企业进行外部研发提升了创新绩效吗?——基于Meta分析
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摘要
基于70篇共146项相互独立的关于企业外部研发与创新绩效关系的实证研究样本,运用Meta分析方法探讨内、外向型外部研发及其各维度与企业创新绩效的关系。研究结果表明:企业内、外向型外部研发对于创新绩效均具有显著的正向影响。其中,内向型外部研发中的合作引进(产学研、合资)、购买引进(购买技术、设备或服务)、外包与创新绩效的关系逐步减弱;外向型外部研发中承接外包与创新绩效的关系呈中等强度正相关,但是授权技术与创新绩效的相关关系结果不显著。此外,文化因素、中介变量存在情况、创新绩效类型会影响外部研发与创新绩效的关系。
Based on 146 independent empirical studies, and using the Meta analysis method, this paper intends to explore the relationship between inbound, outbound external R&D as well as its various dimensions and enterprise innovation performance. The conclusions are as follows: The external R&D, inbound external R&D as well as outbound external R&D all have significant positive impacts on innovation performance. Among them, the relationship between outsourcing and innovation performance gradually weakens in inward oriented external R&D cooperation(joint venture), purchasing(purchasing technology, equipment or service); the relationship between outsourcing and innovation performance is moderately strong in extroverted external R&D, but the correlation between authorized technology and innovation performance is not significant. In addition, cultural factors, the existence of mediators and the measurement of innovation performance all affect the relationship between external R&D and innovation performance.
Based on 146 independent empirical studies, and using the Meta analysis method, this paper intends to explore the relationship between inbound, outbound external R&D as well as its various dimensions and enterprise innovation performance. The conclusions are as follows: The external R&D, inbound external R&D as well as outbound external R&D all have significant positive impacts on innovation performance. Among them, the relationship between outsourcing and innovation performance gradually weakens in inward oriented external R&D cooperation(joint venture), purchasing(purchasing technology, equipment or service); the relationship between outsourcing and innovation performance is moderately strong in extroverted external R&D, but the correlation between authorized technology and innovation performance is not significant. In addition, cultural factors, the existence of mediators and the measurement of innovation performance all affect the relationship between external R&D and innovation performance.
引文
[1]马如飞.企业研发组织模式选择:基于交易成本理论和资源基础理论的实证检验[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2011,32(1):152-158.
[2]INAUEN M,SCHENKER-WICKI A.The impact of outside-in open innovation on innovation performance[J].European Journal of Innovation Management,2011,14(4):496-520.
[3]何郁冰,梁斐.产学研合作中企业知识搜索的影响因素及其作用机制研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2017,38(3):12-22.
[4]杨百寅,高昂.企业创新管理方式选择与创新绩效研究[J].科研管理,2013,34(3):41-49.
[5]崔静静,程郁.基于创新价值链视角的企业创新绩效评估[J].软科学,2015,29(11):1-5,10.
[6]DE FALCO S E,PENCO L,SATTA G,et al.Technological alliances and innovative performance in the aerospace and defense industry[J].Strategic Change,2015,24(4):321-337.
[7]LAZZAROTTI V,BENGTSSON L,MANZINI R,et al.Openness and innovation performance:an empirical analysis of openness determinants and performance mediators[J].European Journal of Innovation Management,2017,20(3):463-492.
[8]WILLIAMSONO E.Theeconomicins titutions of capitalism:firms,markets,relational contracting[M].New York:The Free Press of Glencoe,1985:43-68.
[9]王保林,张铭慎.地区市场化、产学研合作与企业创新绩效[J].科学学研究,2015,33(5):748-757.
[10]SERRANO-BEDIA A M,LóPEZ-FERNáNDEZ M C,GARCíA-PIQUERES G.Complementarity between innovation activities and innovation performance:evidence from Spanish innovative firms[J].Manufacturing Technology Management,2012,23(5):557-577.
[11]ARORA A,ATHREYE S,HUANG C.The paradox of openness revisited:collaborative innovation and patenting by UK innovators[J].Research Policy,2016,45(7):1352-1361.
[12]KAFOUROS M,WANG C,PIPEROPOULOS P,e t al.Academic collaborations and firm innovation performance in China:the role of region-specific institutions[J].Research Policy,2015,44(3):803-817.
[13]BERCHICCI L.Towards an open R&D system:internal R&Dinvestment,external knowledge acquisition and innovative performance[J].Research Policy,2013,42(1):117-127.
[14]GKYPALI A,FILIOU D,TSEKOURAS K.R&D collaborations:is diversity enhancing innovation performance?[J].Technological Forecasting and Social Change,2017,118:143-152.
[15]于成永,施建军.研发模式选择及其对创新绩效的影响:一个研究综述[J].经济管理,2006(19):6-11.
[16]NAKAMURA K,ODAGIRI H.R&D boundaries of the firm:an estimation of the double-hurdle model on commissioned R&D,joint R&D,and licensing in Japan[J].Economics of Innovation and New Technology,2005,14(7):583-615.
[17]LOVE J H,ROPER S.Internal versus external R&D:a study of R&D choice with sample selection[J].International Journal of the Economics of Business,2002,9(2):39-255.
