance plants:a review[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2010,25(3):59-65.(in Chinese)
[22]教忠意,王保松,施士争,等.林木抗盐性研究进展[J].西北林学院学报,2008,23(5):60-64,73.JIAO Z Y,WANG B S,SHI S Z,et al.Advances in salt resistance of trees[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2008,23(5):60-64,73.(in Chinese)
[23]李菊艳,赵成义,闫映宇,等.不同盐分梯度下胡杨幼苗的光合-光响应特征[J].干旱区研究,2014,31(4):728-733.LI J Y,ZHAO C Y,YAN Y Y,et al.Response of the Populus euphraticaseedlings to photosynthetic-light under salt stress[J].Arid Zone Research,2014,31(4):728-733.(in Chinese)
[24]季琳琳,吴中能,刘俊龙,等.NaCl胁迫对2种柳树幼苗光合特征的影响[J].河北农业大学学报,2013,36(1):50-54.JI L L,WU Z N,LIU J L,et al.Effect of salt stresson on phoyosythetic characteristics of two Willow species at seedling stage[J].Journal of Agricultural University of Hebei,2013,36(1):50-54.(in Chinese)