[18]PIGA C A,VIVARELLI M.Internal and external R&D:a sample selection approach[J].Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics,2004,66(4):457-482.
[19]CHESBROUGH H,CROWTHER A K.Beyond high tech:early adopters of open innovation in other industries[J].R&DManagement,2006,36(3):229-236.
[20]陈劲,陈钰芬.企业技术创新绩效评价指标体系研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2006,27(3):86-91.
[21]GLAISTER K W,BUCKLEY P J.Measures of performance in UK international alliances[J].Organization Studies,1998,19(1):89-118.
[22]张振刚,李云健,陈志明.双向开放式创新与企业竞争优势的关系[J].管理学报,2014,11(8):1184-1190.
[23]于飞,蔡翔,董亮.研发模式对企业创新的影响:知识基础的调节作用[J].管理科学,2017,30(3):97-109.
[24]GLASS G V.Primary,secondary,and meta-analysis of research[J].Educational Researcher,1976,5(10):3-8.
[25]NEGASSI S.R&D cooperation and innovation a micro econometric study on French firms[J].Research Policy,2004,33(3):365-384.
[26]白让让,谭诗羽.研发模式、纵向一体化与自主品牌导入期的创新绩效[J].管理科学,2016,29(4):70-79.
[27]王鹏飞.外向开放式创新对创新绩效的影响研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2010.
[28]COLEMAN J S.Social capital in the creation of human capital[J].American Journal of Sociology,1988,94:95-120.
[29]COLEMAN J S.Foundations of social theory[M].Boston:Harvard University Press,1994.
[30]UNGER J M,RAUCH A FRESE M,et al.Human capital and entrepreneurial success:a meta-analytical review[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2011,26(3):341-358.
[31]赵曙明.跨国公司在华面临的挑战:文化差异与跨文化管理[J].管理世界,1997(3):76-81.
[32]MUROVEC N,PRODAN I.Absorptive capacity,its determinants,and influence on innovation output:cross-cultural validation of the structural model[J].Technovation,2009,29(12):859-872.
[33]吴晓波,陈颖.基于吸收能力的研发模式选择的实证研究[J].科学学研究,2010,28(11):1722-1730.
[34]PIENING E P,SALGE T O.Understanding the antecedents,contingencies,and performance implications of process innovation:a dynamic capabilities perspective[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,2015,32(1):80-97.
[35]罗莉.承接跨国外包对企业创新绩效的影响:基于我国上市公司的经验证据[D].成都:西南财经大学,2014.
[36]魏红果,李海.保险营销员胜任特征模型:一个定性元分析[J].管理评论,2015,27(7):146-155.
[37]LIPSEY M W,WILSON D B.Practical meta-analysis[M].Thousand Oaks:Sage,2001.
[38]MURRAY J,FARRINGTON D P,SEKOL I.Children's antisocial behavior,mental health,drug use,and educational performance after parental incarceration:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Psychological Bulletin,2012,138(2):175-210.
[39]UZZI B.Social structure and competition in interfirm networks:the paradox of embeddedness[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1997,42(1):35-67.
[40]LARSON A.Network dyads in entrepreneurial settings:a study of the governance of exchange relationships[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1992,37(1):76-103.
[41]ROST K.The strength of strong ties in the creation of innovation[J].Research Policy,2011,40(4):588-604.
[42]INKPEN A C,TSANG E W K.Social capital,networks,and knowledge transfer[J].Academy of Management Review,2005,30(1):146-165.
1) 由于篇幅限制，留存备索。
2) 其中，k 为效应值个数。
3) ric、rih、rij、rig、riw分别表示产学研、合资、技术许可、购买技术或服务、外包与创新绩效的相关系数。
[2]INAUEN M,SCHENKER-WICKI A.The impact of outside-in open innovation on innovation performance[J].European Journal of Innovation Management,2011,14(4):496-520.
[3]何郁冰,梁斐.产学研合作中企业知识搜索的影响因素及其作用机制研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2017,38(3):12-22.
[4]杨百寅,高昂.企业创新管理方式选择与创新绩效研究[J].科研管理,2013,34(3):41-49.
[5]崔静静,程郁.基于创新价值链视角的企业创新绩效评估[J].软科学,2015,29(11):1-5,10.
[6]DE FALCO S E,PENCO L,SATTA G,et al.Technological alliances and innovative performance in the aerospace and defense industry[J].Strategic Change,2015,24(4):321-337.
[7]LAZZAROTTI V,BENGTSSON L,MANZINI R,et al.Openness and innovation performance:an empirical analysis of openness determinants and performance mediators[J].European Journal of Innovation Management,2017,20(3):463-492.
[8]WILLIAMSONO E.Theeconomicins titutions of capitalism:firms,markets,relational contracting[M].New York:The Free Press of Glencoe,1985:43-68.
[9]王保林,张铭慎.地区市场化、产学研合作与企业创新绩效[J].科学学研究,2015,33(5):748-757.
[10]SERRANO-BEDIA A M,LóPEZ-FERNáNDEZ M C,GARCíA-PIQUERES G.Complementarity between innovation activities and innovation performance:evidence from Spanish innovative firms[J].Manufacturing Technology Management,2012,23(5):557-577.
[11]ARORA A,ATHREYE S,HUANG C.The paradox of openness revisited:collaborative innovation and patenting by UK innovators[J].Research Policy,2016,45(7):1352-1361.
[12]KAFOUROS M,WANG C,PIPEROPOULOS P,e t al.Academic collaborations and firm innovation performance in China:the role of region-specific institutions[J].Research Policy,2015,44(3):803-817.
[13]BERCHICCI L.Towards an open R&D system:internal R&Dinvestment,external knowledge acquisition and innovative performance[J].Research Policy,2013,42(1):117-127.
[14]GKYPALI A,FILIOU D,TSEKOURAS K.R&D collaborations:is diversity enhancing innovation performance?[J].Technological Forecasting and Social Change,2017,118:143-152.
[15]于成永,施建军.研发模式选择及其对创新绩效的影响:一个研究综述[J].经济管理,2006(19):6-11.
[16]NAKAMURA K,ODAGIRI H.R&D boundaries of the firm:an estimation of the double-hurdle model on commissioned R&D,joint R&D,and licensing in Japan[J].Economics of Innovation and New Technology,2005,14(7):583-615.
[17]LOVE J H,ROPER S.Internal versus external R&D:a study of R&D choice with sample selection[J].International Journal of the Economics of Business,2002,9(2):39-255.
[18]PIGA C A,VIVARELLI M.Internal and external R&D:a sample selection approach[J].Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics,2004,66(4):457-482.
[19]CHESBROUGH H,CROWTHER A K.Beyond high tech:early adopters of open innovation in other industries[J].R&DManagement,2006,36(3):229-236.
[20]陈劲,陈钰芬.企业技术创新绩效评价指标体系研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2006,27(3):86-91.
[21]GLAISTER K W,BUCKLEY P J.Measures of performance in UK international alliances[J].Organization Studies,1998,19(1):89-118.
[22]张振刚,李云健,陈志明.双向开放式创新与企业竞争优势的关系[J].管理学报,2014,11(8):1184-1190.
[23]于飞,蔡翔,董亮.研发模式对企业创新的影响:知识基础的调节作用[J].管理科学,2017,30(3):97-109.
[24]GLASS G V.Primary,secondary,and meta-analysis of research[J].Educational Researcher,1976,5(10):3-8.
[25]NEGASSI S.R&D cooperation and innovation a micro econometric study on French firms[J].Research Policy,2004,33(3):365-384.
[26]白让让,谭诗羽.研发模式、纵向一体化与自主品牌导入期的创新绩效[J].管理科学,2016,29(4):70-79.
[27]王鹏飞.外向开放式创新对创新绩效的影响研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2010.
[28]COLEMAN J S.Social capital in the creation of human capital[J].American Journal of Sociology,1988,94:95-120.
[29]COLEMAN J S.Foundations of social theory[M].Boston:Harvard University Press,1994.
[30]UNGER J M,RAUCH A FRESE M,et al.Human capital and entrepreneurial success:a meta-analytical review[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2011,26(3):341-358.
[31]赵曙明.跨国公司在华面临的挑战:文化差异与跨文化管理[J].管理世界,1997(3):76-81.
[32]MUROVEC N,PRODAN I.Absorptive capacity,its determinants,and influence on innovation output:cross-cultural validation of the structural model[J].Technovation,2009,29(12):859-872.
[33]吴晓波,陈颖.基于吸收能力的研发模式选择的实证研究[J].科学学研究,2010,28(11):1722-1730.
[34]PIENING E P,SALGE T O.Understanding the antecedents,contingencies,and performance implications of process innovation:a dynamic capabilities perspective[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,2015,32(1):80-97.
[35]罗莉.承接跨国外包对企业创新绩效的影响:基于我国上市公司的经验证据[D].成都:西南财经大学,2014.
[36]魏红果,李海.保险营销员胜任特征模型:一个定性元分析[J].管理评论,2015,27(7):146-155.
[37]LIPSEY M W,WILSON D B.Practical meta-analysis[M].Thousand Oaks:Sage,2001.
[38]MURRAY J,FARRINGTON D P,SEKOL I.Children's antisocial behavior,mental health,drug use,and educational performance after parental incarceration:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Psychological Bulletin,2012,138(2):175-210.
[39]UZZI B.Social structure and competition in interfirm networks:the paradox of embeddedness[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1997,42(1):35-67.
[40]LARSON A.Network dyads in entrepreneurial settings:a study of the governance of exchange relationships[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1992,37(1):76-103.
[41]ROST K.The strength of strong ties in the creation of innovation[J].Research Policy,2011,40(4):588-604.
[42]INKPEN A C,TSANG E W K.Social capital,networks,and knowledge transfer[J].Academy of Management Review,2005,30(1):146-165.
1) 由于篇幅限制，留存备索。
2) 其中，k 为效应值个数。
3) ric、rih、rij、rig、riw分别表示产学研、合资、技术许可、购买技术或服务、外包与创新绩效的相关系数。